Waldenström macroglobulinemia (WM) is a rare, indolent lymphoproliferative disorder characterized by the accumulation of abnormal lymphoplasmacytic cells in the bone marrow. These cells produce excessive amounts of monoclonal immunoglobulin M (IgM) protein, leading to symptoms such as fatigue, bleeding problems, and increased susceptibility to infections. In recent years, biclonal gammopathy, defined as the presence of two distinct monoclonal proteins in a patient’s blood or urine, has been increasingly recognized in some WM patients. For instance, Nakazaki et al., (2010) reported cases of WM with coexisting non-IgM gammopathy, specifically IgG.

Introduction: Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is a frequent vascular pathology, especially in elderly males. Horseshoe kidney (HSK), the most common renal fusion anomaly, presents a surgical challenge when associated with AAA. We report a case of successful open repair of a juxtarenal AAA in a patient with HSK. Case Presentation: A 68-year-old male with hypertension, diabetes, and active smoking was diagnosed with a 60 mm juxtarenal AAA and horseshoe kidney during routine imaging. The patient underwent elective open repair via a retroperitoneal approach. A bifurcated aorto-bi-iliac graft was placed. The right renal artery was reimplanted, and an inferior polar artery was revascularized using a saphenous vein graft. Discussion: HSK complicates AAA surgery due to anomalous renal vasculature and anteriorly located isthmus. Open repair allows precise revascularization and direct access to the aorta. Renal preservation strategies are crucial to reduce postoperative complications. Conclusion: Open surgical repair remains a reliable option in AAA with HSK when renal revascularization is necessary. Thorough preoperative planning and tailored reconstruction are key to achieving optimal outcomes.

Creating a positive and playful environment in pediatric dentistry is essential for fostering trust and easing young patients' anxieties. While female pediatric dentists in India are increasingly recognized for their nurturing approach, the smaller representation of male practitioners highlights an opportunity for growth. By adopting child-friendly techniques, such as playful communication, empathetic listening, and creative interactions, male pediatric dentists can effectively bridge the gap and break stereotypes. Embracing a "pookie" persona—a blend of professionalism and playfulness—allows male dentists to transform dental visits into enjoyable experiences, leaving lasting positive impressions on children. This review underscores the importance of combining technical expertise with emotional connection to ensure comprehensive pediatric dental care for male pediatric dentists.

This study investigates the multifaceted factors influencing the quality of training for non-physical education majors in the field of physical education. By employing a mixed-methods research design that integrates quantitative surveys and qualitative interviews, the research examines internal and external determinants, including curriculum misalignment, inadequate facilities, outdated teaching methodologies, and student as well as lecturer attitudes. Drawing upon established theories such as Self-Determination Theory [1] and Constructivist Learning Theory, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of the challenges and barriers that hinder effective training outcomes. The findings reveal that discrepancies between institutional expectations and practical needs, along with limited resource allocation and motivational deficits, significantly impact the overall quality of education. Based on these insights, the paper proposes targeted strategies to enhance teaching practices, optimize learning environments, and foster intrinsic motivation among students, thereby contributing to a more effective and equitable educational framework.

Introduction: Rubella can pose serious risks to pregnant individuals, especially during the first trimester, as maternal infection may lead to congenital rubella syndrome (CRS). Despite ongoing vaccination efforts, cases of rubella infection persist among women of childbearing age. This study aims to assess rubella susceptibility, vaccination coverage, and associated risk factors among pregnant women at Al-Wazarat Healthcare Center in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted over 12 months, enrolling 300 pregnant women aged 18 to 45 years through convenience sampling. Demographic information, obstetric history, rubella vaccination status, prior infection, and laboratory data on rubella-specific immunoglobulin G (IgG) and immunoglobulin M (IgM) antibodies were collected from medical records. Results: The mean age of participants was 32.0 years, and 134 (44.7%) had given birth five or more times. Overall, 252 (84%) reported having received a rubella vaccination, although 153 (51%) had unknown vaccination timing. IgM positivity (n=70; 23.3%) indicated recent infection, while 241 (80.3%) tested positive for IgG, suggesting prior exposure or successful immunization. Documented vaccination was significantly associated with lower infection rates (p=0.011), age (p=0.0001), and congenital abnormalities (p=0.004). Conclusion: Although vaccination uptake was high, recent infections and incomplete vaccination records highlight ongoing vulnerabilities to rubella and CRS. Improved immunization tracking, comprehensive antenatal screening, and targeted education for both patients and healthcare providers may reduce rubella susceptibility and safeguard maternal and child health.

The interplay between sleep quality and anxiety in adults has garnered significant attention in psychological and medical research, given the profound implications for mental health and overall well-being. This comprehensive review aims to elucidate the intricate relationship between these two constructs by analyzing current literature, integrating results from observational studies, randomized controlled trials, and meta-analyses. Poor sleep quality is often characterized by difficulties in initiating and maintaining sleep, reduced sleep duration, and non-restorative sleep. Such disturbances have been shown to exacerbate anxiety symptoms, contributing to a cyclical pattern where anxiety itself further impacts sleep quality. The review highlights various mechanisms underlying this relationship, including hyperarousal, rumination, and dysregulation of neurobiological pathways, such as the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. Numerous studies indicate that individuals with anxiety disorders report significantly lower sleep quality compared to their non-anxious counterparts. Specific anxiety disorders, such as generalized anxiety disorder and panic disorder, have been identified as particularly associated with sleep disturbances. Interventions targeting sleep, including cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) and pharmacological treatments, are discussed in relation to their efficacy in alleviating anxiety symptoms and enhancing sleep quality. Moreover, the review addresses the potential bidirectional nature of the relationship, suggesting that not only can poor sleep contribute to increased anxiety, but anxiety may also lead to long-term alterations in sleep patterns. Implications for clinical practice are presented, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive assessments that incorporate both sleep and anxiety evaluations. Finally, the review identifies gaps in the existing literature and suggests directions for future research, including the need for longitudinal studies and investigations into the biological underpinnings of this relationship. By synthesizing current findings, this review contributes to a deeper understanding of the association between sleep quality and anxiety, aiming to inform effective interventions and promote better health outcomes in adults.

This paper examines how Former First Lady Michelle Obama (henceforth, the speaker) deploys language in her political campaign speech in support of Kamala Harris, a presidential candidate, delivered on August 21st, 2024 at the 2024 Democratic National Convention (henceforth, DNC) held in Chicago, to encode interpersonal meaning. Guided by theoretical underpinnings (Mood and Appraisal) from Systemic Functional Linguistics (henceforth, SFL) and the descriptive mixed-method research design, the study specifically analyzes the interpersonal resources the speaker employs in her speech to negotiate social relations and construe feelings as well as a relationship of solidarity. The findings reveal that she uses, in varying proportions, Mood features (Mood, Modality and Adjunct). They also indicate that the speaker employs, in varying proportions, Appraisal features (Attitude, Engagement and Graduation) to construe feelings in her speech. The study concludes that the speaker deliberately makes use of the aforementioned interpersonal resources to influence or persuade and manipulate her recipients with a view to getting them to act in her own interest; i.e. vote for her candidate, Kamala Harris, whom she depicts positively, while she at the same represents her opponent, Donald Trump, exclusively in negative terms. While this analysis has demonstrated how the speaker deploys interpersonal resources to interact and bond with her recipients, unveiling the stance she takes towards what she communicates to them, including the two vying candidates, it has not explored how she uses language to encode ideational (experiential and logical) and textual meanings. Future research can look at these aspects.

This study investigates the relationship between Greenwashing and Financial Manifests of Food and Beverages Manufacturing Firms in Rivers State Nigeria. The objectives of the study were to investigate the influence of corporate-level greenwashing and product-level greenwashing on profitability of the firms. The study adopted the quasi-experimental research design which employed the cross-sectional survey design. The choice of this survey approach is because it will scientifically look at the situation on ground and will empirically analyse it to get result that can be attributable to the accessible population. Based on the research questions, a questionnaire was designed and one hundred (100) copies were distributed to the customers of the food and beverages manufacturing firms who constituted the population of the study, the researchers purposively administered ten (10) copies each to customers of the ten (10) food and beverages manufacturing firms selected for this study. After data cleaning, a total of ninety-two (92) copies of the distributed questionnaire were retrieved. These copies were analysed and the hypotheses were tested using the Spearman’s Correlation Coefficient with the aid of SPSS Version 23.0. The result revealed that; there is a weak positive relationship between the dimensions of greenwashing adopted in this study and profitability of the food and beverages manufacturing firms in Rivers State. The study concluded that greenwashing is not healthy for the financial manifests of the food and beverages manufacturing firms in Rivers State. The study consequently recommends that; companies should focus on sustainable development and limit the occurrence of greenwashing. For companies, greenwashing will bring temporary benefits in a short period of time; Government departments and regulatory agencies should establish a sound regulatory mechanism to scientifically manage the greenwashing behaviours of companies.

أصبحت اللغة العربية لغة رسمية في نيجيريا بعد دخول الإسلام وانتشاره فيها، وقيام المماليك الإسلامية الممثلة في مملكة كانم برنو ودولة صكتو، وقد أدى هذا كله إلى تدافع المسلمين نحو اللغة العربية تعلما وتعليما حتى ظهر من بين مسلمي نيجيريا شعراء قرضوا الشعر العربي على منوال ما درج عليه الشعراء العرب في قصائدهم، واستمر الأمر كذلك منذ عهد كانم برنو إلى عصرنا الراهن. ويعد فن الرثاء من الفنون الشعرية التقليدية التي اهتم بها شعراء نيجيريا غاية الاهتمام، لم يزل الشاعر العربي النيجيري يتناول فن الرثاء على نهج الشعر العربي القديم نوعا وأسلوبا ولغة – فيما عدا ما شذّ عن الدين الإسلامي -، ولعل السر في ذلك أن فن الرثاء شامل لمجالات الحياة الدينية، والعلمية، والسياسية، والاجتماعية. ومن الشعراء النيجيريين المعاصرين المشهورين بشعر الرثاء الشاعر أنس عثمان الجيغوي، وهذه العجالة عبارة عن دراسة أدبية تحليلية لقصيدته النونية في رثاء الداعية البارز الشيخ أبي بكر غِرُو أَرْغُنْغُو، بعنوان: (شعر الرثاء النيجيري: نونية الشاعر أنس عثمان الجيغوي أنموذجا)، وتعتمد هذه الدراسة على المنهج التحليلي، وفي المباحث التالية: المقدمة - نبذة تارخية عن حياة الشاعر - عرض القصيدة وذكر مناسبتها - عناصر الرثاء في القصيدة - الصورة التشبيهة في القصيدة - الموسيقى الشعرية في القصيدة - الخاتمة. وتبدوا أهمية هذه الدراسة في أنها دراسة أدبية تحليلية تطبيقية، من شأنها إبراز ما لشعراء نيجيريا المعاصرين من كنوز الشعر العربي التقليدي الفصيح والإشادة بدورهم الرائد في نشر الثقافة العربية لا سيما الإبداع الشعري في قارتنا الإفريقية..

This study evaluates the impact of community policing strategies on crime control in local communities within Imo State, Nigeria. Specifically, the study focuses on two key objectives. The first, is to ascertain whether the implementation of regular community patrols by vigilante groups and the police, contributed to the prevention of kidnapping, and second, to determine if the strategy of setting up security checkpoints by Ebube Agu has been successful in curbing the movement of illegal arms and reducing communal clashes. The study is anchored on Structural-Functionalism Theory. The study integrates both quantitative and qualitative approaches to provide a comprehensive analysis. Findings of the study reveal that regular community patrols effectively deterred criminal activities such as kidnapping, by fostering collaboration between local communities and law enforcement agencies. The visible presence of patrol teams, combined with local intelligence gathering, created a secure environment that disrupted kidnapping operations. In addition, the establishment of security checkpoints by Ebube Agu proved instrumental in intercepting illegal arms, monitoring suspicious movements, and reducing the frequency of communal clashes. Despite these achievements, challenges such as limited resources, lack of trust in some communities, and occasional conflicts between security operatives and residents hindered the full potential of the strategies. The study concludes by emphasizing the need for sustained efforts, improved funding, and creations of stronger partnerships between all stakeholders, in order to enhance their effectiveness.

Background: Hearing loss is an exceptionally common medical condition, progressing in incidence and severity with age (Cruickshanks, et al., 2023; Isaacson, 2010). The affected population is enormous, including neonates, young people and elderly persons. Hearing loss may be conductive, sensorineural, or mixed (Zahnert, 2011). Audiologic analysis using pure tone audiometer is performed to assess hearing thresholds across the range of frequencies that are important for human communication (Cunningham and Tucci, 2017). The aim of this study is to ascertain the hearing status of Physicians in Rivers State. Methods: This was a prospective study done in the ENT Surgery department of the Rivers State University Teaching Hospital Port Harcourt between August to September, 2024. One hundred and forty four medical doctors (64males and 80 females), were recruited for the study. Otoscopy was done on all the subjects and thereafter pure tone audiometry (PTA) was performed on them. Results: Data were analyzed and the result revealed that 95 persons (66%) had normal PTA findings, 26 (18%) had mild SNHL and 23 (16%) had mild CHL. Conclusion: It was observed from this present study that most of the doctors have normal hearing status. This is important because a doctor with hearing impairment may not be able to adequately hear and understand presenting complaint (s) from patient, may not also be able to use the stethoscope and mercury sphygmomanometer to check the blood pressure of a patient and also listen to abnormal heart and chest sounds. This may adversely affect the management of the patient. Therefore, it is recommended that doctors should do routine hearing assessment.

Context: With the rapid development of the Fourth Industrial Revolution, legal violations in cyberspace are increasing, posing threats to information security and social order. Students majoring in National Defense and Security Education (NDSE) at Ho Chi Minh City University of Education (HCMUE) are required not only to have a clear understanding of cyber laws to protect themselves but also to possess sufficient knowledge to educate and raise awareness within the broader community. Findings: By employing practical survey methods, interviews, and observation, this study analyzes and evaluates the current awareness levels of NDSE students at HCMUE regarding cyber law violations. The survey results show that although students are aware of the illegality of such behaviors, they still engage in them due to gaps in their understanding of legal regulations and consequences. Discussion: Based on the findings, the study proposes several measures to enhance students' awareness of common cyber law violations, including promoting legal education on cyber violations; strengthening monitoring and enforcement of cyber regulations within the university; intensifying media coverage of cyber violations through social platforms; and fostering critical thinking and responsible information verification skills. Enhancing awareness not only encourages students to comply with the law but also contributes to building a safe and healthy online environment in line with national security demands in the digital era.

Smart Maintenance and Reliability Engineering (SMRE) in manufacturing leverages advanced technologies such as Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT), Artificial Intelligence (AI), and Machine Learning (ML) to enhance asset performance, reduce downtime, and optimize maintenance strategies. By integrating predictive maintenance, condition monitoring, and real-time data analytics, SMRE improves operational efficiency and extends equipment lifespan. This paper explores the role of digital twins, cloud computing, and cyber-physical systems in revolutionizing maintenance practices. The study also discusses challenges, implementation strategies, and future trends in smart maintenance for sustainable and resilient manufacturing systems.

The reshoring of American industries has become a strategic priority to enhance domestic manufacturing resilience, reduce supply chain dependencies, and drive economic growth. Advanced lean manufacturing principles, coupled with automation, present a transformative approach to achieving cost-effective and sustainable production. This research explores the integration of smart automation, robotics, and digital lean methodologies to improve efficiency, reduce waste, and optimize operations in reshoring initiatives. By leveraging Industry 4.0 technologies such as cyber-physical systems, artificial intelligence, and real-time data analytics, manufacturers can achieve higher productivity while maintaining flexibility and quality. The study aims to identify the key enablers, challenges, and impact of advanced lean automation on reshoring efforts. Additionally, it investigates how digital lean tools and automated systems contribute to competitiveness, workforce development, and supply chain resilience in the U.S. manufacturing sector.

Earthquakes are among the hidden forces that threaten human life and the future of civilization. Earthquakes can result in landslides, ground shaking, fires, fissures, structural damage to buildings, tsunamis and damage to highways and bridges. The extent of destruction and suffering caused by an earthquake depends on: duration, magnitude, and intensity. And with the technological progress and studies in space sciences, the Earth did not receive the attention of studies and researches, especially that related to pre-earthquakes prediction. This paper presents a brief study of some modern methods for pre-earthquakes prediction through study of physical changes in the Earth's atmosphere, especially in the ionosphere.