Introduction: This study stresses upon the importance of protecting the eyes from chemicals and particulate matter in the atmosphere of our cities and the possible harmful effects this can have on adults and the future generations. Objective: This study endeavors to point out the harmful chemicals and the presence of dangerous particulate matters in the air and the possibility of its effects on the ocular functioning. Study Design: This was a cross sectional study. Setting: This study was carried out in specific areas in Lahore, Pakistan. Time Duration: As it was a cross sectional study so the data was collected in a 12 hour period in various specific areas of Lahore. Method: A purpose built monitoring device was used to take pollutant readings at various sites in Lahore. Result: The levels of PM2.5, PM1 and PM10 were all above the WHO recommended standards in all areas in Lahore. The heaviest concentration was at Data Darbar which is incidentally most crowded area as well. Conclusion: There is heavy and constant exposure to the eyes of these particulate matters especially the fine, PM2.5 chemicals which are highly injurious to the eyes in addition to the lungs, heart and the central nervous system.

Familial multiple lipomatosis is a rare benign fatty tissue disease characterized by the presence of multiple lipomas. The diagnosis is clinically confirmed by ultrasound and computed tomography. The management is surgical. Some locations have aesthetic and psychological repercussions.

The pulmonary tuberculosis is endemic in India, and the incidence of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis (XDR-TB) is also rising. Though the incidence of pulmonary tuberculosis is high in acyanotic congenital heart disease, in Tetralogy of Fallot, which is a low flow condition, this association is infrequent. We report a rare association of extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis and Tetralogy of Fallot in a young adult patient who presented with breathlessness on exertion, hemoptysis and frequent respiratory infections. The patient was successfully managed by bronchial artery embolization, venesections, pulmonary outflow valvuloplasty and regime for Extensively drug-resistant tuberculosis.

Background: We report a rare case in which metastatic choroidal tumor (presented as a total retinal detachment) in one eye and asymptomatic choroidal tumors of the other eye were found to be the initial clinical presentation of breast cancer. Clinical Presentation: We report a case in which a choroidal tumor presented as a total retinal detachment was found to be the initial clinical presentation of breast cancer. Conclusions: The importance of detailed history taking and careful assessment of patients presenting with ocular tumors, in order to accurately detect the primary tumor and decide on the proper treatment is highlighted in this case report.

Introduction: Cassava (Manihot Esculenta) is a staple food in tropical and subtropical regions in Africa, and is the main source of carbohydrate in these regions. Nevertheless, it contains cyanogenic glycosides metabolised to hydrogen cyanide, which has been shown by studies to affect the motor neurons of the central nervous system and causes neurodegenerative disease as konzo. However, the cassava-induced konzo disease and its neurotoxicity in rat model is yet to be explored. Method: 30 Adult female Wistar rats were assigned to 4 experimental groups (i) negative control n=5 (ii) positive control n=5, (iii) konzo-induced group n=15, (iv) protein-treated group n=5. The bitter cassava foods were taken by oral ingestion for a period of 5 weeks. Motor activity was evaluated using forelimb grip strength testing done weekly. RESULTS: There was significant difference in weight and forelimb grip strength between the negative control group and the konzo-induced group p˂0.05. Also, there was distortion of the pyramidal cells in the motor cortex and reduction of alpha cells in the ventral horn of the spinal cord which was not present in the protein treated group. CONCLUSION: Prolonged intake of insufficiently processed bitter cassava roots is associated with impaired motor coordination. Motor neurons are affected by neurological changes and distortion. These neurotoxicity effects of cassava can be ameliorated with consumption of cassava along with sulphur amino acid proteins and vitamins.