Background: Porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns are widely used in clinical dentistry due to their strength and aesthetic qualities, with the metal substructure offering durability and the porcelain veneer providing a natural appearance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of porcelain-fused-to-metal (PFM) crowns in routine dental practice. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of PFM crowns in daily dental practice. Methods: This prospective observational study took place in the Department of Prosthodontics at BSMMU and beau-dent, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from January to December 2014, involving 100 patients who received PFM crown restorations. Participants provided informed consent, and data collected included demographics, crown location (anterior or posterior), and porcelain thickness. Failure modes (metal core fracture, porcelain chipping, combined failure) were monitored. Outcomes were analyzed using SPSS version 22.0. Results: In this study on the fracture resistance of PFM crowns in daily dental practice, 40% of crowns demonstrated fracture resistance greater than 1100 N. The most prevalent failure mode was porcelain chipping, occurring in 55% of cases, highlighting the susceptibility of the porcelain layer to stress-related damage. Fracture resistance varied based on crown location, with 60% of crowns placed in the posterior region. Additionally, the fracture resistance of PFM crowns also varied based on porcelain thickness, with 70% of crowns having a thickness between 1.0–1.5 mm. Conclusion: This study underscores the durability of PFM crowns, highlighting that material strength, design, and clinical factors are crucial for their long-term performance.

Abstract: Trust region methods are a class of numerical methods for optimization. They compute a trial step by solving a trust region sub-problem where a model function is minimized within a trust region. In this paper, we review recent results on non-monotone trust region methods for unconstrained optimization problems. Generally, non-monotone trust region algorithms with non-monotone technique are more effective than the traditional ones, especially when coping with some extreme nonlinear optimization problems. Results on trust region sub-problems and regularization methods are also discussed.

Background: Proper pain management is performed in the post-operative period, knowing that it can directly affect their degree of satisfaction and outcomes. Objective: This study was performed to assess the effect of non-pharmacologic and pharmacologic-on post-surgical pain management satisfaction and recovery time. Design: A prospective observational study in the post-operative unit of Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia between June 2014 and June 2015 on a sample of 100 postoperative patients. Patients underwent either pharmacologic (ex. PCA pumps) or non-pharmacological interventions (ex. cold therapy), and satisfaction was measured via validated scale. Results: Pain was reduced by pharmacologic strategies in 75% (n=75) of patients with high satisfaction (score >8/10) reported in 68% (n=51). Sixty percent (n=60) of patients received effective pain relief with non-pharmacologic techniques and 55% (n=33) of patients were satisfied. Patients who received combined pharmacologic and non-pharmacologic approaches had the most benefit, with 85% (n=85) having significant pain relief and 78% (n=66) being highly satisfied. Patients treated with both classes had a significantly shorter recovery time (mean: 5 days, compared to those receiving only pharmacologic therapy and non-pharmacologic therapy – mean: 7 and 8 days respectively - a difference of 28.6% reduced recovery rate). There was a statistically significant, strong positive correlation (r=0.72, p<0.05) between effective pain management and patient satisfaction in each of the strategies employed in totality. Conclusions: Multimodal pain management is the clinically-directed perfectible element which has increased patient stay and satisfaction, thus it plays a significant role in post-operative care.

Abstract: This paper based on crossplot and core data, analysis the Pu Xi oilfield, Putao Hua oil layer ‘s conventional logging response characteristic. Based on the describe of the three cored wells, Putao Hua oil layer is mainly made up with oil-water zone, and judging the Partial oil or water is very difficult. First normalized the well logging curves, elimination the influence of the nongeological factors to the well logging curves.After that, establishe the logging data intersection, and identify the lithology. The lithology crossplot are mainly depand on △SP, GR, HAC, RLLD, RLLS.ILD, ILM At last ensure the fluid standard.

Aphallia, congenital absent of penis, is a rare, urogenital malformation of the external genitalia in a genetically male child (karotypically XY). Even though the exact cause is unknown but it is may be due to an awry in development of external genitalia a child. Incidence of aphallia is 1 in 30 million live births. We are presenting 03 cases of aphallia associated with other congenital malformations. This rare problem needs thorough evaluation for possible associated malformations and need multistage and multidisciplinary management.

Background: Ovarian tumors represent a significant health issue in women, with varying clinical presentations and histopathological types. Accurate diagnosis and management are crucial for improving outcomes. This study aimed to assess the clinical presentation, histopathological diagnosis and their correlation in ovarian tumor cases at a tertiary hospital in Bangladesh. Methods: This retrospective study was conducted on 50 ovarian tumor cases diagnosed between June 2014 and July 2015 at the Obstetrics and Gynecology Department of BSMMU, Dhaka. Clinical and histopathological data were reviewed and the correlation between clinical and histopathological diagnoses was analyzed. Results: The majority of patients were between 20-40 years old (76%) and 68% were premenopausal. Abdominal pain (62%) was the most common symptom. Benign tumors were the most frequent histopathological finding (70%), followed by malignant (24%) and borderline tumors (6%). The most common histopathological subtypes were serous cystadenoma (38%) and mucinous cystadenoma (20%). The clinical diagnosis showed a 94.3% concordance for benign tumors, 83.3% for malignant tumors and 100% for borderline tumors, with an overall concordance of 92%. Conclusion: The study highlights the high concordance between clinical and histopathological diagnoses of ovarian tumors, emphasizing the importance of histopathological evaluation in the accurate diagnosis and management of ovarian tumors. Early detection and timely intervention are crucial in improving patient outcomes.

Background: Polycystic Ovary Syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder affecting reproductive health. It is characterized by irregular menstrual cycles, hirsutism, infertility, and metabolic disturbances. This study aims to assess the impact of PCOS on reproductive and metabolic health compared to healthy controls. Methods: This cross-sectional comparative study was conducted at BSMMU, Dhaka, from 2014 to 2015 (one year). Data on demographic characteristics, clinical outcomes, hormonal and metabolic parameters, and reproductive health indicators were collected. Hormonal profiles included LH/FSH ratio, serum testosterone, serum insulin, fasting glucose, and HOMA-IR. Reproductive health indicators assessed included anovulation, endometrial thickness, ovulation induction success, and time to pregnancy. Treatment outcomes for PCOS-related infertility were also analyzed. Results: The PCOS group exhibited significantly higher rates of irregular menstrual cycles (77.8% vs. 12.5%), hirsutism (66.7% vs. 12.5%), infertility (62.2% vs. 25.0%), insulin resistance (44.4% vs. 12.5%), and obesity (22.2% vs. 12.5%) compared to the control group. Hormonal parameters revealed elevated LH/FSH ratios, serum testosterone, and insulin levels, along with higher fasting glucose and HOMA-IR in the PCOS group. Reproductive health indicators showed greater anovulation, thicker endometrial lining, reduced ovulation induction success, and longer time to pregnancy in the PCOS group. Treatment outcomes varied, with gonadotropins demonstrating the highest response rate (80%). Conclusion: PCOS significantly impacts reproductive health and metabolic parameters. Personalized treatment approaches, emphasizing lifestyle modification and targeted therapies, are crucial for managing PCOS effectively.

Introduction: Wilms’ tumor or nephroblastoma is an embryonal tumor of childhood. Wilms tumor being the most common primary renal malignancy in children accounts for 5% of childhood malignancies. This study aimed to assess the outcome of Wilms tumor in children who underwent nephroureterectomy after neoadjuvant chemotherapy and evaluate the influence of the stage of disease on treatment outcomes. Methods: This was a retrospective observational study conducted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh during the period from January 2012 to July 2015. In our study, we included 30 pediatric patients diagnosed with Wilms tumor who underwent nephroureterectomy at our institution. Result: We found the mean age was 39.5 ± 14.3 months. The majority (63%) of our study patients were male compared to female (37%). Of all 30 patients, 40% were diagnosed with low-stage (stage I to II) disease, and 60% were diagnosed with high-stage (stage III to stage V). The patients with low-stage (stage I to II) disease had a 100% survival rate, whereas the patients with high-stage (stage III to stage V) disease had a 44% survival rate. Among all patients, 22(73%) patients had favorable histology, while 8(27%) patients had unfavorable histology. Conclusion: In our study, the postoperative results were uneventful and the recurrence of symptoms or any other complaints was not observed in any case. The earlier stage of the disease and favorable histology had a higher chance of cure compared to the late stage of the disease or unfavorable histology.

Abstract: Holistic Dentistry or biologic Dentistry is an age old alternative approach that is based on the assertion that the whole body is one unit and any changes in one part of this unit can have an impact on the whole unit. Traditional Dentistry deals with the head and neck region in general and oral cavity unequivocally but Holistic Dentistry deals with the unrecognized impact of Oral health on the overall health of a person. It focuses on the use of on-toxic restorative materials along with incorporation of techniques like Acupuncture and Neural therapy. Although this concept and practice has brought about a tranquil revolution but some of the complementary methods followed by Holistic Dentists are under criticism. It is a paradigm or a philosophy within Dentistry and not a specialty. This article is intended to provide information on the current status of Holistic Dentistry as Natural approaches to Oral Health, its scope and its various approaches.

Abstract: The Small scale business has been recognized as one of the key factor for national economic growth which measure the country business activities that shaped the country balance of payment, and improve standard of living of citizens, Small scale Business (SME) which is considered as sound foundation for industrial take up where it preserves societal culture and value that are so paramount to economic growth and Development. This paper further analyzed the role of small-scale business to National Economic Growth and Development that lead to employment generation, providing source of innovation and other transformation of localization to modernization among others, however, the paper also paid attention to the problems/environmental challenges which in one way or another hinders the progress/ survival of Small scale business. Severe lack of technical and managerial skill, inadequate financial support among others.. Some suggestions/recommendations were drown, if properly implemented it go along way in improving the activities of Small Scale Business in the country. such as, increasing availability of credit by reducing interest rate to single digit and permitting a “spread” that makes it worthwhile for banks to lend to small-scale business or by increasing the number and range of investment etc. if Government should find a way of dignifying labour, problems of small-scale business will be a thing of the past.

Abstract: Alzheimer’s disease has moved to the front burners as a hot debate among the social scholars as well in the recent years. That is because although the causes of Alzheimer’s disease are mainly seen as biological, the effects of it are usually displaying themselves socio-psychologically for both the aged and caregivers. That is why this study focuses on the reviews of debates on the conceptual framework of Alzheimer’s disease to shed the light on its perception in Turkey. Since a person’s condition declines with Alzheimer’s, a fragile situation comes about in terms of social exclusion of him or her. It is not only his or her withdrawal from society, but also family members sometimes develop some exclusion practices against him or her due to heavy burden of disease on their shoulders. Therefore, this study examines the nature of social exclusion of the older adults facing Alzheimer’s disease in case of Turkey. However, the social programs and services have been developed by the government for Alzheimer’s patients to change the context of exclusion by promoting their social inclusion. In particular, social support system plays a strong role on the wellbeing of caregivers facing role strain. That is why this work aims at raising awareness in the society to see both faces of the same coin for benefit of patients and caregivers. Although Alzheimer’s disease is not a new phenomenon, the understanding of this disease is still poor even in aging societies. In this respect, it is interesting to note that it is only evaluated in the field of psychiatry. Therefore, this article tries to develop a new understanding to see its reflections in a multidisciplinary perspective.

Abstract: Azadirachta indica and Curcuma longa is the most useful traditional plant being used in India for medicinal purposes from centuries. There is evidence that these plants have anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antipyretic, antioxidant and anticancer activities. Work has been done on the wound-healing and anti-inflammatory activities of these plants and investigation is needed to understand the mechanism of these effects for their better therapeutic utilization. This experiment was done on forty healthy ginea pigs dividing it in four groups, group A were treated with aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica plant leaves, group B by the fine powder of Curcuma longa root, group C Framycetin sulphate ointment and group D only with distilled water. Two wound of 6 cm length were made through the full thickness of the skin on the either side of the vertebral column under local anesthesia was created and treated by above mentioned drugs. Histomarphological study and time taken in wound healing was noted for different group animals. Statistical analysis of the data was done by applying unpaired t-test. Cellular infiltration, neovascularization, fibroblast proliferation, epithelialization and collageniaztion all were faster in wound healing by primary intention with aqueous extract of both Azadirachta indica leaves and fine powder of Curcuma longa rhizomes treated groups when it was compared with control. The process of healing was found faster with aqueous extract of Azadirachta indica leaves when it was compared with fine powder of Curcuma longa rhizomes.

In the competitive world of athletics, the pursuit of peak performance and rapid recovery often drives athletes to explore a wide range of therapeutic options. Among these, herbal interventions have garnered significant and growing interest, emerging as a prominent area of both use and scientific inquiry within the field of sports medicine. The paper is an attempt to analyse the use of medicinal plants for enhancing athletic performance, accelerating recovery and managing common sports-related injuries. The appeal of these natural products often lies in their perceived safety profile, historical use and potential as adjunctive or alternative therapies to conventional pharmacological agents, which may be associated with undesirable side effects or regulatory restrictions. The scope of herbal applications in sports is broad, targeting several key physiological domains. A primary focus is on the reduction of exercise-induced inflammation and oxidative stress. Herbs such as turmeric (Curcuma longa), with its active component curcumin, and ginger (Zingiber officinale) have been extensively studied for their potent anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The potential of various herbals/products to modulate inflammation, alleviate muscle cramps/pain, recovery from soft tissue injuries and speeding the repair process are well established. Beyond recovery, numerous herbs are purported to directly enhance physical performance and endurance. However, a thorough understanding of herb-drug interactions and rigorous attention to product quality is paramount for sports medicine practitioners and athletes considering these natural products as part of a comprehensive and safe training and recovery regimen.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to investigate the chemical composition of the essential oil from salvia officinalis collected from north east of Algeria. The oil was isolated by hydrodistillation in a Clevenger-type apparatus and analyzed by GC/MS. The yield of the essential oil was 1.48% (v/w) and thirty seven constituents were identified according to their chromatographic retention times and mass spectra, corresponding to 100% of the compounds present. The major constituents of the oil were caryophyllene (25.87%), 1-alpha- Terpineol (16.85%), (+)-Ledene (10.05%) and Allo-aromadendrene (6.99%). The essential oil studied was not similar to those found in the literature; however, the main compounds of this oil present several interesting biological activities.

Abstract: A novel stability indicating RP-HPLC method having a very short run time was developed and validated for determination of assay of Voriconazole in bulk solution, lyophilized injectable dosage form and in physiological compatible solutions. The method is novel, rapid, precise, accurate and capable of separating known impurities and degradants from Voriconazole peak proving the stability-indicating nature of the method. The analytical method consists of isocratic elution at a flow rate of 0.8 mL/min on a Devolosil C18 column (100 x 4.6 mm, 3μm) at temperature of 45°C and UV detection wavelength of 254 nm. 10µL of the voriconazole sample was injected and peak was eluted at about 2.5 min. with total run time of 10 minutes. The % recovery was well within the range between 98% and 102%. The RSD for precision and accuracy of the method was found to be less than 2%. The method was validated as per the International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines and can be successfully applied for routine analysis of Voriconazole in bulk samples and its formulations.