Choanal atresia is a congenital defect in the permeabilization of the posterior end of the nasal cavities. Its bilateral form is responsible for respiratory distress that can be life-threatening. The unilateral form was suspected in view of the permanent unilateral right nasal obstruction. We report the observation of two clinical cases admitted to the Radiology and Medical Imaging department, CHU GT of Bamako (Mali). The aim of our study was to highlight the importance of screening for this condition at birth. Surgical treatment allowed us to obtain an overall success rate of 100%. Divulsion was used to pass the emergency stage after short-term palliative medical treatment in the case of bilateral choanal atresia. The operative techniques used were divulsion and nasal endoscopic route.

Background: Peri-implantitis is a significant complication in implant dentistry, characterized by the progressive loss of bone support around implants, often exacerbated by heavy bacterial colonization in dental plaque. Smoking, a known risk factor for periodontal disease, may adversely affect peri-implant tissue health and treatment outcomes. Objective: This systematic review aims to analyze the impact of smoking on the clinical treatment outcomes of peri-implantitis in adult patients, focusing on key clinical parameters and the effectiveness of various treatment modalities. Methods: A systematic search was conducted across several databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using keywords related to smoking and peri-implantitis treatment to identify relevant articles published in English language without any restriction for the time of publication until 30th September 2024. Studies were included on the eligibility criteria, emphasizing adult smokers with diagnosed peri-implantitis undergoing various treatments. Data extraction focused on clinical parameters outcomes including plaque index (PI), bleeding on probing (BOP), probing depth (PD), and bone levels. Results: Seven studies met the inclusion criteria, highlighting that smokers exhibited higher PI, BOP, and PD at baseline compared to non-smokers. Adjunctive therapies, particularly antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (aPDT), significantly improved clinical parameters in smokers. However, smokers demonstrated less favorable outcomes in gingival recession and bone levels post-treatment. Conclusion: Smoking negatively impacts the treatment outcomes of peri-implantitis, with smokers showing heightened inflammatory responses and less improvement in clinical parameters. Clinicians should consider smoking status when planning treatment protocols for peri-implantitis to optimize patient outcomes. Further research is warranted to develop targeted interventions for this vulnerable population.

Background: During pregnancy, there are notable changes in cardiovascular function to meet the increasing needs of the developing baby. The objective of this study was to compare ECG in pregnant women during their second and third trimesters with a control group of non-pregnant women in Bangladesh. This study aims to offer valuable insights into the cardiovascular changes that happen during pregnancy. This study's findings are important for maternal health research and clinical practice in Bangladesh and beyond. Objective: The purpose of this study is to analyze and compare the ECG variations in women during the second and third trimesters of pregnancy. Methods: The study took place in the gynecology Department at CMH Saidpur, Bangladesh. This study was conducted from March 2023 to August 2023. During this period, 75 pregnant patients in their 2nd trimester and 75 patients in their 3rd trimester were chosen as cases from antenatal outdoor, while 75 non-pregnant women of the same age were selected as the control group. We use the purposive sampling method. Results: During pregnancy, there were notable changes in BMI, heart rate, and PR interval. BMI decreased in the second trimester and increased in the third trimester.22.67% were nulliparous and 77.33% were multiparous in 2nd trimester. In the third trimester, 26.67% were nulliparous and 73.33% multiparous. So, no significant difference in parity. Heart rate increased in both trimesters, while the PR interval shortened in both trimesters. No significant changes were observed in the durations of the QRS complex or QT interval. In our study, the QTc interval displayed a significant rise. ST depression, which may suggest decreased blood flow, was exclusively seen in pregnant women, particularly in the third trimester. Conclusion: We found no significant changes in age, but BMI, heart rate, and PR interval were significantly different from the control group throughout pregnancy. No significant QRS complex or QT interval duration changes were identified. The QTc interval rose. ST depression, more prominent in the third trimester, only affected pregnant women. As shown by ST depression, pregnancy may change cardiac function, electrical activity, and ischemia.

Background: Plasma lipids are precursors of adrenal and gonadal steroid hormones, bile acids as well as important component of animal cell wall. However, abnormal plasma lipids are major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases globally. Researchers are currently considering lifestyle modification such as exercise, as an approach to maintaining normal plasma lipids level as well as addressing abnormal ones. Methodology: This study investigated the effect of lifestyle modification (vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen) on plasma triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol of adults in Benue State University, Makurdi. The design of the study was guided by two research questions. Two hypotheses were formulated and tested at 0.05 level of significance. The study adopted two group pretest posttest quasi experimental design. The study population comprises twenty-one (21) Benue State University staff in the experimental group, and another twenty-one (21) for the control group. The proforma used for the data collection was validated by three experts, one from measurement and evaluation, one from the Department of Human Kinetics and Health Education and one from College of Health Sciences; all in Benue State University, Makurdi. Data generated were analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS Version 25). A descriptive statistics, mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions, and inferential statistics, Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) and Paired Samples Test were used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 level of significance. Results: The findings revealed that out of the 21 participants in the two groups, 12(57.14%) were males, while 9(42.86%) were females. The age range in the control group was between 28 to 65years, while that of the experimental group was between 36-68years. Vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen was found to have statistically significant effect on plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (P = 0.000<0.05). Even though plasma triglyceride was found to be reduced by vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen, the level of the reduction was found not to be statistically significant (P = 0.293 > 0.05). Conclusion: The study concluded that healthcare workers should henceforth incorporate vigorous intensity aerobic exercise regimen prescription in public health awareness on the maintenance of plasma level of triglycerides and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol, as well as clinical management of patients with abnormal plasma low density lipoprotein-cholesterol.

Background: Access to safe and effective abortion services plays a vital role in safeguarding women's reproductive health, ultimately contributing to their overall well-being. This is particularly relevant in Bangladesh, where the legality of abortion is contingent upon specific circumstances. Therefore, ensuring women have the autonomy to choose between safe and effective termination methods becomes crucial. Objective: The study aims to see explore the efficacy, safety, and accessibility of mifepristone-misoprostol regimen and surgical abortion methods within the context of Bangladesh. Methods: This investigation employed a cross-sectional observational design, conducted within the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Dhaka National Medical College in Bangladesh. The study spanned one year, commencing in March 2023 and concluding in February 2024. To ensure a representative sample of the patient population seeking abortion services, consecutive sampling was utilized. This approach involved recruiting all patients admitted during the designated timeframe who fulfilled the pre-established inclusion and exclusion criteria. Ultimately, the study enrolled 104 participants, a sample size determined by the number of admissions fitting the criteria within the one year. Results: The study found no significant difference in age distribution between women choosing medical or surgical abortion, with both groups mainly consisting of women aged 18-25. Overall complication rates were similar, but medical abortion had a higher need for additional procedures and longer stays, while surgical abortion required more bleeding observation. Pain experiences differed significantly, with no women in the medical group reporting no pain and a higher prevalence of moderate pain compared to surgical abortion. Women undergoing medical abortion were slightly more likely to experience complications overall, and primigravid women (first pregnancy) were significantly more likely to experience complications than multigravid women. Conclusion: Our findings suggest comparable safety profiles for both surgical and medical abortion procedures within the studied population. This indicates that surgical abortion can be a safe and effective option alongside medical abortion, potentially expanding the range of choices offered to women.

Background: Psoriasis, a chronic inflammatory skin disorder, poses substantial challenges to affected individuals, with plaque psoriasis being the most prevalent form. Despite advancements in treatment, including biologic drugs and oral small molecules, there remains a need for effective, accessible, and safe therapies for moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Deucravacitinib, a novel oral small molecule targeting Tyrosine Kinase 2 (TYK2), emerges as a promising option in psoriasis management. Objective: This study aims to evaluate the efficacy and safety of deucravacitinib in the treatment of psoriasis. Method: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across multiple databases, including PubMed, clinicaltrials.gov, Cochrane Skin, and Embase, up to February 16, 2023. Manuscripts were selected and analyzed following PRISMA guidelines. Relevant keywords such as "psoriasis," "oral small molecules," "deucravacitinib," "efficacy," and "safety" were used. Various types of manuscripts, including reviews, meta-analyses, clinical trials, and real-life experiences, were considered. Abstracts and full texts of selected articles were reviewed, and references were cross-checked. Results: A total of four completed trials and six ongoing studies were included in the review. Completed studies demonstrated the efficacy of deucravacitinib, with significant improvements in Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scores compared to placebo and apremilast. Notably, deucravacitinib showed superiority in achieving PASI 75, 90, and 100 responses. Safety profiles were generally favorable, with common adverse events including nasopharyngitis, headache, diarrhea, and nausea. Conclusion: Deucravacitinib emerges as an innovative and valuable option for psoriasis management, offering promising efficacy and safety outcomes in clinical trials. While further research is warranted to validate its efficacy and compare it with existing therapies, deucravacitinib holds potential as a significant addition to the psoriasis treatment armamentarium.

Diplopia is a frequent symptom in ophthalmology and has many causes. It may be binocular or monocular, the latter reflecting ocular damage. The study of the interaction between diplopia and the workstation is often neglected in therapeutic management; however, diplopia at work can have consequences for the health and safety of the worker concerned and therefore for clinical and socio-professional prognosis. We report a case of monocular diplopia due caused by a nuclear cataract in a radiologist. The purpose is to illustrate and explain the interaction between diplopia and work and the repercussions on fitness for work. This case underscores the need for effective, multidisciplinary medical and occupational strategies to manage diplopia in the workplace.

India has a rich diversity of languages, with over 1,600 languages spoken across the nation. Sanskrit, an ancient, classical sacerdotal language of India, has a rich morphosyntactic influence on Bhadarwahi. This study aims to analyze the key linguistic similarities and differences between Bhadarwahi and Sanskrit, elaborating on vocabulary, origin, and word order while also emphasizing the potential contributions of Sanskrit to Bhadarwahi. The paper uses a comparative analysis method, and investigates word order, revealing how Bhadarwahi and Sanskrit use the same word order structures such as subject-object-verb (SOV). This study expands our understanding of linguistic diversity, as languages continually shape and are shaped by one another.

Background: Acute watery diarrhea (AWD), which has a sudden onset and is associated with a risk of severe dehydration, is primarily spread through unsafe water, poor sanitation, and inadequate hygiene. Socioeconomic factors, like low parental education and poverty, further increase risks. WHO-recommended interventions, including oral rehydration therapy, zinc supplementation, and rotavirus vaccinations, have reduced diarrhea-related deaths globally. Aim of the study: This study aims to explore the socio-demographic, environmental, and behavioral factors associated with childhood watery diarrhea, particularly in high-risk regions. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted at the Department of Pediatric, 250 Bedded General Hospital, Khulna, Bangladesh, with 210 children aged 0–60 months presenting acute watery diarrhea, enrolled over one year July 2023 to June 2024. Eligible children met specific inclusion criteria, while exclusion was applied to cases of chronic diarrhea or unrelated pre-existing conditions. Data confidentiality was maintained, with ethical approval granted. The analysis involved descriptive statistics in SPSS (version 26) for comprehensive result interpretation. Result: The study included 210 children under five, with a mean age of 14.51±5.34 months; most were aged 7-12 months (38.10%), and 54.29% were male. Caregivers were predominantly aged 28.39±4.11 years, with 73.81% having completed primary education. Key findings included high MMR vaccination rates (62.38%), significant exclusive breastfeeding for six months (58.57%), and recent diarrhea reports among 20.95% of caregivers. In terms of WASH practices, 60.48% used piped water, 57.62% stored drinking water separately, and 95.71% had toilet facilities. Notably, 67.14% used water only for handwashing, and 45.24% washed hands with soap post-toilet use. Conclusion: Safe water, sanitation, and handwashing practices are essential to reducing acute watery diarrhea in children under five. Children in households with untreated water and inconsistent caregiver handwashing face higher risks. Targeted public health initiatives to improve water treatment and hygiene could greatly reduce diarrhea incidence and improve child health outcomes.

Diabetes, a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by hyperglycaemia has become a major global health concern, with an increasing prevalence worldwide (Mukhtar, Galalain & Yunusa, 2020). Despite the availability of various anti-diabetic drugs, the search for natural remedies to manage diabetes has gained significant attention. Mangifera indica extracts have been studied for their anti-oxidant, anti-diabetic, lipid-lowering and anti-obesity potentials (Kumar et al., 2021). This study was designed to investigate the therapeutic effects of Mangifera indica methanol extract against Diabetes Mellitus, using in silico methods, Molecular docking simulations were performed to assess the binding affinities and interactions of the identified compounds from the Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectometry analysis result with key enzymes, proteins and hormones involved in glucose metabolism, such as alpha-amylase, insulin receptors, Glucose Transporter type 4 and Glucagon-like peptide 1. 6-methyl-2-(3-nitrophenyl) imidazo[1,2-a] pyridine had the highest binding affinity with Insulin receptors(-7.6kcal/mol), alpha amylase(-8.0kcal/mol) and Glucose transporter type 4(-8.5kcal/mol). Oxime-, methoxy-phenyl had the highest binding affinity with Glucagon-like peptide 1(-6.5kcal/mol). These findings suggest that mango leaves could serve as a source of natural anti-diabetic agent, which could lead to the development of new and effective treatments for diabetes. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are warranted to validate the bioactivity of these compounds and their mechanisms of action. Overall, this project contributes to the growing body of evidence supporting the use of in silico approaches for the discovery of novel antidiabetic agents from natural products.

Background: Abortion remains a critical public health issue, particularly in low-resource settings like Bangladesh, where access to safe abortion services is often restricted. This study aimed to analyze the types of abortions, treatment methods, and post-abortion complications in a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted from January to December 2017, including 100 cases of abortion at a 250-bed district hospital in Joypurhat, Bangladesh. Data were collected from patient records, focusing on demographic characteristics, type and nature of abortion, treatment methods, and complications. Descriptive statistics were used for analysis. Results: The majority of patients (42%) were aged 26–30 years, and 58% were primigravida. Most abortions (75%) occurred before 13 weeks of gestation, with incomplete abortions accounting for 86% of cases. Spontaneous abortions constituted 86%, and D&C was the primary treatment method in 83% of cases. Post-abortion complications were infrequent, with incomplete D&C (8%), shock (6%), and septicemia (3%) being the most common. Conclusion: Incomplete abortions and spontaneous abortions are the most common types observed, with D&C being the predominant treatment method. Although complications were low, the findings underscore the need for better access to safe abortion methods, including medical abortion, and the reduction of unsafe practices through improved healthcare education and policy reform.

The practical application of international conventions like the Montreal Convention of 1999 and the OHADA Uniform Act of 2023 in the context of attaching goods onboard aircraft presents significant challenges. These frameworks do not explicitly address the attachment of such goods, focusing instead on liability and recovery procedures. The OHADA Uniform Act aims to simplify recovery processes but may struggle with conflicting national regulations and regional legal practices. The absence of specific legislation for attaching goods in-flight creates a critical gap, leading to uncertainty and inefficiency in enforcement. Addressing this gap in this paper requires developing targeted legal solutions that align with international standards while addressing the unique demand of air transport.

The vegetation cover of forest ecosystems in sub-Saharan Africa is currently deteriorating. Species that provide non-wood forest products such as Vitellaria paradoxa, Parkia biglobosa and Adansonia digitata are not spared. The aim of this study is to contribute to the valorization and conservation of these species. To achieve this, a forest inventory of the main species was conducted in the Kuinima classified forest. A systematic inventory was carried out using circular plots with a radius of 20 cm. The data obtained was complemented by a structural study of these formations, based on the circumference measured at 1m 30 from the ground. ANOVA analysis of variance revealed a significant difference between densities. The results show that Vitellaria paradoxa has the highest average density (47.714±65.165 individuals/ha), followed by Parkia biglobosa (5.626±2.29 individuals/ha). In terms of health condition, Vitellaria paradoxa is the most attacked by Loranthaceae (41.93%). Regarding the stand structure, all three species show an abundance of juvenile trees (c ≤20 cm). Moreover, with the low mortality rates observed, the dynamics is evolutionary for all three species. In order to preserve the wood potential of this forest, capacity building, technical and awareness-raising actions could be undertaken. These results constitute data that should be taken into account in programs for the conservation of NWFP species in general, and for the control of Loranthaceae that parasitize Vitellaria paradoxa in particular.

By examining the test for admitting electronic records in trials, this research critically examines the procedural and legal nuances unique to digital records. The study investigates ambiguities in authority, privacy concerns, and procedural conflicts. It seeks to propose recommendations for improving the handling of electronic records in criminal trials, aiming to ensure that justice is served without compromising individual rights. This analysis provides a comprehensive approach to navigating the complexities of digital evidence while maintaining the integrity of the judicial process and upholding fundamental human rights.

Background: Clinicians confront heparin-induced thrombocytopenia (HIT) as the most pertinent pathological relationship. Antibodies directed against complexes of heparin molecules and platelet factor 4 (PF4) are the cause of this immune-mediated phenomena. HIT is a significant adverse event that affects individuals with acute coronary syndromes (ACS). Objective: To assess the frequency of HIT in patients presenting with ACS. Materials and Methods: This study was carried out the Northeast Medical College's Department of Cardiology in Sylhet from June 2021 to December 2022. A total of 234 individuals aged 40 to 70 years old presented with ACS within 24 hours of symptom onset. This study excluded patients with idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP), aplastic anemia, myeloproliferative diseases, or pre-existing thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia was evaluated using medical records and a full blood count (CBC), with isolated thrombocytopenia (platelets <150 x109/L) prior to heparin administration. Results: Diabetes mellitus, hypertension, a history of ACS, and obesity were the most frequent comorbidities, accounting for 41.03%, 33.76%, 43.16%, and 14.96%, respectively. The incidence of HIT in NSTEMI and STEMI was higher than in unstable angina, although still comparable. The delayed presentation of ACS > 12 hours was also strongly correlated with the occurrence of HIT (p<0.05). Unstable angina and middle age (50–60 years) were found to have a significant relationship with HIT (p<0.05). Conclusion: HIT is more common in patients who have had a myocardial infarction or who have had symptoms for more than 12 hours at the time of hospitalization. Cardiologists and internal medicine experts must take extra precautions when administering heparin to high-risk patients to prevent problems.