Abstract: The internet has become a basic requirement in the management of organizations today. If an organization wants to remain relevant at this time and age and retain its competitive edge it has to adopt the usage of the internet. One can hardly imagine a successful enterprise operating without an effective website, for its production, marketing, communication and other business operations. In as much as the internet is a good thing to the management of organizations operations, it has its own challenges affecting employees’ productivity as it is prone to abuse by the employees who may be engaging much of their time in social networks like the facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Whats’ App and browsing different sites during work hours. As much as the internet has assisted in improvements in learning and research; measures need to be put in place in order to ensure that there is control of its usage and that there is a balance between employees’ social needs and organizational needs. The internet can be an incredible business tool as well as a potential threat to the achievement of organizational goals. This paper analyzes recent internet developments and specifically investigates the effect of the internet on employee performance and what some of the consequences would be if employees were allowed unrestricted access to these networks.

Aphallia, congenital absent of penis, is a rare, urogenital malformation of the external genitalia in a genetically male child (karotypically XY). Even though the exact cause is unknown but it is may be due to an awry in development of external genitalia a child. Incidence of aphallia is 1 in 30 million live births. We are presenting 03 cases of aphallia associated with other congenital malformations. This rare problem needs thorough evaluation for possible associated malformations and need multistage and multidisciplinary management.

Abstract: The contributions of pension board schemes to the Nigerian Capital Market have contributed a lot to the economic growth and development such as alleviation of poverty , buying of securities and social belongings to the retire civil servant among others. Pension is all about contract for fixed sum of money deducted from civil servant salary for future usage after retirement. A pension plan is a legally binding contract having an explicit retirement objectives. The Pension Reform Act 2014 was made to meet the challenges and provide effective and effective services. Secondary data was used to provide the theoretical framework for the study. At the end, conclusion and recommendation are provided.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive health. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, infertility, and metabolic disturbances. This study aims to assess the impact of PCOS on reproductive and metabolic health compared to healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at BSMMU, Dhaka, from 2014 to 2015 (one year). Data on demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, hormonal and metabolic parameters, and reproductive health indicators were collected. Hormonal profiles included LH/FSH ratio, serum testosterone, serum insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR. Reproductive health indicators assessed included anovulation, endometrial thickness, ovulation induction success, and time to pregnancy. Treatment outcomes for PCOS-related infertility were also analyzed. Results: The PCOS group exhibited significantly higher rates of irregular menstrual cycles (77.8% vs. 12.5%), hirsutism (66.7% vs. 12.5%), infertility (62.2% vs. 25.0%), insulin resistance (44.4% vs. 12.5%), and obesity (22.2% vs. 12.5%) compared to the control group. Hormonal parameters revealed elevated LH/FSH ratios, serum testosterone, and insulin levels, along with higher fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in the PCOS group. Reproductive health indicators showed greater anovulation, thicker endometrial lining, reduced ovulation induction success, and longer time to pregnancy in the PCOS group. Treatment outcomes varied, with gonadotropins demonstrating the highest response rate (80%). Conclusion: PCOS significantly impacts reproductive health and metabolic parameters. Personalized treatment approaches, emphasizing lifestyle modification and targeted therapies, are crucial for managing PCOS effectively.

Abstract: The total population of Pangkor Island in 2013 is about 17,162 and is made up of two major groups, Chinese residents (48.46%) followed by Malay residents (41.98%). The main economic activities of the residents here are fishing and tourism-related services. In 2010, more than 700000 visitors came to Pangkor Island. Although Pangkor managed to attract many tourists to the island, its infrastructure facilities require urgent upgrading. Despite a huge budget had been allocated for the constituency of Pangkor, the bulk goes to the Royal Malaysian Navy for upgrading the military facility such as the TLDM navy patrol boats. The main problem facing development on Pangkor Island is the lack of space for development. This is due to limited suitable land for development. Due to topographical constraints, only 10.3% of the total land space are suitable for development. Incidence of poverty is still high among the residents. Shortage of low-cost housing to meet the increasing demand of low-income groups has led to a proposal for the redevelopment of the southeastern portion of the island. These issues of social well-being are also linked to the political aspirations of the islanders.

Introduction: Wilms’ tumor or nephroblastoma is an embryonal tumor of childhood. Wilms tumor being the most common primary renal malignancy in children accounts for 5% of childhood malignancies. This study aimed to assess the outcome of Wilms tumor in children who underwent nephroureterectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and evaluate the influence of the stage of disease on treatment outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2012 to July 2015. In our study, we included 30 pediatric patients diagnosed with Wilms tumor who underwent nephroureterectomy at our institution. Result: We found the mean age was 39.5 ± 14.3 months. The majority (63%) of our study patients were male compared to female (37%). Of all 30 patients, 40% were diagnosed with low-stage (stage I to II) disease, and 60% were diagnosed with high-stage (stage III to stage V). The patients with low-stage (stage I to II) disease had a 100% survival rate, whereas the patients with high-stage (stage III to stage V) disease had a 44% survival rate. Among all patients, 22(73%) patients had favorable histology, while 8(27%) patients had unfavorable histology. Conclusion: In our study, the postoperative results were uneventful and the recurrence of symptoms or any other complaints was not observed in any case. The earlier stage of the disease and favorable histology had a higher chance of cure compared to the late stage of the disease or unfavorable histology.

Abstract: Provenance direction research is an important part of the sedimentary faces research. Based on a detailed summary of provenance analysis methods, after scrutinizing the current situation of the study area, this paper focuses on the sand thickness variations, Paleotopograph and single river way direction in the development zone. The results show that it was controlled by northern provenance.

Background: Ovarian tumors represent a significant health issue in women, with varying clinical presentations and histopathological types. Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes. This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation, histopathological diagnosis and their correlation in ovarian tumor cases at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 50 ovarian tumor cases diagnosed between June 2014 and July 2015 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of BSMMU, Dhaka. Clinical and histopathological data were reviewed and the correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnoses was analyzed. Results: The majority of patients were between 20-40 years old (76%) and 68% were premenopausal. Abdominal pain (62%) was the most common symptom. Benign tumors were the most frequent histopathological finding (70%), followed by malignant (24%) and borderline tumors (6%). The most common histopathological subtypes were serous cystadenoma (38%) and mucinous cystadenoma (20%). The clinical diagnosis showed a 94.3% concordance for benign tumors, 83.3% for malignant tumors and 100% for borderline tumors, with an overall concordance of 92%. Conclusion: The study highlights the high concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of ovarian tumors, emphasizing the importance of histopathological evaluation in the accurate diagnosis and management of ovarian tumors. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial in improving patient outcomes.

Abstract: This paper based on crossplot and core data, analysis the Pu Xi oilfield, Putao Hua oil layer ‘s conventional logging response characteristic. Based on the describe of the three cored wells, Putao Hua oil layer is mainly made up with oil-water zone, and judging the Partial oil or water is very difficult. First normalized the well logging curves, elimination the influence of the nongeological factors to the well logging curves.After that, establishe the logging data intersection, and identify the lithology. The lithology crossplot are mainly depand on △SP, GR, HAC, RLLD, RLLS.ILD, ILM At last ensure the fluid standard.

Background: Proper pain management is performed in the post-operative period, knowing that it can directly affect their degree of satisfaction and outcomes. Objective: This study was performed to assess the effect of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic-on post-surgical pain management satisfaction and recovery time. Design: A prospective observational study in the post-operative unit of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia between June 2014 and June 2015 on a sample of 100 postoperative patients. Patients underwent either pharmacologic (ex. PCA pumps) or non-pharmacological interventions (ex. cold therapy), and satisfaction was measured via validated scale. Results: Pain was reduced by pharmacologic strategies in 75% (n=75) of patients with high satisfaction (score >8/10) reported in 68% (n=51). Sixty percent (n=60) of patients received effective pain relief with non-pharmacologic techniques and 55% (n=33) of patients were satisfied. Patients who received combined pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches had the most benefit, with 85% (n=85) having significant pain relief and 78% (n=66) being highly satisfied. Patients treated with both classes had a significantly shorter recovery time (mean: 5 days, compared to those receiving only pharmacologic therapy and non-pharmacologic therapy – mean: 7 and 8 days respectively - a difference of 28.6% reduced recovery rate). There was a statistically significant, strong positive correlation (r=0.72, p<0.05) between effective pain management and patient satisfaction in each of the strategies employed in totality. Conclusions: Multimodal pain management is the clinically-directed perfectible element which has increased patient stay and satisfaction, thus it plays a significant role in post-operative care.

Introduction: Pes anserine bursitis (PAB) is a common cause of knee pain, often overlooked in favor of knee osteoarthritis diagnoses. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of physical therapy and corticosteroid injection in patients with anserine bursitis. Methods: This prospective randomize study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to June 2015. The patients were divided into two groups (A and B). Patients of Group A (25 patients) were treated with physical therapy. Patients of group B (25 patients) were treated with corticosteroid injection. Data, collected through a questionnaire, interviews, and medical records, were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Result: The mean age of patients was 42.25 ± 3.24 years, with Group A comprising 88% males and 12% females, while Group B had 80% males and 20% females. Mean BMI was 24.4 ± 6.3 in Group A and 25.9 ± 5.0 in Group B. Post-treatment, Group B showed significant immediate improvements in pain relief (WOMAC stiffness subscale, p = 0.0398), tenderness index (p = 0.0071), and pain scores (VAS, p = 0.0001). Although both groups improved in function and total WOMAC scores, these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study highlights that both physical therapy and corticosteroid injections are effective treatment options for patients with pes anserine bursitis. Corticosteroid injections offer rapid relief of symptoms, making them beneficial for acute cases, while physical therapy provides better long-term treatment for improvement.

Background: Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns are widely used in clinical dentistry due to their strength and aesthetic qualities, with the metal substructure offering durability and the porcelain veneer providing a natural appearance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns in routine dental practice. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of PFM crowns in daily dental practice. Methods: This prospective observational study took place in the Department of Prosthodontics at BSMMU and beau-dent, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to December 2014, involving 100 patients who received PFM crown restorations. Participants provided informed consent, and data collected included demographics, crown location (anterior or posterior), and porcelain thickness. Failure modes (metal core fracture, porcelain chipping, combined failure) were monitored. Outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: In this study on the fracture resistance of PFM crowns in daily dental practice, 40% of crowns demonstrated fracture resistance greater than 1100 N. The most prevalent failure mode was porcelain chipping, occurring in 55% of cases, highlighting the susceptibility of the porcelain layer to stress-related damage. Fracture resistance varied based on crown location, with 60% of crowns placed in the posterior region. Additionally, the fracture resistance of PFM crowns also varied based on porcelain thickness, with 70% of crowns having a thickness between 1.0–1.5 mm. Conclusion: This study underscores the durability of PFM crowns, highlighting that material strength, design, and clinical factors are crucial for their long-term performance.

Background: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a common but underdiagnosed cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain, characterized by trigger points causing localized and referred pain. Understanding its prevalence and management is crucial for optimizing treatment, especially in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 150 chronic pain patients were assessed for MPS through clinical examination. Data on demographics, affected regions, and management approaches were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: MPS was present in 60.67% (n = 91) of patients. The neck and shoulder (59.34%) were the most commonly affected areas, followed by the lower back (30.77%). Management strategies included pharmacological treatment (68.13%), physical therapy (56.04%), heat/cold therapy (47.25%), and stretching/strengthening exercises (32.97%). Alternative therapies like acupuncture were used by 9.89%. Recurrence was reported in 41.76% of cases. Conclusion: MPS is a major contributor to chronic pain, primarily affecting the neck and shoulder region. While pharmacological treatment is widely used, physical therapy and rehabilitation play a key role in symptom relief. Due to high recurrence rates, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating lifestyle modifications and preventive care is essential. Further research should explore comprehensive treatment strategies for improved MPS management in Bangladesh.

Plant secondary metabolites possess diverse antimicrobial properties which are exploited in traditional medicine for millennia. Five major phytochemical classes such as alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic compounds, organosulfur compounds and tannins are analyzed with respect to their antimicrobial activity. Documented mechanisms of action include inhibition of bacterial topoisomerases and DNA gyrase, disruption of cell membrane integrity, interference with energy metabolism, iron chelation and suppression of virulence factors and biofilm formation. Quantitative evidence demonstrates that numerous phytochemicals achieve Minimum Inhibitory Concentrations (MICs) comparable to or superior to conventional antibiotics, with several compounds displaying synergistic potential when combined with standard antimicrobial agents. Structure-activity relationships have been elucidated for flavonoids and alkaloids, facilitating rational design of more potent derivatives. Despite considerable promise in preclinical investigations and agricultural applications, translation to human clinical therapeutics remains limited due to bioavailability constraints, lack of standardization, and insufficient large-scale clinical trials. Thus, this paper is an attempt to examine the efficacy, mechanisms of action and therapeutic potential of phytochemicals against bacterial, fungal and viral pathogens.

Abstract: Holistic Dentistry or biologic Dentistry is an age old alternative approach that is based on the assertion that the whole body is one unit and any changes in one part of this unit can have an impact on the whole unit. Traditional Dentistry deals with the head and neck region in general and oral cavity unequivocally but Holistic Dentistry deals with the unrecognized impact of Oral health on the overall health of a person. It focuses on the use of on-toxic restorative materials along with incorporation of techniques like Acupuncture and Neural therapy. Although this concept and practice has brought about a tranquil revolution but some of the complementary methods followed by Holistic Dentists are under criticism. It is a paradigm or a philosophy within Dentistry and not a specialty. This article is intended to provide information on the current status of Holistic Dentistry as Natural approaches to Oral Health, its scope and its various approaches.