The purpose of this study is to analyze and find the weaknesses in regulations on the criminal sanction system for personal data protection in Indonesia and how to reconstruct regulations on the criminal sanction system for personal data protection based on the value of justice using constructivism paradigm with a socio-legal research approach method to solve research problems by examining secondary data and primary data by finding the legal reality experienced in the field and qualitative descriptive methods, where later the data will be presented descriptively. The result shows that the protection is weak, because there is incomplete law in Article 12 of the Personal Data Protection Law. This results in uncertainty in the aspect of law enforcement, especially in Article 67 and Article 68 in terms of imposing compensation when there is a failure to protect personal data, added with the inequality in the formulation of sanctions that can be applied to the public and private sectors, legal culture, namely digital literacy in society is still low, so that many individuals do not fully understand the importance of personal data protection and its implications in the digital environment. Therefore, the Legal Reconstruction proposed by the author is carried out on the addition of one paragraph to Article 67 paragraph (4) which contains the Provisions as referred to in paragraph (1), paragraph (2) and paragraph (3). the judge is obliged to determine the amount of compensation payment. Reconstruction is also carried out in Article 68 so that it becomes paragraph (2) The provisions as referred to in paragraph (1) the judge is obliged to determine the amount of compensation payments.

Introduction: Worldwide, the demand for blood exceeds the supply. Transfusion services face the constant challenge of providing sufficient supplies of quality blood products. The objective of this study was to analyze this gap between demand and supply in the Obstetrics service. Methodology: this is a prospective cross-sectional study carried out in the maternity ward of the Niono district hospital during the 1st semester of 2020. The study population was composed of patients admitted with an obstetric complication requiring a transfusion request not made or partially satisfied. Results: 125/196 patients (63.78%) had a blood request that was unmet or partially met. 220/588 units of blood requested were not served; or 37%. These unmet needs concerned patients who were mainly housewives (98%), unschooled in 87% and residing in rural areas in 89% of cases. 85% of patients had a hemoglobin level below 7g/dl before the blood transfusion. Out of stock was the reason for unmet requests in 88% of cases. 2 cases of death were recorded among the 125 patients, a rate of 1.6%.

Amenorrhea in a woman of reproductive age can be sporadic, temporary or permanent. It can result from lesion affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis, uterus and vagina. A woman is said to have primary amenorrhoea if she fails to attain menarche at the age of fifteen or at thirteen years without evidence of secondary sexual characteristics. The causes of primary amenorrhoea are broadly classified into constitutional delay, anatomical causes such as Mayer-Rokitansky-Küster-Hauser (MRKH) or genetic causes (gonadal dysgenesis) and other physiological causes including isolated deficiency of gonadotropin releasing hormone. MRKH (Mullerian agenesis) is a rare syndromic disorder that usually occurs when there is agenesis or hypoplasia of the paramesonephric ducts (the precursor for the development of the uterus, fallopian tubes and upper two-third of the vagina). We report on a case of a 22-year-old undergraduate with primary amenorrhoea and subsequent diagnosis of MRKH.

Gas flaring and illegal refining in Nigeria’s Niger Delta region contribute significantly to environmental pollution, public health crises, and economic losses. These activities release particulate matter (PM₂.₅, PM₁₀), volatile organic compounds (VOCs), nitrogen oxides (NO), sulfur dioxide (SO₂), carbon monoxide (CO), heavy metals, and dioxins, which have been linked to cardiovascular diseases, respiratory disorders, neurological impairments, and adverse reproductive outcomes. Studies conducted in Rivers, Bayelsa, and Delta States reveal that pollutant levels exceed WHO-recommended safety limits by over 400%, correlating with increased risks of hypertension, myocardial infarction, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), neurotoxicity, and adverse pregnancy outcomes (Ehumadu, Uyigue, & Ndekwu, 2021). The economic burden of gas flaring is estimated at $7.4 billion annually due to healthcare costs, lost productivity, and environmental damage (World Bank, 2022). This paper integrates air quality data, pathophysiological mechanisms, and epidemiological evidence to assess health risks.

Background: The postpartum period involves significant physiological changes requiring optimal nutrition and hydration. In African communities, Xylopia aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera traditionally support maternal recovery. Despite their widespread use, scientific validation of their effects on food intake, water consumption, and weight regulation remains limited. This study assessed the effects of Xylopia aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera on food intake, water intake, and weight changes in Wistar rats. Methods: Twenty-four female Wistar rats (87–103 g) were randomised into four groups (n = 6): control (standard rat chow), X. aethiopica (100 mg/kg extract), T. tetraptera (100 mg/kg extract), and a combined group (50 mg/kg of each extract). Food and water intake were recorded daily for 14 days, while body weights were measured at baseline and Day 14. Data were analysed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey’s post hoc tests (p<0.05). Results: All treatment groups demonstrated significantly higher food and water intake than controls, with the X. aethiopica group having the highest intake (food: 95.3 g/day; water: 91.57 ml/day). Weight changes were minimal and statistically insignificant. Conclusion: Xylopia aethiopica and Tetrapleura tetraptera significantly enhance food and water intake without causing excessive weight gain.

Machine learning (ML) has revolutionized predictive healthcare by enhancing early detection, diagnosis, and management of chronic diseases. This study presents a comparative analysis of ML algorithms for diabetes management and breast cancer detection. The research evaluates the effectiveness of Random Forest, Logistic Regression, Support Vector Machines (SVM), Decision Trees, and Linear Regression in predicting patient outcomes. The diabetes dataset includes medical and demographic factors such as age, BMI, HbA1c levels, and glucose levels. In contrast, the breast cancer dataset comprises tumor-related attributes like clump thickness, uniformity of cell size, and marginal adhesion. The results indicate that Random Forest consistently achieves the highest accuracy across both use cases, demonstrating its robustness in handling complex medical datasets. For diabetes prediction, Random Forest outperformed other models with an accuracy of 90.78%, while breast cancer detection achieved a classification accuracy of 96.50%. Logistic Regression and SVM also showed promising results but were less effective in handling non-linear relationships and high-dimensional data. While interpretable, decision Trees and Linear Regression required more extensive datasets to achieve comparable accuracy. This research highlights the potential of machine learning (ML) to enhance public health and lower healthcare costs through early diagnosis and personalized treatment. By integrating predictive models into clinical workflows like Electronic Health Records (EHRs), timely interventions and better resource allocation can be achieved, improving patient outcomes.

Background: Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) represent the most prevalent non-communicable diseases worldwide. In 2019, around 17.9 million individuals succumbed to cardiovascular diseases, accounting for 32% of all global fatalities. Mitochondria are essential for maintaining cellular metabolic equilibrium, facilitating cell survival and apoptosis, and generating the majority of cellular energy. Protein–protein interactions (PPIs) play a crucial role in both physiological and pathological processes, with abnormal PPIs linked to numerous disorders, making them prospective pharmacological targets across diverse therapeutic domains. Peptides are highly promising as protein-protein interaction inhibitors due to their capacity to replicate natural interaction patterns and encompass rather extensive interaction regions. Computational methods are extensively employed to accelerate drug discovery by screening prospective lead molecules. Purpose: Current work was designed to check efficacy of Daucus carota flavonoid for cardioprotective activity. Methodology: Scientific validation of the current investigation was done by computational based molecular docking study of lead molecules of Daucus carota pulp against malonyl Co-A decarboxylase enzyme. Result: The flavonoid found in D.carota has been identified as an effective cardioprotective drug and their lead molecules luteolin and apigenin demonstrating effective binding to the target protein malonyl Co-A decarboxylase with binding energies of -7.34 and -7.12 kcal/mol, respectively. Conclusion: The findings indicated that each selected lead chemical for additional investigation shown significant inhibitory activity against malonyl Co-A decarboxylase, hence revealing its cardio protection potential.

Fetal death/Intra uterine death (IUD) is a significant adverse pregnancy outcome, particularly prevalent in low- and middle-income countries. It is also a good indicator of quality of healthcare available. Fetal autopsy is often required to determine the cause of intrauterine death or miscarriages, provide recurrence risk, and is known to alter the final diagnosis and genetic counseling. Aim: To study the maternal and fetal factors in fetal autopsy lesions. To know the prevalence of various fetal abnormalities in IUD. Material and methods: The present study was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Pathology at Dr. BVP Rural Medical College, Loni, over a duration of 5 years. A total of 78 cases were included, with data collected on the mother's age, gestational age, fetal gender, weight, and other relevant details, alongside records of fetal autopsies. Special attention was given to identifying organ abnormalities in the fetuses. The collected data was compiled in Microsoft Excel, and the analysis was carried out using Openepi version 3.2.1 software. Results: The study found that mean maternal age was 24.8+ 4.5 years, ranging between 18 to 38 years. Mean gestational age was 21.7 +4 weeks. It was seen that among total 78 cases, 40 were males, 30 were females, 6 fetuses were macerated and 2 fetus gender was ambiguous. Conclusion: The study shows a varied distribution of fetal characteristics, with male fetuses being more common and cardiac abnormalities being the most prevalent. These findings emphasize the diverse nature of fetal lesions and their potential effects on fetal development, influenced by gestational age and maternal conditions.

The present study investigates the antioxidant and cytotoxic properties of natural phytochemicals and NSAIDs, focusing on their potential anticancer effects against selected cancer cell lines. Luteolin, a dietary flavonoid with known antioxidant and anticancer activities, and piroxicam, a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) with reported anticancer potential, were examined both individually and in combination against MMP-9. Molecular docking revealed that the piroxicam–luteolin complex demonstrated stable interactions with key residues, including GLU241, ALA242, LEU243, TYR245, MET247, PRO245, HIS226, GLN227, ALA189, LEU188, LEU222, TYR248, and ARG249, with a binding energy of –6.89 kcal/mol, indicating favorable binding affinity. Antioxidant activity assays revealed that luteolin and piroxicam alone exhibited IC₅₀ values of 22.85 ± 0.080 μM and 20.512 ± 0.04 μM, respectively. Notably, their combination reduced the IC₅₀ to 10.89 ± 0.34 μM, suggesting a synergistic enhancement of antioxidant capacity. Similarly, MTT assays demonstrated that luteolin and piroxicam individually displayed cytotoxic effects with IC₅₀ values of 198.3 ± 0.088 μM and 175.5 ± 0.129 μM, while their combination yielded a significantly lower IC₅₀ of 73.3 ± 0.25 μM, confirming a synergistic effect in inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Furthermore, intracellular ROS estimation revealed effective reduction in ROS levels by luteolin and piroxicam individually, with amplified effects observed upon their combined treatment. These findings indicate that the luteolin–piroxicam combination offers superior antioxidant and cytotoxic activity compared to either compound alone. Thus, this synergistic interaction highlights a promising strategy for developing safe, natural, and effective anticancer therapies, warranting further validation through in vivo studies.

Introduction: Open defaecation (OD) has been strongly linked to high prevalence of cholera and other sanitation-related diseases. This study was conducted to assess community-led total sanitation (CLTS) on the reduction of OD practices and its health implications in Cross River State. The study design was a community-based randomized controlled trial. Materials and Methods: A multi-stage sampling technique was used in selecting LGAs, wards, communities, households and respondents. Data were collected from 744 respondents at pre- and post-intervention. Data were analyzed using Statistical Product and Service Solution (version 24). Results and Discussions: Results were presented as frequencies, percentages, tables and charts. The findings from this study showed a significant increase in knowledge level of OD due to the CLTS intervention; at baseline, 344 (46.2%) of respondents had good knowledge of OD, which was later increased to 395 (53.1%) at post-intervention, indicating that there was a statistically significant difference in respondents’ knowledge level of OD and diseases associated with OD practices due to the CLTS intervention. The perceptions of respondents about OD were 404 (54.3%) at baseline, and was improved to 701 (94.2%) at post-intervention, implying that there was a statistically significant difference in the perceptions of respondents about OD practices due to the CLTS intervention. Conclusion: Based on the findings, the CLTS intervention was effective in increasing knowledge of OD practice, changing wrong perceptions about OD and improving toilet ownership and maintenance. To scale up the gains of this study, continued commitments to the eradication of OD practices from community members, governments at all levels and NGOs is crucial.

Gender-based violence (GBV) remains a pervasive issue in Nigeria, affecting individuals across different socio-economic and cultural backgrounds. Despite existing laws and policies, the prevalence of GBV continues to rise, largely due to deeply entrenched societal norms, weak law enforcement, and inadequate support systems for survivors. This study explores the role of communication in the prevention and intervention of GBV, examining how media platforms, digital activism, and community-based communication strategies contribute to addressing the issue. Using secondary research (desktop research) as the methodology, the study analyzes scholarly literature, reports, and case studies to assess the effectiveness of communication strategies in combating GBV. Findings reveal that media campaigns such as #SayNoToRape and #MeToo have significantly raised awareness, influenced policy discussions, and encouraged survivors to speak out. Investigative journalism, as seen in the BBC Africa Eye documentary Sex for Grades, has also played a crucial role in exposing perpetrators and prompting legal reforms. However, challenges persist, including sensationalized reporting, victim-blaming narratives, and limited access to digital advocacy tools in rural areas. The study concludes that effective communication strategies are key to preventing GBV and supporting survivors. Recommendations include strengthening ethical media reporting, leveraging digital media for advocacy, promoting community-based awareness programs, and improving policy implementation and survivor support services. By adopting a multi-sectoral approach that integrates media, government, civil society, and community efforts, Nigeria can make significant progress in the fight against GBV.

Sepsis is a life-threatening condition resulting from an extreme immune response to infection, leading to organ dysfunction and high mortality rates. Early identification and timely intervention are crucial for improving patient outcomes. This review explores evidence-based strategies in sepsis management, including early recognition, fluid resuscitation, antimicrobial therapy, hemodynamic support, and nursing interventions. The role of a multidisciplinary healthcare team in sepsis care is also highlighted, emphasizing the importance of adherence to international guidelines such as the Surviving Sepsis Campaign. Strengthening nursing protocols and adopting advanced monitoring techniques can significantly reduce sepsis-related morbidity and mortality.

This study evaluated the acute oral toxicity of a crude extract of Chiropsoides buitendijki in female Sprague-Dawley rats and its toxic effects in brine shrimp (Artemia salina). Rats were treated with the extract for 14 days, and no clinical signs of intoxication, lethality, or significant changes in body weight, food intake, or behavior were observed. The LD50 value for the rats was determined to be greater than 2000 mg/kg body weight. In brine shrimp lethality assays, the LC50 was calculated to be 20.89 µg/mL. Histological analysis of organs such as the liver, kidney, lungs, brain, spleen, ovary, and uterus revealed no pathological changes at both 300 mg/kg and 2000 mg/kg doses, with tissues maintaining normal structure. These results suggest that while the crude extract demonstrates potent toxicity in brine shrimp, it is non-toxic at high doses in rats and does not cause harm to major organs. The extract shows promise for potential pharmaceutical use, warranting further investigation into its bioactive constituents.

Long COVID or POST-COVID is continuation or development of new symptoms after three months of infection. Long COVID (also called post-acute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection, or PASC) refers to a range of symptoms that persist for weeks, months, or even longer after the acute phase of COVID-19 infection has resolved. Long COVID can affect many organs. More than 200 symptoms have been identified with impacts on multiple organ systems. At least 65 million individuals worldwide are estimated to have long COVID, with cases increasing daily. Long COVID-19 in pregnant women include a wide spectrum with fatigue, cognitive dysfunction, respiratory symptoms and psychological disturbances. There are adverse maternal and foetal complications. Two doses of vaccination can substantially reduce post COVID problems.

This work establishes relationship between drug constitution and its basic effector molecules within the human body. Basic effectors derived from constitutional elements of all the 20 (twenty) drugs were matching with those mentioned in the existing medical literature. Therefore drug and its effects can be identified easily. Retrospectively a drug can also be designed for any given basic effectors within the body.