India has demonstrated remarkable economic trajectory throughout the twenty-first century, establishing itself as one of the world's fastest-growing major economies. The nation possesses several favorable demographic and economic indicators that augur well for sustained future growth, most notably its youthful working-age population, which represents the largest such demographic globally. However, India presents a compelling paradox in contemporary economic development, wherein the nation maintains its position as the world's fastest-growing major economy with projected GDP growth rates of 7 percent and 6.5 percent for fiscal years 2024-25 and 2025-26 respectively, yet simultaneously confronts significant challenges in employment generation. This study endeavors to examine whether employment growth rates correspond proportionally with GDP expansion, or whether the economy is experiencing the phenomenon of jobless growth. The research methodology encompasses a dual analytical approach: first, investigating the correlation between job creation and GDP growth patterns; second, examining employment trends within selected Public Sector Undertakings (PSUs) in relation to their revenue and profit trajectories through Compound Annual Growth Rate (CAGR) calculations. The empirical findings reveal that India's labour market structure is undergoing fundamental transformation, becoming increasingly dynamic while simultaneously exhibiting tendencies toward informalisation. The period spanning 2011-12 to 2017-18 demonstrates clear evidence of jobless growth patterns within the economy. Particularly noteworthy is the analysis of Maharatna companies, where employment levels have either declined or remained stagnant across most PSUs, despite concurrent increases in their profit margins and revenue streams during the 2014-15 to 2023-24 timeframe, thereby exemplifying the disconnect between economic performance and employment generation.

Cameroon’s legal system rooted in a bijural tradition that fuses civil law and common law influences has undergone a marked transformation in how it governs medical and biomedical conduct through the criminal law. The Penal Code of 2016 (Law No. 2016/007 of 12 July 2016) consolidated and modernized general criminal provisions applicable to medical personnel, including offences of homicide, bodily harm, professional secrecy, failure to render assistance, false certification, and the facilitation of infectious disease transmission. On that general foundation, Cameroon has enacted three landmark pieces of special biomedical legislation between 2022 and 2025: Law No. 2022/008 of 27 April 2022 on medical research involving human subjects; Law No. 2022/014 of 14 July 2022 on medically assisted reproduction (MAR); and Law No. 2025/009 of 15 June 2025 Relating to the Donation, Removal and Transplantation of Human Biological Material in Cameroon. Together, these instruments constitute an increasingly sophisticated and notably punitive architecture of biomedical criminal law. This article seeks to analyze the criminal liability framework applicable to medical personnel and biomedical researchers in Cameroon, examining both the foundational provisions of the Penal Code 2016 and the specific offences created by the three special biomedical statutes, through a doctrinal legal methodology. Our findings revealed that, the Penal Code of 2016 establishes a robust general framework of criminal liability for medical personnel. It is on this basis that we made some salient propositions to that effect.

Background: Complex tibial plateau fractures are severe intra-articular injuries characterized by articular comminution, metaphyseal instability and soft tissue compromise, making surgical management challenging. Ilizarov technique offers stable fixation while preserving fracture biology and minimizing soft tissue trauma. This study aimed to evaluate the radiological and functional outcomes of Schatzker type V and VI tibial plateau fractures managed with Ilizarov external fixation. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the National Institute of Traumatology & Orthopaedic Rehabilitation (NITOR) and in a private hospital in Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January 2018 to December 2024. Thirty adult patients with Schatzker type V or VI tibial plateau fractures treated with Ilizarov external fixation were enrolled. Data on demographics, operative parameters, time to union, radiological alignment, functional outcomes and complications were collected prospectively. Functional evaluation was performed using the knee range of motion and the Knee Society Score at 12 months postoperatively. Results: Thirty patients with complex tibial plateau fractures were included in this study. The majority of patients were aged 30–49 years (56.6%) and males predominated (73.3%). Motor bike accident was the most common mechanism of injury (83.3%). All patients underwent Ilizarov external fixation, with 33.3% requiring additional minimal internal fixation. The mean time to fracture union was 16.8 ± 3.5 weeks. Joint stiffness occurred in 10% of patients. Satisfactory radiological alignment was achieved in 90% of patients. The mean knee range of motion was 115.3 ± 14.7° and the mean Knee Society Score was 84.7 ± 10.2. Superficial pin tract infection occurred in 20% of cases, deep infection in 3.3% and loss of reduction in 3.3%. Conclusion: Ilizarov external fixation is an effective and safe option for complex tibial plateau fractures, providing reliable union, good functional outcomes and minimal serious complications.

Epileptic seizure detection is a critical task in neurological diagnosis, where timely identification can significantly improve patient outcomes. This work presents a hybrid deep learning model that combines Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN) with Bidirectional Long Short-Term Memory (Bi-LSTM) networks for analyzing EEG signals. The CNN component captures spatial characteristics of brain activity, while the Bi-LSTM layer models temporal dependencies in both forward and backward directions. The proposed model is evaluated using the Bonn EEG dataset, achieving an accuracy of 96.09%. The results indicate that the hybrid approach performs better than conventional machine learning techniques such as Support Vector Machines and Random Forests, making it suitable for automated seizure detection systems.

This study investigated the adsorptive removal of selected heavy metals from pharmaceutical wastewater using a zinc oxide/geopolymer (zno/geopolymer) nanocomposite as an efficient adsorbent. The nanocomposite was synthesized and applied for the removal of cd, pb, and fe ions under varying experimental conditions, including contact time, temperature, and adsorbent dosage. The results showed that heavy metal removal efficiency increased with increasing contact time and adsorbent dosage due to the availability of more active adsorption sites. The diffraction peaks observed at 2θ values around 31.7°, 34.4°, 36.2°, 47.5°, 56.6°, 62.8°, 66.3°, 68.0°, 72.5°, and 76.9° correspond to the characteristic crystalline planes of the hexagonal wurtzite zno structure, indicating high crystallinity of the zno phase. The most intense peak at approximately 36.2° is assigned to the (101) plane, suggesting that zno nanoparticles are the dominant crystalline component. The geopolymer shows a broad o–h stretching band around ~3400 cm⁻¹ and an h–o–h bending band near ~1630 cm⁻¹, indicating adsorbed moisture and hydroxyl groups. Its main structural band appears between 1000–1100 cm⁻¹, corresponding to asymmetric si–o–t (t = si or al) stretching, along with symmetric stretching (800–700 cm⁻¹) and si–o–si bending (600–450 cm⁻¹). The zno nanoparticles display a characteristic zn–o stretching vibration around ~430–450 cm⁻¹. Isotherm studies revealed that the adsorption process fitted well with the langmuir and freundlich models, suggesting both monolayer and heterogeneous surface adsorption mechanisms. Kinetic investigations indicated that the adsorption followed pseudo-second-order kinetics, implying that chemisorption was the dominant mechanism controlling the adsorption process. The zno/geopolymer nanocomposite exhibited high adsorption capacity, stability, and reusability due to its porous structure and large surface area. The findings demonstrate that zno/geopolymer nanocomposites are promising, cost-effective, and environmentally sustainable materials for the treatment of pharmaceutical wastewater contaminated with toxic heavy metals.

The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria has become a major global health concern due to the reduced effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. The present study evaluated the synergistic antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica (neem) bark extract combined with Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizome extract against selected multidrug resistant bacterial isolates. Ethanolic extracts of neem bark and turmeric rhizome were prepared and tested individually as well as in combination (1:1 ratio) using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Chloramphenicol was used as the positive control, while ethanol served as the negative control. The combined extract demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the individual extracts, indicating a synergistic effect between neem and turmeric. Maximum inhibition was observed against S. aureus (20 mm), followed by B. cereus (18 mm), E. coli (10 mm), and P. aeruginosa (8 mm). Individual extracts showed comparatively lower inhibition zones. The results suggest that the synergistic interaction of phytochemicals such as curcumin, flavonoids, tannins, and azadirachtin may contribute to the improved antibacterial effect. This study highlights the potential of combined medicinal plant extracts as natural alternative antimicrobial agents against multidrug resistant pathogens.

The emergence of multidrug resistant (MDR) bacteria has become a major global health concern due to the reduced effectiveness of conventional antibiotics. The present study evaluated the synergistic antibacterial activity of Azadirachta indica (neem) bark extract combined with Curcuma longa (turmeric) rhizome extract against selected multidrug resistant bacterial isolates. Ethanolic extracts of neem bark and turmeric rhizome were prepared and tested individually as well as in combination (1:1 ratio) using the disc diffusion method on Mueller-Hinton agar. The antibacterial activity was assessed against Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus cereus, and Staphylococcus aureus. Chloramphenicol was used as the positive control, while ethanol served as the negative control. The combined extract demonstrated enhanced antibacterial activity compared to the individual extracts, indicating a synergistic effect between neem and turmeric. Maximum inhibition was observed against S. aureus (20 mm), followed by B. cereus (18 mm), E. coli (10 mm), and P. aeruginosa (8 mm). Individual extracts showed comparatively lower inhibition zones. The results suggest that the synergistic interaction of phytochemicals such as curcumin, flavonoids, tannins, and azadirachtin may contribute to the improved antibacterial effect. This study highlights the potential of combined medicinal plant extracts as natural alternative antimicrobial agents against multidrug resistant pathogens.