Fruits are medicinal and also contain essential phytonutrients that gives the fruits potency that keeps the body healthy. The aim of the study is to ascertain the Effects of Smoothies (banana, apple and pineapple) on Oxidative Stress Markers following administration of monosodium glutamate in Male Wistar Rats. Thirty (30) animals weighing 130kg to 180kg were randomly selected into 6 groups with 5 animals per group. Group 1 received 5mls of distilled water, group 2 received 1ml/kg (low dose) of smoothies, group 3 received 2ml/kg (medium dose), group 4 received 3ml/kg (high dose), group 5 received 400mg/kg of monosodium glutamate, group 6 received 400mg/kg of monosodium glutamate and 3ml/kg (high dose) of smoothies co-administered. Administration was carried out for 14 days and on the 15th day, the animals were sacrificed, semen was harvested and 5ml blood was collected via cardiac puncture. Statistical analysis was done using ANOVA and expressed as Mean±SEM. Statistically P < 0.05 was said to be significant. SPSS version 26 was used. The results showed significant increase in SOD in the group that was administered smoothies (high dose) and decrease in the group that was administered 400mg of monosodium glutamate (MSG). MDA increases in the groups that was administered MSG alone and when co-administered with smoothies (high dose). MDA also decreases in the groups given medium and high dose smoothies. Catalase decrease in the group that was given MSG alone. Gluthione increases in the groups that was given medium and high dose smoothies and decrease in the group that was given MSG only.

Weak erection among male are on the increased and caused psychological trauma to male and also to their female counterpart who could not get satisfaction from their partners during sexual intercourse and it is a disturbing act Majority of the males facing weak erection pass through several degrees of psychological trauma that have affected their biopsychological system including their cognitive response. The aim of the study is to evaluate The Psychological Effects Arising from Weak Erection Among males in South-South, Nigeria. This was a cross-sectional study involving 480 males who were within the age of 18 to 47 years. A well-structured questionnaire was administered to participants. Each participant had one questionnaire to fill appropriately and independently after instructions were given to them by the Research Assistants. The study lasted for a period of 3 months. The results of this study showed that participants faced varieties of psychological complications due to erectile dysfunction and these include depression (83.3%), shame (83.3%), isolation (60.4%), negative self-esteem (83.3%), (2.08%) said they could not approach ladies of their choice, (83.3%) felt embarrassed, (79.2%) thought deeply and (72.92%) said they could not coordinate themselves. The statistical analysis was carried out using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 23.

Present communication deals with the Ethnomedicinal practices for treating different ailments of mankind. The present study comprises a total of 44 no of ethno-medicinal formulae which provides information in detail on the therapeutic values of 29 plant species belonging to 27 genera and 21 families and covering 32 number of different ailments. Information on botanical details, method of preparation, administration of plant formulations, dosages and other details are presented herein. This data would aid as baseline information for investigators working on ethnobotany and ethnomedicine.

Introduction: Cancer results from an anarchic proliferation of abnormal cells of the mammary gland and is the most common cancer in women in developed countries with 50,000 new cases in 2008. Objectives: The aim of our work was to describe the sociodemographic characteristics of patients, to determine the different sites and the frequency of metastases; and to describe the CT and histological aspects in the diagnosis of extension, therapy and assessment. Methods: Our study was retrospective descriptive over a period of 12 months from January 2020 to December 2020 in the radiology and medical oncology department of CHUME Luxembourg. It concerned all patients with histologically confirmed cancer who had undergone a scan before, during treatment or during therapeutic monitoring. The examinations were carried out with a HITACHI SUPRIA 16 BARRETTES CT scanner installed in 2015. Results: During the period of our study, the frequency of breast cancer was 10.7% (130 cases) out of 1204 scans carried out with a female predominance of 98%, an average age of 52 years and extremes of 12 to 90 years. The main metastases were: pulmonary (59%), followed by lymph node metastases (66%), bone (51%), liver (29%) and brain (2%). The association of pulmonary, lymph node, liver and bone metastasis represented 27% of the most frequent associations. As for the histological aspect, non-specific invasive carcinoma grade II SBR and TNM was the most frequent.

Background: Non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy is the most common acute optic neuropathy in patients older than 50 years. Risk factors for NAION are structural crowding of disc, diabetes, systemic hypertension, hyperlipidaemia, smoking. Patients present with sudden monocular vision loss, dyschromatopsia, visual field defect, disc edema diffuse or segmental. Objectives: To evaluate risk of non arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy after routine treatment. Method: This Longitudinal observational study was carried out from January 2016 to June 2016 at Department of Neuro-Ophthalmology, National Institute of Ophthalmology & Hospital, Sher -E-Bangla Nagar, Dhaka among Sixty cases. Detailed information were obtained in each cases according to protocol. A complete history was taken from the patient. Relevant investigation reports were collected. Selected patients were undergone detailed ophthalmological and systemic evaluation. They were treated at NIO&H with following measure like proper counseling, controlling of risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and were advised to take tablet vitamin B1, B6 & B12. They were followed up at 1st week, 4th week & 8th week. In each visit visual acuity, color vision, field of vision, RAPD & optic disc changes were recorded in a pre- designed data collection sheet. All the information’s were recorded according to fixed protocol. Results: Among the 60 cases, mean age was 55.67 (±4.89) years, minimum age was 51 and maximum age 69 years. Majority 32(53.3%) were male and 28(46.67%) were female. Associated risk factor like diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidaemia and sleep apnea which were 53.3%, 36.67%, 30% and 13.3% respectively. Different disc changes of the study population were segmental disc swelling 36(60%) and diffuse disc swelling 24(40%) respectively. Regarding distant visual acuity patients were grouped into 6/6 to 6/12 group, 6/18-6/36 group, 6/60- 1/60 group and counting finger to hand movement group. At presentation most of the patient belongs to 6/6- 6/12 group which was 26(43.33%) followed by 6/18-6/36 group, it was 18(30%), 10(16.67%) were included in (6/60-1/60) group and the rest 06(10%) were included in counting finger to hand movement group. At final visit on 8th week 20(35.7%) patients remain in 6/6-6/12 group and also 6/18-6/36 group includes 20(35.7%) patients, 10(16.67%) were included in (6/60-1/60) group and the rest 06(10%) were included in counting finger to hand movement group. RAPD present in pretreatment 52(86.7%) and in post treatment were 46(82.14%). (p>0.05) that was not statistically significant. Color vision dyschromatopsia in pretreatment 46(76.7%) and in post treatment were 37(60%). In post treatment 06(10.71%) were normal color vision. (p<0.5) that was statistically significant. ocular involvement 52(86.67%) were 1st eye and 08(13.3%) were 2nd eye. Comparison of pre-treatment and post treatment visual field were Arcuate scotoma 12(20%) vs 09(16.07%), Inferior Altitudinal field defect 32(53.33%) vs 31(57.14%), Superior Altitudinal field defect 02(3.3%) vs 02(3.57%) respectively. Conclusion: In study no significant change found on visual acuity, colour vision and field of vision after treatment of non-arteritic anterior ischemic optic neuropathy.

Background: Optic Disc Drusen (ODD) are calcified deposits in the optic nerve head and may be implicated in Nonarteritic Anterior Ischemic Optic Neuropathy (NAION), particularly in younger patients. NAION typically affects older individuals but is occasionally seen in younger populations, where ODD may contribute to its pathogenesis. In regions like Bangladesh, the prevalence of ODD in younger NAION patients is underreported, making it essential to explore this association further. Objective: To assess the prevalence of ODD in young patients diagnosed with NAION in Bangladesh and explore its clinical significance. Methods: This retrospective study reviewed medical records from two tertiary care centers in Bangladesh over a 10-year period (2009–2019). Patients aged 18–50 diagnosed with NAION were included, and the presence of ODD was determined using various imaging modalities such as enhanced-depth imaging optical coherence tomography (EDI-OCT), fundus autofluorescence (FAF), computed tomography (CT), and ultrasound (US). The prevalence of ODD in NAION-affected eyes was calculated, and statistical analyses compared the presence of ODD with patient demographics and NAION characteristics. Results: ODD was detected in 53.3% of NAION-affected eyes and 56.7% of young NAION patients. EDI-OCT showed the highest sensitivity (54.2% detection in eyes and 58.3% in patients). Most ODD were bilateral (95.2%), with 20% of these patients also presenting with bilateral NAION. There was no significant difference in sex or age of onset between patients with and without ODD. Conclusion: The study reveals a high prevalence of ODD in young NAION patients in Bangladesh, suggesting a strong association between ODD and NAION in this demographic. The results emphasize the importance of using advanced imaging modalities like EDI-OCT for accurate diagnosis. Future research should investigate whether ODD is an independent risk factor for NAION in young patients.

Plant growth, productivity, and quality are all impacted by environmental factors such as abiotic stress and limited soil nutrients. Low phosphorus availability is a prevalent soil-related abiotic stress in both natural and agricultural ecosystems. Most mineral elements are absorbed by the action of nutrient-absorption proteins in plants. The absorption of nitrate ions by the root is regulated by high-affinity transport system. Soil may be supplemented with organic matter from several sources. The biochar is thought to have the potential to be a long-term carbon sink capacity. Carbon sequestration is an essential component of regenerative agriculture that helps to slow down global warming. Under these demanding circumstances, NPs can aid in protecting the photosynthetic machinery and enhancing photosynthesis. Certain nanoparticles, such cerium oxide and TiO2 nanoparticles, shield the photosynthetic apparatus from oxidative damage. Prolonged dryness has also been shown to impair root development, stomatal opening, leaf size, leaf water potential, and seed quantity, size, and tolerance, which prevents flowering and fruiting and lowers crop yield. By altering the availability and plant absorption of fertilizer nutrients in the soil, engineered nanomaterials can increase crop production. By directly acting on phytopathogens through the formation of reactive oxygen species, these can limit crop illnesses.

Morinda citrifolia is an herbal medicine that is used for disease treatment as recommended in traditional medicine. The present study aimed to characterize silver nanoparticles from Noni seed. In this experimental study, green synthesis was carried out then the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using SEM, EDX, TEM and FTIR. Findings showed that SEM images of the AgNPs of different shapes were obtained in the case of different seed extracts being used as reducing and capping agents. Seed extract formed approximately spherical, triangular, and cuboidal AgNPs, respectively. Elemental mapping of AgNPs by SEM-EDX shows the presence of 0.31% Ag and 40% oxides with 39% Carbon and other elements in trace amounts. TEM image demonstrates that the AgNPs were spherical. The image shows agglomerates of small grains and some dispersed nanoparticles, confirming the results obtained by SEM. FTIR result reveals the assignment of functional groups to 19 FTIR bands (690-3833 cm 1). Bands were categorized based on possible functional group classes (alkene, aromatic, alcohol/phenol/ether, amine, etc.). Specific functional groups like alkenes, conjugated alkenes, ketones, aldehydes, nitriles, alkynes, and carboxylic acids were identified based on characteristic wavenumbers. The study presents a green synthesis approach to prepare silver nanoparticles using Noni seed extract. Reduction of silver nitrate with Noni seed extract is a simple, conducted at room temperature, efficient, and clean method to synthesize silver nanostructures.

Bullous lesions may be due to various causes, including bullous pemphigoid, pemphigus vulgaris, linear IgA disease, connective tissue disorders, and other rare vesico-bullous skin diseases. Though histopathology can help narrow down possible diagnoses, direct immunofluorescence is required for a definite diagnosis based on positivity patterns of different immunoglobulins. In this study, 47 cases of clinically suspected immune mediated vesiculo-bullous diseases (IMVBD) were confirmed with histopathology. Females were more commonly affected and the age range was from 10 to 93 years. Among these cases, 23 were diagnosed as pemphigus vulgaris, l6 as bullous pemphigoid, 3 each as pemphigus foliaceus and linear IgA disease. DIF, including testing for c1q, was instrumental for the diagnosis of the disease in order for the patient to get appropriate treatment.

Introduction: Suicide remains a significant public health concern globally, with its prevalence reflecting complex interactions among various factors such as age, gender, socio-economic status, and profession. This study aimed to assess the patterns of suicide attempts, focusing on age, gender, socio-economic status, and profession. Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of psychiatry, Sheikh Hasina Medical college, Jamalpur, Bangladesh during the period from January 2018 to December 2018. All patients with suicide attempts admitted in the different wards of Community-Based Medical College, Mymensingh, and fulfilling the inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected as a sample for the study. A total of 90 patients were selected as study subjects by purposive sampling technique. Data analysis was done by SPSS (Statistical Package for Social Sciences) version 20. Result: The study revealed that the majority of suicide attempts occurred in the 21-30 years age group (52%), with middle-class individuals contributing the highest number (47.8%) of attempts. Unmarried individuals, particularly females, had the most attempts (58%), while students accounted for the largest percentage of suicide attempts by profession (38%), primarily in the 11-21 years age group. Rural residents had more attempts (70%) compared to urban residents (30%), and individuals from joint families (66%) were more likely to attempt suicide than those from nuclear families (34%). Conclusion: Young adults (21-30 years) and adolescents (11-21 years) are the most vulnerable age groups, with suicide attempts being notably higher among unmarried individuals and those from middle socio-economic backgrounds. Females exhibit a higher rate of attempts than males, especially among the unmarried. Professionally, students and unemployed individuals are particularly at risk.

Fibroadenoma is a benign breast tumor common in young women, affecting their daily life. Modern medicine often recommends surgical intervention, which can have physical and emotional consequences. The study explores alternative treatments through Ayurveda, which offers non-invasive and cost-effective options. This study investigates the comparative efficacy of Kanchnar Guggulu and Cystogrit Diamond in the management of Stanagranthi (Fibroadenoma breast). Sixty patients were randomly divided into two groups: Group A (treated with Kanchnar Guggulu) and Group B (treated with Cystogrit Diamond). The study assessed subjective (pain, consistency) and objective (size, number of lumps) parameters before and after a 90-day treatment period. The study aims to provide a safe, effective alternative to surgery for managing fibroadenoma, with Ayurveda offering promising non-invasive treatments. Results showed a significant reduction in pain for both groups, with Group B demonstrating a 93.24% improvement compared to Group A's 83.93%. In terms of lump size reduction, Group B also outperformed Group A, with a 42.86% decrease versus 29.85%, respectively. The average effect on consistency was higher in Group B (31.58%) compared to Group A (25%). The findings suggest that Cystogrit Diamond is more effective than Kanchnar Guggulu in managing Stanagranthi, providing a potential non-invasive, cost-effective alternative to surgery for fibroadenoma patients.

Introduction: Gestational thrombocytopenia, a common hematological disorder in pregnancy, poses risks to both maternal and neonatal health. This study aims to evaluate the fetomaternal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by gestational thrombocytopenia compared to those with normal platelet counts. Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted over 12 months at Jalalabad Ragib-Rabeya Medical college hospital sylhet Bangladesh. It included 100 pregnant women diagnosed with gestational thrombocytopenia (platelet count <150,000/µL after 20 weeks of gestation) and 100 matched controls with normal platelet counts. Maternal data included demographic information, obstetric and medical history, mode of delivery, incidence of pre-eclampsia, postpartum hemorrhage, and need for platelet transfusions. Fetal outcomes assessed were birth weight, Apgar scores, preterm birth rates, NICU admissions, and neonatal thrombocytopenia. Data were analyzed using t-tests for continuous variables and chi-square tests for categorical variables, with multivariate logistic regression to identify predictors of adverse outcomes. Result: The gestational thrombocytopenia group showed higher, though not statistically significant, rates of cesarean delivery (30% vs. 25%, p=0.453), pre-eclampsia (15% vs. 12%, p=0.540), and postpartum hemorrhage (18% vs. 10%, p=0.110). Platelet transfusions were required more frequently in the gestational thrombocytopenia group (8% vs. 2%, p=0.052). Fetal outcomes revealed lower mean birth weight (2950g vs. 3050g, p=0.145), higher preterm birth rates (14% vs. 10%, p=0.371), and more NICU admissions (20% vs. 12%, p=0.132) in the gestational thrombocytopenia group. Notably, neonatal thrombocytopenia was significantly more prevalent in the gestational thrombocytopenia group (10% vs. 2%, p=0.017). Conclusion: Gestational thrombocytopenia is associated with increased risks of certain maternal and neonatal complications. Vigilant monitoring and management are essential to improve outcomes in affected pregnancies. Further research is needed to develop targeted interventions and improve antenatal care practices.

Teachers spend lengthy periods of their lifetime in school work environments and their satisfaction in the job has crucially far-reaching implications. Besides making them feel good about themselves, job satisfaction draws on teachers’ well-being as satisfied teachers are less susceptible to leaving their positions. The aim of this paper was to evaluate teachers’ job satisfaction as a teachers’ turnover factor in influencing learning achievement in Biology in public secondary schools in Garissa County. Guided by Becker’s Human Capital Theory of Occupational Choice, the study was driven by a philosophical paradigm borrowed from the Pragmatic Worldview and adopted a convergent mixed-methods research design. The study targeted 2786 respondents comprising 2691 form three students and 95 Biology teachers from 40 public secondary schools from which 27 schools were picked through stratified random sampling. The sample size constituted 336 form three students and 51 Biology teachers obtained through simple random and purposive sampling respectively. Questionnaire and document analysis guide were used in data collection. Both descriptive and inferential statistics using Pearson Product Moment Correlation and Linear Regression were done. The study established that job satisfaction (r=0.67, p<0.05) had a positive significant correlation with learning achievement in Biology. The study therefore concluded that, teachers’ job satisfaction influenced learning achievement in Biology in public secondary schools in Garissa County. The study recommended strategies that should lower teacher turnover and increase learning achievement in Biology thus; re-visit salary schemes for teachers to ensure they re-visit salary schemes for teachers in public secondary schools to ensure teachers are well paid besides are well paid, teacher promotions should be streamlined and staff development opportunities enhanced.

This study investigated psycho-social predictors of parental involvement in the academic activities of junior secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis. The study was guided by four research questions and their corresponding null hypotheses. The design for the study was correlational research design. The population of the study consisted of 16,835 parents of 24,343 JSS3 students (Source: School Board, 2024) from 278 public secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis (Post Primary Education Board, 2024). A sample of 689 parents who are alive and can read and write, as reported by their children (The JSS3 students) was used for the study. Multi-stage sampling procedure was used in drawing the sample. Four instruments were used for the study. They are, Self-efficacy Scale (SES), Locus of Control Scale (LCS) Family Conflict Scale (FCS) and Parental Involvement Scale (PIS). The validity of the instruments were done by two experts in Educational Psychology. To ensure the reliability of the instruments Cronbach alpha () technique was used. The alpha coefficients of 0.75, 0.82, 0.67 and 0.76 were obtained for family conflict, self-efficacy, locus of control and parental involvement scale respectively. Multiple regression, simple regression and ANOVA were used for data analysis. Research questions 1 and 3 were answered using simple regression, research question 2 and 4 were answered using multiple regression. Hypotheses I and 3 were tested using ANOVA associated with simple regression while hypotheses 2 and 4 were tested using ANOVA associated with multiple regression. All analyses were done at 0.05 alpha level. Results revealed among others that self-efficacy did not significantly predict parental involvement in the academic activities of junior secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis while locus of control and family conflict significantly predicted parental involvement in the academic activities of junior secondary school students in Port Harcourt Metropolis. It was recommended amongst others that parents should always make effort to exhibit internal locus of control as this will help them get better involved in the academic activities of their children.

The ACE2 (Angiotensin I Converting Enzyme 2) receptor has been considered to be the major receptor of 2019-nCOV, the causative pathogen of the world wide prevailing COVID-19. Since, ACE2 is widely expressed across a variety of organs and moderately expressed in lungs, it raises a confusion about what makes the lung tissue the most infected in the Corona Virus Disease. Thus we hypothesized that there could be certain other genes playing key roles in the entry of 2019-nCOV into the human cells. Here, we found that PRCP (prolyl-carboxypeptidase) which is highly expressed in lungs than ACE2, has interactions with Bradykinin and has been proved as a potential target for obesity, could be a possible gene playing important role in the Corona Virus entry. In this study we have tried to dock the PCRP protein with two ligands [Epigallocatechin and Theaflavin] which could possibly reduce the effect of this protein.