Climate change is driving an unprecedented decline in global biodiversity, with far-reaching economic consequences that remain underestimated in policy and business decision-making. As temperatures rise and ecosystems degrade, the loss of species and habitats is triggering cascading financial impacts across key sectors. Thus, this paper examines the hidden economic costs of biodiversity loss linked to climate change, revealing how ecosystem collapse threatens food security, increases disaster risks and destabilizes industries. The mass extinction disrupts critical ecosystem services that underpin economic activity. For instance, pollinator losses endanger annual crop production, while collapsing marine ecosystems could reduce global fisheries. Similarly, the degradation of coral reefs leaves coastal communities vulnerable to storms and erodes tourism revenue. The economic risks extend beyond primary industries. Biodiversity loss heightens financial system vulnerabilities, with central banks and insurers increasingly recognizing it as a systemic threat. Degraded landscapes diminish asset values in agriculture and forestry, while species extinction limits biotechnological innovation, including life-saving medical research. Furthermore, nature’s declining capacity to buffer disasters such as floods and wildfires imposes growing costs on governments with crippling economic impacts. Thus, addressing the biodiversity-climate-economic nexus is not merely an ecological imperative but an urgent financial need.

Abstract: The Small scale business has been recognized as one of the key factor for national economic growth which measure the country business activities that shaped the country balance of payment, and improve standard of living of citizens, Small scale Business (SME) which is considered as sound foundation for industrial take up where it preserves societal culture and value that are so paramount to economic growth and Development. This paper further analyzed the role of small-scale business to National Economic Growth and Development that lead to employment generation, providing source of innovation and other transformation of localization to modernization among others, however, the paper also paid attention to the problems/environmental challenges which in one way or another hinders the progress/ survival of Small scale business. Severe lack of technical and managerial skill, inadequate financial support among others.. Some suggestions/recommendations were drown, if properly implemented it go along way in improving the activities of Small Scale Business in the country. such as, increasing availability of credit by reducing interest rate to single digit and permitting a “spread” that makes it worthwhile for banks to lend to small-scale business or by increasing the number and range of investment etc. if Government should find a way of dignifying labour, problems of small-scale business will be a thing of the past.

The contemporary consumer society represents a fundamentally unsustainable relationship with material goods, one in which the logic of endless accumulation and disposal has become institutionalized as normal. This paper examines the interconnected phenomena of planned obsolescence and waste generation as defining characteristics of modern consumer capitalism, utilizing sociological frameworks to demonstrate that pollution. Drawing on critical theories from Vance Packard to Jean Baudrillard and situating analysis within environmental sociology, this examination reveals how consumer culture manufactures both desire and waste as mechanisms for perpetuating capital accumulation. Understanding consumer society as a polluted society requires moving beyond individual behavioural explanations to interrogate the structural imperatives of capitalism that mandate overproduction, planned product failure and the externalization of environmental costs onto marginalized communities and the Global South.

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease has moved to the front burners as a hot debate among the social scholars as well in the recent years. That is because although the causes of Alzheimer’s disease are mainly seen as biological, the effects of it are usually displaying themselves socio-psychologically for both the aged and caregivers. That is why this study focuses on the reviews of debates on the conceptual framework of Alzheimer’s disease to shed the light on its perception in Turkey. Since a person’s condition declines with Alzheimer’s, a fragile situation comes about in terms of social exclusion of him or her. It is not only his or her withdrawal from society, but also family members sometimes develop some exclusion practices against him or her due to heavy burden of disease on their shoulders. Therefore, this study examines the nature of social exclusion of the older adults facing Alzheimer’s disease in case of Turkey. However, the social programs and services have been developed by the government for Alzheimer’s patients to change the context of exclusion by promoting their social inclusion. In particular, social support system plays a strong role on the wellbeing of caregivers facing role strain. That is why this work aims at raising awareness in the society to see both faces of the same coin for benefit of patients and caregivers. Although Alzheimer’s disease is not a new phenomenon, the understanding of this disease is still poor even in aging societies. In this respect, it is interesting to note that it is only evaluated in the field of psychiatry. Therefore, this article tries to develop a new understanding to see its reflections in a multidisciplinary perspective.

Abstract: Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa is the most useful traditional plant being used in India for medicinal purposes from centuries. There is evidence that these plants have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Work has been done on the wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activities of these plants and investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of these effects for their better therapeutic utilization. This experiment was done on forty healthy ginea pigs dividing it in four groups, group A were treated with aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica plant leaves, group B by the fine powder of Curcuma longa root, group C Framycetin sulphate ointment and group D only with distilled water. Two wound of 6 cm length were made through the full thickness of the skin on the either side of the vertebral column under local anesthesia was created and treated by above mentioned drugs. Histomarphological study and time taken in wound healing was noted for different group animals. Statistical analysis of the data was done by applying unpaired t-test. Cellular infiltration, neovascularization, fibroblast proliferation, epithelialization and collageniaztion all were faster in wound healing by primary intention with aqueous extract of both Azadirachta indica leaves and fine powder of Curcuma longa rhizomes treated groups when it was compared with control. The process of healing was found faster with aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves when it was compared with fine powder of Curcuma longa rhizomes.

In the competitive world of athletics, the pursuit of peak performance and rapid recovery often drives athletes to explore a wide range of therapeutic options. Among these, herbal interventions have garnered significant and growing interest, emerging as a prominent area of both use and scientific inquiry within the field of sports medicine. The paper is an attempt to analyse the use of medicinal plants for enhancing athletic performance, accelerating recovery and managing common sports-related injuries. The appeal of these natural products often lies in their perceived safety profile, historical use and potential as adjunctive or alternative therapies to conventional pharmacological agents, which may be associated with undesirable side effects or regulatory restrictions. The scope of herbal applications in sports is broad, targeting several key physiological domains. A primary focus is on the reduction of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Herbs such as turmeric (Curcuma longa), with its active component curcumin, and ginger (Zingiber officinale) have been extensively studied for their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The potential of various herbals/products to modulate inflammation, alleviate muscle cramps/pain, recovery from soft tissue injuries and speeding the repair process are well established. Beyond recovery, numerous herbs are purported to directly enhance physical performance and endurance. However, a thorough understanding of herb-drug interactions and rigorous attention to product quality is paramount for sports medicine practitioners and athletes considering these natural products as part of a comprehensive and safe training and recovery regimen.

Abstract: This study examines the determinant of dividend payout in the Nigerian banking industry over the period 2004-2013. The study used five sample banks out of fourteen banks quoted on the floor of the Nigerian stock Exchange as at December 2012. Secondary data were used for the research work and the data were obtained from Nigerian Stock Exchange (NSE) fact book 2011/2012. The variables used were dividend payout, profitability, liquidity, Size and financial leverage. The data collected was analyzed using multiple regression and Pearson correlation. The finding revealed that profitability, liquidity, size and leverage proved to be the determinant of dividend payout of banks in Nigeria, while liquidity and profitability are the most critical factors determining dividend payout of banks in Nigeria. It is recommended that Banks should try all their best in improving their liquidity position since it has greater influence.

Abstract: A novel stability indicating RP-HPLC method having a very short run time was developed and validated for determination of assay of Voriconazole in bulk solution, lyophilized injectable dosage form and in physiological compatible solutions. The method is novel, rapid, precise, accurate and capable of separating known impurities and degradants from Voriconazole peak proving the stability-indicating nature of the method. The analytical method consists of isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min on a Devolosil C18 column (100 x 4.6 mm, 3μm) at temperature of 45°C and UV detection wavelength of 254 nm. 10µL of the voriconazole sample was injected and peak was eluted at about 2.5 min. with total run time of 10 minutes. The % recovery was well within the range between 98% and 102%. The RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and can be successfully applied for routine analysis of Voriconazole in bulk samples and its formulations.

Abstract: This essay use the contact relation between the amplitude, shape, or, smooth degree of conventional log natural gamma ray, natural potential, deep lateral resistivity curve to analysis The sedimentary facies in the study area . According to the characteristics of different logging facies, 3 sedimentary facies and 26 sedimentary microfacies are identified. Including the micro facies of the heart, braided channel, the micro channel of the channel, the sand of the overflow, the microfacies of the sand table. On the basis of the identification of well logging facies, the micro phase diagram of the representative layer is precisely plotted.

Abstract: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing at an alarming rate both nationally and worldwide, there is increased evidence in correlation between vitaminD(vitD),calcium, phosphorus and magnesium, altered vitamin D and calcium homeostasis may play role in the development of type2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) this study aimed to evaluate calcium, phosphorus and magnesium in vit D deficient T2DM. A cross-sectional study Was Conducted in Khartoum state, 120 type2 diabetic patients enrolled, aged between 25-80 years, then classified in to two groups based on vitamin D level (<30 ng/ml represent study group (deficient),while >30ng/ml represent control),Anthropometrics parameters (age, gender, and body mass index),diabetes duration were examined.Glucose,25hydroxyvitamin(25-OHVitD), calcium, phosphorus and magnesium level was measured. Prevalence of type 2 DM and BMI>26.5 more frequent in females (63%, 77.60%) respectively compared to males (37%, 65.90%).Diabetic females have highly vitD deficiency compared to males (75% vs. 45.45%),study showed correlation between vitD, calcium and magnesium (r =0.2365,0.4467) respectively and inversely correlated with phosphorus (r=0.4467), although there was no different in mean of calcium, phosphorus and magnesium between two group (blood glucose<180 mg/dl and blood glucose>180mg/dl)P-value <0.05. our preliminary findings conclude calcium, magnesium and phosphate are essential nutrients in vitamin D deficient T2DM patients.

Abstract: This study examined the effect of home background, environmental factors, emotional intelligence and peer influence on students’ academic performance. For the successful execution of this research work, primary data via self-administered questionnaires was employed. These were administered to 150 randomly selected secondary school students (male and female) in Abeokuta metropolis of Ogun State vis-à-vis stratified and simple random sampling technique. Data collected were analysed electronically using SPSS 21. The analysis techniques employed were Percentages, Multiple Regression, Correlation Matrix and Coefficient of Determination. Results from the analysis revealed that home background, environmental factors and emotional intelligence have positive effect on students’ academic performance while peer influence has negative effect on students’ academic performance. However, of the three positive effects from home background, environmental factors and emotional intelligence, only the positive effects from environmental factors and emotional intelligence is statistically significant at 95% confidence level. Home background exerts insignificant effects on students’ academic performance. The negative effect of peer influenceis statistically significant on students’ academic performance.In terms of magnitude of effect, emotional intelligence has the most effect on students’ academic performance followed by environmental factors, home background and peer influence.The regression ANOVA indicates that the effects of home background, environmental factors, emotional intelligence and peer influence are jointly significant on students’ academic performance. In addition, home background, environmental factors, emotional intelligence and peer influencecontribute to approximately 30.9% of the variation in students’ academic performance. The multiple correlation coefficient value of 0.556 indicates that there is an average positive but imperfect relationship between the regressand (academic performance) and the regressors (home background, environmental factor, emotional intelligence and peer influence).

Abstract: Metal clusters at zero oxidation sate are found to have very good applications in medical and bio-medical field of research including drug designing. Very recently organometallic carbonyl clusters of group 8 elements are tested as very good contrast agent for photoacoustic spectroscopy based live cell imaging. Quantum computation based investigation is initiated by Bag and Ghorai to improve contrast behavior of this class of compounds. In this article I have presented the efficiency of glucose modified bicyclophosphite derivative of tri-ruthenium carbonyl clusters as photoacoustic contrast agent. I have studied the effect of number of substitutions. In my calculation solvent effect is also included.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil from salvia officinalis collected from north east of Algeria. The oil was isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. The yield of the essential oil was 1.48% (v/w) and thirty seven constituents were identified according to their chromatographic retention times and mass spectra, corresponding to 100% of the compounds present. The major constituents of the oil were caryophyllene (25.87%), 1-alpha- Terpineol (16.85%), (+)-Ledene (10.05%) and Allo-aromadendrene (6.99%). The essential oil studied was not similar to those found in the literature; however, the main compounds of this oil present several interesting biological activities.

Abstract: The binary quadratic equation representing the hyperbola is analyzed for its distinct integer solutions. A few properties among the solutions are presented Employing the integral solutions of the quadratic equation under consideration, a special Pythagorean triangle is obtained.