Depression is a growing global challenge, posing a major threat to human well-being and the future of society. Despite centuries of scientific efforts, the disease remains incurable, with incidence rates steadily rising. While genetic and environmental factors may contribute to its development, they do not address the root cause. Dharma Master Jun Hong Lu, through the Guan Yin Citta Dharma Door, offers a novel Dharma approach to treating depression. His teachings reveal that the underlying cause of depression is spiritual occupation, and once these spirits are elevated through Dharma practices, patients recover naturally. Unlike conventional treatments that manage symptoms, this approach offers a holistic solution by resolving karmic entanglements and restoring emotional balance through the Golden Buddhist Practices. This study offers a novel approach to treating depressive conditions and brings hope to patients and their families.

Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) calls for the development of the ideas of safety and main ability of civil structures. The most critical of the aspects explored in the paper is the safety monitoring of the structural configuration of any civil engineering work. Supervision of any sign of an odd shift from the usual state of structure enables one to prevent and or counter severe loss. It also depends on other environmental parameters such as load, nature of a seasonal parameter and the type of soil. Within this research project the Al-Beruni Academic Block of Sarhad University of Science and Information Technology is taken to monitor the cracks using Glass Tell-Tales, to collect data on cracks of buildings and during seismic activity, observe, study the cracks that are present.

The increasing resistance of pathogenic bacteria to conventional antibiotics has necessitated the search for alternative antimicrobial agents, particularly from plants. This study investigates the phytochemical composition and antibacterial activity of ethanol and n-hexane extracts of Aspilia africana leaves and Gardenia jasminoides roots. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. The extracts were tested against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus subtilis using the disc diffusion method and Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) determination. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and terpenoids in varying concentrations across both plant extracts. The ethanol extract of Aspilia africana exhibited the highest flavonoid content (12.38%), while Gardenia jasminoides roots had a significantly higher tannin concentration (23.68%) in the ethanol extract compared to Aspilia africana (0.12%). Alkaloids and saponins were also abundant in Gardenia jasminoides roots (5.37% and 9.85%, respectively), particularly in the ethanol extract. Both plant extracts demonstrated significant antibacterial activity, with the ethanol extracts showing higher potency. The results of the antimicrobial analysis showed that the ethanol extracts of both plants demonstrated greater antimicrobial efficacy, particularly at higher concentrations. Gardenia jasminoides root extract showed inhibitory activity against all tested bacteria at 50mg/l and lower concentrations. Similarly, the n-hexane extract exhibited antibacterial activity, albeit less potent than the ethanol extract. In conclusion, the results indicate that both plant species possess potent antibacterial properties, particularly in ethanol extracts, supporting their traditional use in treating bacterial infections and justifying further research into their medicinal applications.

The troposphere's internal processes are complex and exhibit nonlinear trends, which have a significant impact on the transmission and reception of high-quality signals worldwide. This study used measured monthly climatic data of temperature, relative humidity, and atmospheric pressure for Maiduguri and Sokoto from the National Aeronautic and Space Administration (NASA) over a forty-two-years period (1981 to 2022) to estimate the seasonal tropospheric radio refractivity and examine its variations with other meteorological parameters and refractive index. The refractivity gradiant, effective earth radius, and percentage contribution of the dry and wet term radio refractivity were also examined. According to the results, radio refractivity was found to be highest at the two locations during the rainy season and lowest during the dry season. In Maiduguri, during the rainy season and dry seasons are 361.4837 N-units in August, 272.4506 N-units in March while for Sokoto are 366.7093 N-units in August, 277.1162 N-units in February. For Maiduguri and Sokoto, the wet term (Nwet) contributes to the significant variation with 19.9753 % and 21.1831%, respectively, while the dry term (Ndry) contributes 80.0247 % and 78.8169 % to the total value of radio refractivity. The average refractivity gradients in the studied locations were found to be -42.3746 and -42.3928 N-units/km. Furthermore, it was discovered that Maiduguri and Sokoto had average effective earth radiuses (k-factors) of 1.3697 and 1.3698, respectively. These values implied super refraction propagation condition.

The seed is a mainly reproductive unit of the spermatophyta and links the subsequent generations. Other essential seed activities include survival in arid, cold, or other adverse conditions and dispersal. There is a lot of variety in the internal and external architecture of seeds. OsMKP1, a mitogen-activated protein kinase phosphatase, is encoded by GSN1. Rice glume cells proliferate when GSN1 expression is suppressed, producing larger but fewer rice grains. The GSN1 directly interacts with OsMAPK6 and dephosphorylates it, rendering it inactive. Thus, precise regulation of OsMAPK6 activity via reversible phosphorylation is essential for regulating the rice grain size. Some genes also negatively control the grain width and weight by inhibiting cell proliferation. The embryo, which is made up of cotyledons, hypocotyl, and radicle; the endosperm, which feeds the growing embryo; and the seed coat, which envelops the embryo and the endosperm, are the three main parts of plant seeds, each of which has unique biological functions and outcome. The growing seed can benefit from the ability to predict when a sugar burst would arrive through the phloem, since this would allow the seed to quickly adapt to its storage product synthesis. However, there are still certain obstacles that prevent the use against a variety of insect species. The adoption of various formulation procedures that improve dsRNA persistence and cellular absorption in insects is expected to overcome these issues, which are mostly related to the varying RNAi sensitivity of oral RNAi in insects. The CRISPR/Cas system has become the most popular being shown to be useful for editing the genome of plants, its uses in plants have grown significantly in comparison to other technologies.

Organic farming is one of the methods by which the world can target the global sustainable goals concerning production and consumption. Currently, organic farming is practiced in 188 countries worldwide, and 96.4 million hectares of agricultural land are under organic management. India ranks second in terms of total area under organic agricultural land and is a global leader concerning organic producers. During the period 2000-2020, India had the highest Compound Annual Growth Rates (CAGR) concerning organic agricultural land at 41 percent. This study analyses the growth rate of the global organic players namely, Australia, India, Argentina, China, and France, in terms of organic farmland area. During the period 2000-2020, India had the maximum hectare multiplier value being 957.80, while Australia (6.74), Argentina (1.55), and France (6.89) had a hectare multiplier value in single digit and China (60.88) hectare multiplier value in double digit. This paper also analyses the major reasons resulting in this expansion.

Synovial sarcoma is a rare mesenchymal tumor of soft tissue and has high metastatic potential. The most common sites of metastases are the lungs, lymph nodes and bones. The pancreatic location of a synovial sarcoma is very rare. Histological and immunohistochemical examinations are essential to confirm the diagnosis. We report the case of a 57-year-old patient treated for (SS) of pulmonary localization 2 years ago and who currently presents with pancreatic localization.

Background: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays an important role in the development of both Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy (PDR) & Diabetic Macular Odema (DMO). An intravitreal anti-VEGF agent is an effective new modality of treatment. Some studies have dealt with systemic effects of intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF. However, decreasing renal function has been reported recently. Aims: To investigate the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab (anti VEGF) injection on renal function. Methods: This quasi-experimental study was carried out in the Department of ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, during March 2019 to August 2021. A total of 40 patients with retinopathy treated with intravitreal injection bevacizumab were included in this study, out of which 20 patients having diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and rest 20 patients without diabetic kidney disease (No DKD). The patients having Diabetic Kidney Disease (DKD) whose Urinary Albumin Creatinine Ratio (UACR) > 30 mg/g or Effective Glomerular Filtration Rate (eGFR) < 60mL/min/1.73m2, No Diabetic Kidney Disease (No DKD) whose UACR < 30 mg/g or eGFR > 60mL/min/1.73m2. Patients of both sexes and age above 18 years were enrolled in this study. Pre- injection and 1 month after 3rd dose of intravitreal injection of bevacizumab, UACR, Serum Creatinine and eGFR were measured and compared. Results: It was observed that half (50.0%) of the patients in DKD and more than half (65.0%) in No DKD belonged to age group 50-59 years. Male was predominant in both the groups. The mean pre-injection of serum creatinine was 1.23±0.53 mg/dl in DKD and 0.87±0.22 mg/dl in No DKD. The mean post-injection of serum creatinine was 1.19±0.45 mg/dl in DKD and 0.87±0.16 mg/dl in No DKD. The mean pre-injection of UACR was 1294.9±968.26 mg/g in DKD and 13.8±5.99 mg/g in No DKD. The mean post-injection of UACR was 1142.11±1024.06 mg/g in DKD and 13.01±6.87 mg/g in No DKD. The mean difference of serum creatinine, eGFR and UACR were not significant (p>0.05) between pre-injection and post-injection in both groups. Conclusion: Serum creatinine, eGFR and UACR were almost similar between pre-injection and post-injection in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and patients without diabetic kidney disease (No DKD).

Background: Estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a vital indicator of kidney function, particularly in patients receiving treatments that may impact renal health, such as intravitreal anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections like bevacizumab. Bevacizumab, commonly used to treat retinal diseases like diabetic retinopathy, has raised concerns about its potential systemic effects, including its impact on kidney function due to the role of VEGF in maintaining glomerular integrity. This study investigates the effect of bevacizumab injections on renal function in patients with diabetic kidney disease (DKD) and those without. Objective: To assess changes in eGFR before and after intravitreal bevacizumab injections in patients with and without diabetic kidney disease, evaluating whether these injections significantly affect renal function. Methodology: This quasi-experimental study was conducted in the Department of Ophthalmology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), from April 2019 to August 2021. Forty patients with diabetic retinopathy were selected, divided equally into DKD and non-DKD groups. Serum creatinine and eGFR were measured within 30 days before the injection and one month after the third dose of intravitreal bevacizumab. eGFR was calculated using the CKD-EPI equation, and statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: The mean pre-injection eGFR was 69.35±25.91 ml/min/1.73m² in the DKD group and 96.7±30.59 ml/min/1.73m² in the non-DKD group. Post-injection, the mean eGFR was 73.3±33.87 ml/min/1.73m² in DKD patients and 93.6±29.7 ml/min/1.73m² in non-DKD patients. The mean differences in eGFR were not statistically significant between pre- and post-injection measurements in either group (p>0.05). Conclusion: Intravitreal bevacizumab injections did not cause significant changes in eGFR in both DKD and non-DKD patients, suggesting that the treatment is unlikely to have a detrimental impact on renal function in the short term. Further studies are needed to assess the long-term effects of repeated injections.

An electrochemical oxidation process with an aluminum-doped copper oxide (Al@CuO) anode was modeled and optimized for the degradation of methylene blue (MB). The Al@CuO anode material was prepared by the thermal decomposition method. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) analysis confirmed the successful deposition of CuO on the aluminum substrate. The influence of current density, electrolysis time, and MB concentration on the performance of the electrochemical degradation of MB was modeled using Box-Behnken design (BBD). The accuracy of the proposed quadratic model by BBD was confirmed with a p-value < 0.0001 and adj-R2 > 0.9. The optimum MB degradation efficiency of 53.23 % was obtained at 80 mg MB concentration, 40 min electrolysis time, and 3.75 V applied current. The kinetics on the MB electrochemical degradation process using Al@CuO followed pseudo first-order kinetics model. These studies revealed that the Al@CuO anode electrode is not a promising anode for the electrochemical degradation of methylene blue.

The presence of heavy metals in wastewater has raised concern in developing countries because of their impact on human health and environmental ecology. Therefore, this study aims to remove cadmium and lead ions from wastewater using natural Pterocarpus santalinoides fruit through the adsorption method. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) of the response surface methodology (RSM) method was adopted to optimize the process variables such as contact time (20-100 min), adsorbent dose (0.1-0.5 g), initial metal ion concentration (10-50 mg/l), and temperature (30-70 °C). The ANOVA results clearly indicate that the linear model was not sufficient to best predict the removal performance of cadmium (R2 = 0.4009) and lead (R2 = 6353). The optimum conditions for the maximum Cd (94.81%) and Pb (89.23 %) adsorption onto the adsorbent were achieved at contact time (42.16 min), adsorbent dose (0.25 g), initial metal ion concentration (21.52 mg/l), and temperature (37.00 °C). According to the findings of the present work, Pterocarpus santalinoides shows to be a potential eco-friendly and cheap adsorbent for the removal of Cd and Pb from aqueous solutions. The BBD-RSM actual and predicted values of the Cd and Pb ions response show non-significant correlation, suggesting poor agreement between the two, revealing that the BBD-RSM model applied is not effective for the relationship between the four parameters examined in the Cd and Pb ions removal process.

Introduction: Anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries significantly impact mobility and overall quality of life, necessitating prompt and effective intervention. The purpose of this study was to assess preoperative versus postoperative functional and pain status in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon. Aim of the study: The aim of the study was to evaluate preoperative versus postoperative functional and pain status in arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon. Methods: This prospective interventional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopaedic Surgery at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from March 2020 to August 2022, enrolling 30 patients with isolated anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injuries. Informed consent was obtained, and diagnoses were established through X-rays and MRI. Outcome measures were evaluated using the Lysholm score, Tegner score, and Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) at follow-up intervals, with statistical analysis conducted using SPSS version 26.0. Result: The study of 30 patients (mean age 29.73 ± 7.00 years, 90% male) found significant improvements post-surgery: Lysholm scores rose from 48.57 to 89.63, Tegner scores from 3.03 to 7.10, and VAS pain scores dropped from 0.90 to 0.20 (all p < 0.001). Conclusion: Arthroscopic ACL reconstruction using the quadriceps tendon led to significant improvements in knee function, enhanced activity levels, and reduced pain, demonstrating its effectiveness in restoring pre-injury status.

Background: In Placenta Previa the placenta is implanted in the lower uterine segment in pregnancy with previous Caesarian Section there is risk of placenta being adherent with the scar, leading to devastating hemorrhage. The aim of this study was to find out the risk of association of placenta praevia with history of uterine scar. Methods: It was a hospital based observational cross-sectional study and was carried out in Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology. Dhaka Medical College and Hospital, Dhaka from May 2013 to October 2013. Total 50 patients were enrolled as diagnosed case of placental praevia. Patients clinical condition and course of management, perinatal outcome were observed, recorded & categorized Data were analyzed using computer with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software for Windows version 20. Results: This study shows commonest age group was 26-30 years, which included 46%, 36% belonged to 31-35 years age group. The average age was 29.80 years. Most (94%) of the patients were multigravida Maximum (54%) number of cases were admitted during the gestational period of 35-38 weeks. Common clinical presentations were anaemia (80%) and per vaginal bleeding (84%). Regarding management, 76% patients were managed actively and 24% patients were managed expectantly. It was observed that placenta praevia with uterine scar is seen more frequently (66%) in cases of previous caesarean sections. Among 30 patients, 84% were live births, 10% were still births and 6% were neonatal deaths. No maternal death was observed in this study. Conclusion: This study shows strong association between previous caesarean section, uterine curettage and hysterotomy and placenta praevia. Most of the patients were provided with active modality of management. Hence the study advocates the use of contraceptive, advanced antenatal care & early referral to hospital and expectant management of patients after proper selection to reduce the premature birth.

Background: Continuous monitoring of fetal well-being through cardiotocography (CTG) is a standard practice in antenatal care, aiming to detect and manage potential complications. However, interpreting CTG patterns requires expertise and understanding, especially in diverse clinical settings such as those in Bangladesh. Objective: To assess normal and abnormal CTG patterns and their implications for perinatal outcomes in a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted on CTG recordings of pregnant women admitted to the antenatal unit of a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh from January 2024 to June 2024. CTG pattern was abnormal based on established criteria. Perinatal outcomes including fetal distress, neonatal outcomes, and obstetric interventions were recorded and analyzed in relation to CTG findings. The aims of the study were to evaluate the abnormal cardiotocography (CTG) patterns during the antenatal period and their impact on perinatal outcomes at a tertiary level hospital in Bangladesh. Results: The incidence of fetal distress was significantly higher in cases with abnormal CTG patterns compared to normal patterns (p<0.05). Furthermore, neonatal outcomes such as Apgar scores <7 at 1 minute and 5 minutes were more prevalent in pregnancies with abnormal CTG patterns. Among the abnormal CTGs groups, who had more risk factors abnormal outcomes were more. Most of the patients in both the normal and abnormal CTGs groups were associated with DM. In abnormal CTGs groups pre-eclampsia, PROM Many pregnant women had other risk factors associated with DM. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of accurately assessing CTG patterns in the antenatal period for predicting perinatal outcomes. The identification of abnormal CTG patterns can aid in timely interventions to prevent adverse outcomes for both the mother and the newborn.

Aim and background: This systematic review aimed to investigate the efficacy of photobiomodulation (PBM) on the acceleration of orthodontic tooth movement (OTM). Review methods: An extensive electronic search for randomized control trials via Medline (via PubMed), The Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Register, and Science Direct up to October 15, 2023 was done. Hand searching was performed for relevant journals. Reference articles were retrieved and exported to Zotero software. The risk of bias was assessed using Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool for randomized trials (RoB 2). Results: A total of 14 articles were considered for systematic review. Most of the studies arrived at the consensus that photobiomodulation (PBM) indeed accelerates the pace of tooth movement and significantly diminishes the time required for achieving proper tooth alignment. Conclusion: The synthesis of available evidence in our analysis reveals a substantial body of research suggesting a positive effect of PBM on accelerating tooth movement. However, the existing variations in PBM parameters, and outcome measurements emphasize the necessity for more standardized approaches in future investigations.