The challenges of unmonitored or partial usage of solar power for cooperate firms that generate this power has motivated the need for this research to develop a smart system to monitor and control the varying parameters of PV systems. Voltage, current and temperature sensors were used to monitor the energy generated, consumed, stored and losses that are connected to the system. This system was able to monitor radiations from the sun and temperatures of the PV modules. Also, with the aid of programmable microcontrollers, ECUs and routers, gathered information was transmitted real-time for a specified period. Results were displayed in digital values using graphs and. transmitted to the internet with aid of dedicated servers. This system senses slightest variations on variables, captures any anomaly and transmits prompt results via text message / internet. It is recommended that microchips’ Internet of Things (IOT) board should be utilized in future monitoring due to its shorter deployment time and encrypted transmission of data. Moreso, cooperate bodies and individuals investing on PV systems in terms of security should be supported fully most especially by the government and renewable energy policies as practiced in developed nations should be emulated by developing and underdeveloped nations.

Currently, one of the most efficient and cleanest forms of renewable energy source for effective power generation is Photovoltaic (PV) source. It is because of its cheapness, almost free maintenance cost, friendliness to the environment etc. However tracking the sun energy with the solar panels for effective utilization of its energy still pose a major challenge to researchers. Hence tracking these energy is very important. The paper is on simulation of MPPT using P&O and INC methods. Mathematical model of 100KW PV system was developed using Matlab M-file. Both models were designed and simulated using MATLAB/SIMULINK. It is shown that PV system output power increases with rise in solar irradiation and in lower cell temperature. Therefore, solar cell performs better in warm environment than cold environment. The P&O gives the best duty cycle as compared to constant time interval control in getting the PV system’s highest power and the INC method extract a high maximum power than P&O. Both popular MPPT methods were used in the simulation which was controlled by the signal builder and the results displayed. It was observed that INC MPPT has better performance than P&O algorithm. The voltage obtained from the panel system is increased by the DC-DC boost circuit with a load resistance connected to it. It is recommended that the MPPT The system should consist of fractional, three-point, temperature-based MPPT for more effective and improved comparison. Moreso the perturb and observed method should be improved on by varying of the irradiance to maintain an increase constant voltage.

Efficient and increased development of gaseous fuel as a complementary energy source requires a proper understanding of gas flow through pipeline networks and the required solution methods. This paper presents a comparative analysis of flowrate in loop gas pipeline systems using the Hardy Cross iterative method and Pipe 2016 (KYPIPE) computer program. A simple network model with four nodes, five pipe legs and two loops was manually analyzed based on the Hardy Cross procedure using Excel spreadsheet while comparing the effect of friction factors obtained from Moody’s chart, Colebrook’s implicit equation and Jain’s explicit equation on the result obtained from the Hardy Cross method. The accuracy of the result was validated by running a single period flow analysis on Pipe 2016 with the same network. Upon completion, a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) test was used to compare the four results while a T-test was used to double-check the three results obtained from the various friction factors based on Hardy Cross individually against the software’s result. Although, the mean plot showed that values obtained from Moody’s Chart and Colebrook’s equation compared more accurately with the software, the AVONA and T-test set at 5% significant level shows that no statistically significant difference exist between the results; making all friction factors suitable for use in gas pipeline flow analysis.

Plant shutdown also known as “turnarounds”, is one of the most critical period in the oil gas refineries in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. Shutdowns have the ability to affect the plant’s financial future and commitments either in positive or negative way. A heat exchanger is crucial and important equipment in the oil gas refineries used for various processes and heat transfers. It also affects the duration of plant turnaround. When the operation of the plant starts the after turnaround, a failed heat exchanger within short duration of normal plant operation even though warranty of contractor exists, can create major loss in terms of money due to reduced downtime or production loss. Heat exchangers are subjected to different repairs including partial or full retubing by various methods or by simple plugging. Heat exchanger repair during the turnaround helps to reduce the down time loss (repair) of heat exchanger and will ensure the integrity for smooth running of plant. After studying the retubing of more than 75 heat exchangers, standardized procedure was incorporated to satisfy all the standard codes like ASME, TEMA, SAES, SES, NBIC and all the end users like Aramco, Sabic & its affiliates.

In 2015, the scandal on Facebook and Cambridge Analytica Ltd, a British political consulting firm - subsidiary of the SCL Group, shook the international public opinion on digital privacy. The subject has attracted scholar attention, after 87 million mostly Facebook users worldwide, had their personal information under suspicion of data misappropriation, for political influence. In spite of the investigations conducted, a puzzling question remains: does digital privacy really exist? This article investigated the event and the role of the companies involved. Key findings point out that the sharing of personal identifiable information is a structured business model, with a vast ecosystem of providers and consumers. The article threw more light on digital privacy, and ultimately brought a full set of recommendations on data protection.

This paper applied polynomial displacement functions for free-vibration study of isotropic thick rectangular plates. The theory uses a third-order polynomial to describe how the transverse shear stress varies across the thickness of the plate and has no need for a shear correction factor. Polynomial expressions were used as the displacement functions (u, v and w) and also as shear deformation function f(z) in obtaining the general governing equations for the plate. For numerical illustrations, a thick rectangular plate whose four edges have simple supports (SSSS) was studied. The requirements for the edge conditions of the simply supported plate were satisfied and used in solving the general governing equation. This resulted to a linear equation used to generate for the plate, the non-dimensional fundamental natural frequency parameters for any value of span-thickness relation (a/t) and in-plane relation (b/a). To validate this study, results obtained herein were compared with related previous works in literature.

The utility of Artificial Intelligence (AI) to design is mainly concerned with trying to make systems smarter through getting to know how to enable them to represent and control the real global understanding. It is likewise about contemplating studying how designers observe human intelligence to design, and with looking to make computer aids to design greater knowledgeable. Presently the principle topics inside the utility of Artificial Intelligence are to discover the formal illustration of the layout information, and additionally to expand strategies for reasoning with or applying this expertise. Computers have historically been capable of cope with the application of the legal guidelines of science, expressed in mathematical techniques. Artificial Intelligence (AI) mainly permits illustration of heuristic (or rule based) understanding this is less effortless or simple to explicit the use of mathematical methods. This, a part of artificial intelligence is in particular concerned with the development of such representations is called professional structures or more typically information based totally systems. This paper covers the various steps and ideas involved in adding synthetic Intelligence to the layout of mechanical structures. In this paper, a broad audit with respect to the uses of the Artificial Intelligence, in conjunction with its connection between the mechanical building for the method of mechanical imperfections identification and design layout configuration is proposed. This paper accommodates the précis or synopsis related to the precise utilizations of Artificial Intelligence in the field of mechanical Eng. Several applications, like errors identification, Analytic indicative Framework machine, mechanical shape and structure investigation, and mechanical layout plan are notably inspected. This study uncovers that the Artificial Intelligence based smart system is broadly utilized generally in the total mechanical Engineering designing area. This paper likewise presumes that the Mechanical Engineering and designing field can be effectively combined with different other Artificial Intelligence based innovation era to make it progressively successful to improve in the mechanical framework.

Oil Exploration in Nigeria has contributed greatly towards pollution of the environment especially in the Niger Delta region of the country where most of the oil wells are located. In the process of their operations which include; drilling, refining transportation etc., oil spillage occurs which pollutes land, air and water bodies. This results to the release of dangerous gases into the air. Properties of soils in the contaminated areas are highly affected leading to poor agricultural produce and alteration of geotechnical properties of soils which may adversely affect engineering construction works. This research work examines the effect of crude oil pollution on the geotechnical properties of clay soil. The clay soil was obtained from Engenni Ahoada L.G.A of Rivers, Nigeria. Soil samples were collected at a depth of approximately 2 meters below the ground surface and artificially polluted with crude oil in the ratio of 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, 10%, 12%, and 14% of the dry weight of the soil. The samples were further subjected to various laboratory soil tests to determine their geotechnical properties. The results shows LL, PL, and PI increased from 31%, 20% and 11% at 0% contamination to 56%, 41% and 11% at 14%contamination. SPGR, BD, and MDD decreased from 2.48, 1.33g/cm3 and 1.74g/cm3 at 0% contamination to 1.14, 0.97g/cm3 and 1.35g/cm3 at 14% contamination. OMC increased from 15% at 0% contamination to 16.5% at 14% contamination. Thus, crude oil pollution affects the geotechnical properties of soil greatly.