Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate survival and complications associated with short implants (6 <8 mm) in the rehabilitation of patients with atrophic ridges of the mandible. Materials and Methods: We performed a prospective study in 78 patients (32 women and 46 men, age: 54.6 years, range 38–63) participated with atrophied mandibles with 702 short implants (Bicon, LLC, USA).104 implants were 5.0mm long, 485 implants were 6.0mm long, and 123 implants were 8.0mm long, diameters implants from 3.0mm to 6mm) All patients underwent a thorough clinical examination according to the generally accepted scheme. The study included patients in whom the location of the inferior alveolar canal from the crest was 6–9mm, width ≥5 mm (as determined radiographically). All patients were selected after meticulous evaluation of their medical histories and dental examinations, including dental cone beam CT scans. Of the total number of patients (78), 27 patients were edentulous, 51 patients were partially edentulous. 27 edentulous patients, implants were inserted using surgical guides. All implants were installed with a conventional surgical protocol. Postoperative therapy included antibacterial, anti-inflammatory drugs. Implantation was carried out according to a standard two-stage protocol developed by the manufacturer. The 3 months later after in second stage implantation, the method of RFA-Resonance Frequency Analysis method was used. The functional load on dental implants was performed with ISQ values above >65. The prosthodontic rehabilitation was carried with implant supported non-removable orthopedic structures. The following parameters were recorded and evaluated: implant survival, MBL over time. The marginal bone lose MBL of the jaw around the implant was also 3 months after loading the prosthesis; and 1 year, 2 years, 3 years and 5 years after implant placement. Results: We analyzed data from 76 patients who were assigned to 702 implants (in the mandible). No postoperative complications were reported. All patients had healthy soft tissues. The mean implant stability index (ISQ) was 69.2±10.6 for primary stability at implants placement, respectively 73, 6 ISQ after 3 months befor loading. Compared to baseline, mean marginal bone loss (MBL) after 6 months of prosthetic loading was 0.51±0.28, at the end of the 1 year 0.94±0.31, at the end of the 3 year 1.23±0.34 respectively, at the end of the 5 year 1.45±0.61. On average, over the observation period (42.6 ± 16.4 months), the implantation success rate was 96.8% in the lower jaw (two implants were lost), and the prosthetics success rate was 98.7%.The results obtained are comparable with success criteria in implant rehabilitation. The reported technique proved to be successful in the population observed, with minimal trauma and reduced invasiveness. The patients were satisfied with the aesthetic and functional result of the treatment. Conclusion: In patients with mandible bone atrophy, short implants with an optimized macrostructure represent a reliable method of functional rehabilitation. The results showed that short implants with is effective in improving the chewing ability of the patients with an atrophied mandible.

Background/Objectives: The following study was performed to test and compare the shear bond strength and of the orthodontics brackets bonded to extracted human premolar teeth using various etching procedures and also to determine the brackets / adhesive failure mode. Materials/Methods: The teeth were acid-etched using 37% orthophosphoric acid, laser-etched with Er: YAG (Fotona Lares, wavelength, 2 940 nm) and both acid etching followed by laser etching. Orthodontic brackets were bonded to all the teeth using Transbond XT paste (3M Unitek). Results: Shear bond strength of all teeth of each group was determined by using Universal testing machine. Data obtained were compared by Kruskal Wallis analysis of variance (ANOVA) and chi-square (χ2) test was used to compare the adhesive remnant index (ARI) scores for all the three groups. Conclusions: The study found laser-etched procedure more effective than acid-etched procedure and both acid and laser-etched procedures in the management of orthodontics.

Dental fluorosis is a common disorder characterized by hypomineralisation of the tooth surface and affect the aesthetic appearance of the teeth. (2) It is caused by excessive and chronic consumption of fluoride during odontogenesis. (1) The affected teeth are characterized by the presence of stains with different colors (white or brown) associated or not to loss of substance (1). This aesthetic damage has a significant impact on the quality of patient’s life. (1, 2, 3). To manage this aesthetic problem, superficial irregularities and certain intrinsic stains could be solved by Enamel micro-abrasion procedure. This conservative technique could be followed by in-office or at-home bleaching. (1, 2, 3) Hence, the objectives of this article are: • To discuss the indications and limitations of enamel microabrasion. • To present three case reports treated by enamel microabrasion.

Osteosarcoma is a malignant neoplasm of the bone, commonly affecting the long bones. The involvement of the jaws is rarely noticed. This neoplasm often shows a typical clinical behavior as well as varied radiological appearances. To confirm the final diagnosis of an osteosarcoma, it is often required to carry out a histopathological examination of the multiple biopsy specimens. Moreover, a vigorous discussion amongst experts is as well required. In light of their aggressive behavior, an early diagnosis is crucial to determine the adequate treatment. Dental professionals may be the first to detect jaw osteosarcomas in their initial stages. This article presents a case of maxillary osteosarcoma in a 45-year-old male patient with important evolution due to delayed diagnosis. It also highlights the importance of CT scan and MRI in the control of tumor progression and in the choice of the adequate treatment.

Space closure is a challenging process in orthodontic therapy. Ability of space closure after extraction requires great skills otherwise can result in relapse.Space closure can be done either by enmasse method or two step retraction method. In severe crowding cases, canine can be individually retracted and the anterior can be allowed to align by themselves without any orthodontic forces. Mullighan’s bypass arch is one such method where these both mechanics can be incorporated. In this case report, Mullighan’s bypass arch was used in lower arch to aid in avoiding the unwanted moment caused by the loop and produces more of a bodily retraction of the canine and at the same time decrowding the anterior teeth.

Background: Prevalence of anxiety and other mental disorders have increased in medical health care workers during the Covid-19 Pandemic. Aim: To assess the anxiety among health care professionals during sampling for COVID-19 and its assessment via RT-PCR technique. Material and methods: A questionnaire based online survey was carried out on 134 health care workers including Dentists, Doctors and Nursing officers. The Questionnaire had demographic details and a set of 11 questions that analyzed the anxiety during various phases of sampling. Results: Out of 134 participants, 61.9% were males and 38.1% were females. The mean age of the participants was¬¬¬¬ 25.34 years. The anxiety among the health care professionals while undergoing sampling for covid-19 via. RT-PCR technique was found to be high. Conclusion: The anxiety among the health care professionals undergoing sampling for Covid-19 with RT-PCR technique was high considering the invasiveness of the nasal, the fear of getting a positive result for COVID and fear of acquiring infection from personnel/patients in the waiting hall. Post vaccination trials can possibly help in evaluating the change in anxiety among the various Health Care Workers (HCW’S) on receiving the COVID report.

Aim: the aim of the study is to evaluate the knowledge and attitude of Riyadh Elm University (REU) dental students and interns towards treatment modalities of bruxism. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional electronic-based questionnaire was administered in Saudi Arabia from February-April 2020. Validation of the survey was made according to principal components analysis. The questionnaire had 19 questions and it was sent electronically to Participants after obtaining the ethical approval from the Ethical Committee in Riyadh Elm University on the 24th or February 2020. Participants included undergraduate dental students in clinical years and interns at Riyadh elm university, Saudi Arabia both genders. A response of 288 participants has been collected. Results: 223 responds were collected, 193 participants were female (86.5%), while 30 (13.5%) were male. The majority of the participants were level 12 students (50.7%), while 19.7% were interns. The most common method of management for awake bruxism stated by participants was relaxation methods, 79.4% followed by splint therapy 40.8%, and pharmacological therapy 35%. However, the most common method of management for sleep bruxism stated by participants was splint therapy 80.3%, followed by relaxation therapy 45.3% and sleep hygiene methods 40.8%. 36.8% of participants have been involved in the treatment of patients with bruxism. However, 78.9 % of practitioners agreed that the occlusal splint used to treat only signs and symptoms of bruxism. Among students who treated patients with bruxism, 53.1% followed up with their patients. Conclusion: There is sufficient knowledge and awareness of REU undergraduate dental students in clinical years and interns about the treatment modalities of bruxism.