This article seeks to answer the Western misconception about Islam and radicalism. It explores and contrasts the world major religions and philosophies. The central goal was to explore the claim that Islamic identities and beliefs promote violence. With this in mind, the researcher used three frames of analysis namely organizational analysis theory (political power vacuum), Islamic analysis and leadership influence (charismatic quality of a leader). This approach allowed the researcher to objectively explore and analyze the central arguments in a way that allows the researcher to critique and or challenge the Western myth about Islam.

This study was an evaluation of information literacy skills of County Women representatives in Kenya. The study adopted quantitative research approach techniques. The findings established that there is great need of information literacy skills amongst County Women representatives. The study recommended a continuous training in all aspects of information literacy to both parliamentarians and parliamentary library staff to keep them on board with advancing information technology. This will help in enhancing the quality of information generated at parliament for policy development in social, economic and political spheres.

This study dealt with the assessment of the phytochemicals, antibacterial and mineral analysis of methanol extract of leaf Newbouldia laevis and its fractions (hexane, chloroform and ethyl acetate). Quantitative phytochemical screenings were done by various standard laboratory methods. Quantitative phytochemical screening was carried out using spectrophotometry method while mineral analysis was determined by atomic absorption spectrophotometric method. Antibacterial activity was investigated using agar well diffusion method. The result obtained from the phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenols, oxalate, tannin, saponin among others. The antibacterial activity of Newbouldia laevis leaf extracts was tested on Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiellia pneumonia, and Streptococcus pneumonia. Antibacterial effect of Newbouldia laevis leaf showed that only nhexane fraction was capable of inhibiting all microorganisms used except Staphylococcus aureus in concentration dependent manner. Chloroform fraction was found to inhibit only E.coli at higher concentration (100-150 mg/ml) as indicated in the zone of inhibition, while it has no effect on other bacteria. Methanol extract showed inhibition activity only on S. aureus at 100-150 mg/ml. All the microorganisms showed resistance to the aqueous fraction of Newbouldia laevis leaf. Mineral analysis revealed the presence of Zn, Co, Cd, Cu, Ca, Fe and Mn. These results could suggest the promising chemopreventive use of Newbouldia laevis and some of its active principles in the treatment of infections.

Congenital constriction band syndrome is a congenital disorder caused by entrapment of parts in fibrous band while in utero. A review of the operating register revealed only two cases in three years. We are presenting a case report of a patient and a literature review pointing out the rarity, aetiology, mechanisms, diagnosis and different treatment options. The condition has good prognosis.

Polygyny is a common practice in a wide range of societies across the globe. Increasingly, many studies suggested that polygyny has a significant impact on mental health. This study aimed to investigate the impact of polygynous family structure on the mental health of students at Jazan University. A stratified sample of 489 undergraduate students, 379 of whom were from monogynous families and 110 were from polygynous families, participated in this study. The participants completed the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI-18), the McMaster Family Assessment Device (FAD), and the Self-esteem Scale (SE). Independent-samples t-tests were employed to compare psychiatric symptoms, general family functioning, and self-esteem of students from polygynous families and students from monogynous families. Regression analysis was conducted to detect the main predictors of the study's dependent variables. The students from polygynous and monogynous family structures did not differ significantly in their scores on the scales of mental health, family functioning, and self-esteem. Low mother's education was significantly associated with the prevalence of polygynous family and was a strong predictor of poor family functioning. Female gender was significantly associated with more somatization (p<0.01) and anxiety (p<0.05) symptoms. The findings of the present study suggest that University students' mental health did not differ significantly with respect to their family structure. Implications for health practitioners, teachers, and policy makers are discussed. Future studies could investigate the impact of polygyny on mental health of children, adolescents, and fathers and mothers themselves.

In the health sector, there is an emergent attention in spiritual care, which has resulted in more research around the topic spirituality and spiritual care. But, here is little research showing how nurse’s provide spiritual care. Nursing care of quality recognized by patient supporting and enhance overall patients spiritual needs. In nursing profession used skills for patient care as a set of spiritual care. The therapeutic relationship between nurses and patients sign of spirituality. Nurses responsible to listen actively, show empathy and hope and provide all facilities for patients. Aim of this study, “to assess spirituality and spiritual care in nursing practice in public hospitals Pakistan”. Descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2017 from nurses at work in public hospital, Pakistan. Data were collected using the spirituality and spiritual care related questions. Total 251 female nurses’ participants completed the survey questionnaire. Questionnaire were completed by 100% (n=251) of the intended convenience sample. Data was analyzed using SSPS 0.21. Descriptive inferential statistics, chi-square, correlation and regression were used for the study. Significant association found among spirituality and spiritual care, the average score spirituality 50.6% and spiritual care was, 41.4% result indicating a fair score. Education is warranted to improve nurses ‘more consciousness related to patient spiritual needs. Spiritual education considerate these needs that provide to nurses with these opportunities to address spirituality and spiritual care that reflect the nurses- patient rapport.

The current study assesses the knowledge and practices towards maintenance and care of the peripheral intravenous cannulation among the nurses of public hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. The data was collected from 240 nurses of Services hospital Lahore, Pakistan through convenient sampling. The results of the current study depict that nurses of Services hospital, Lahore, Pakistan have good knowledge regarding care and IV cannula but lack the practices. Therefore, healthcare provider should train the nurses to improve the practices in the public hospitals especially. SPSS 21 used to analyze the data. Limitations and recommendations are given in the end of this study

The purpose if this paper is to outline the prevailing situation in Mexico related to the lack of matriculation in higher education. It discusses the few economic aid alternatives in existence, as well the way to approach them through a savings scheme as a means to enable financing to access higher education in a private institution. The study is conducted in the metropolitan area of Boca del Río, Veracruz. All this with the purpose of showing, on one side the tuition costs in private schools and on the other hand, the actual interest rates in savings schemes given by national financial institutions. As a result, two possibly accessible saving schemes were found. This also more efficiently accomplishes the objective set and with less investment, which is to save in order to cover the cost of higher education in a private school. Within this background, the development of the financial calculations that support this proposal is shown.

Surgical Site Infection (SSI) is a one of the most common healthcare-associated infection which has a great impact on patient safety. Knowledge and practices of nurses play a key role for the prevention of spread of infection. To provide quality of care, it is very important for nurses to have good knowledge and practice towards prevention of SSI. A descriptive correlation study was conducted in two public hospitals Mayo Hospital and Lady Willingdon Hospital Lahore Pakistan to assess nurses’ knowledge and practice regarding prevention of Surgical Site Infection and to determine relationship between both variables. A validated questionnaire and convenient sampling technique was used on 131 nurses to collect data. Descriptive statistics and Pearson Product Moment Correlation test was used to analyze the data on SPSS version 21. Data revealed that majority of the participants were within age between 20-30 yrs with job experience 1-5 years, majority were holding General nursing and Midwifery Diploma. Majority nurses showed poor level of knowledge while good level of practices towards prevention of surgical site infection was found. A strong negative significant relationship was found between knowledge and practice of nurses. The Findings of current study demonstrated poor knowledge which suggests an urgent need of educational and awareness programs for improvement in nurses’ knowledge regarding prevention of surgical site infection.

The aim of the study was to find out the causes of Lay women marginalization as they perform socio-spiritual roles in Christian churches in Kisii central sub county in Kenya and their effects to the Christian churches. The study design was cross- sectional survey that was performed in Kisii County Sub-county in Kenya. Self administered questionnaire were administered to 375 Lay church members and 34 to Christian church leaders. Data was collected and analyzed descriptively so as to find out the causes of marginalization among the Lay women in Christian churches and their effects. The study outcome showed that there numerous causes of women marginalization in Christian churches which affects the church growth, it was also noted that the causes of Lay women marginalization varied from one denomination to the other due to differences in social, economic and political situations where the churches are located. Lay women empowerment on how they can participate fully in performing social-spiritual roles in Christian churches needs to be enhanced. There is need for cultivation in order to create doctrines that practices that advocates for equality of both gender in the church.

Auricular keloids are common skin disease among the Negro race which complicates ear piercing, trauma and post burns injury. Injection corticosteroid (triamcinolone) is a simple modality of treatment that is being used we aim at finding out the more appropriate time to start triamcinolone injection after surgery of fresh or recurrent keloids. We prospectively recruited 43 patients with 59 keloids who had new and recurrent keloids from Jan, 2014 to Dec. 2015. The patients had one to three keloids per each auricle or bilaterally. The patients were randomized into two groups, viz: group 1 were 21 patients who were injected intra-operatively while group 2 were 22 patients who were first injected on the seventh day post-surgery. We administered 10-40mg of triamcinolone into the wounds every 3weeks with a total of 3-4 doses. The follow-up period was between 6months and 2 years. Recurrence was seen in 1 (4.8%) in the intra-operative triamcinolone injected patients while the postoperatively healed wounds before commencement of injection showed 5(22.8%) recurrence rate. Cosmetic acceptance was equally better in the intra-operative commencement than in the post-operative ones. The administration of cortico-steroids therapy for the prevention of keloids in post-surgical patients should be commenced at surgery because of its reduced recurrent rate, good cosmetic appearance as well as no exposure to radiotherapy.

Abstract: Governments all over the world collect taxes so as to finance public services. Taxpayers in Kenya display varying levels in compliance to tax. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of tax regulations enforcement on tax compliance by Agri-business SMEs in Nyeri County, Kenya. The theory of Economic deterrence anchored the study and the study did empirical review regarding related literature. Target population in the study was owners of Agri-business SMEs in Nyeri and Karatina Towns. Sample size was of 208 SMEs owners. Descriptive survey research method was used. Stratified systematic sampling method was adopted. Proportional method of allocation was used in allocating sample size. Semi-structured questionnaire was used to collect primary data. The questionnaire’s reliability was tested through Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha computation. Instrument’s validity test was conducted using two expert groups. Data analysis was done through Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. Descriptive statistics and also inferential statistics were generated. Bivariate as well as multivariate linear regression analysis generated ANOVA, correlation coefficients and Model fitness R2. Findings presentation was through graphs and tables. At 95% confidence level, the regression results generated a correlation coefficient, R=0.629 indicating a moderate positive relationship between tax regulations enforcement and tax compliance by Agri-business SMEs in Nyeri County, Kenya. Coefficient of determination, R2, was found to be 0.395 showing that 39.5% of variation in tax compliance was explained by tax regulations enforcement. The study thus concluded that tax regulations enforcement affected tax compliance among SMEs in Nyeri County. The study recommends more inspections and stiffer penalties for non-compliance. Findings of this study will be used by stakeholders including owners and employees of SMEs, government, scholars and other researchers.

Marjolin’s ulcer (MU) represents malignant degeneration or transformation that typically occurs over a period of time in chronic ulcers, post-burned lesions and scars. It is a rare occurrence but a serious complication of chronic ulcers and scars. The aim of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology, clinico-pathological pattern, treatment outcome of patients with Marjolin’s ulcer in a Teaching Hospital in Southern Nigeria. We evaluated patients who presented with ulcers resulting from chronic wounds, post- burned lesions and scars who had histologically proven skin cancers between January, 2013 and 2015 .All chronic ulcers lasting more than 6 months with clinical evidence of malignancy were biopsied for histology. The patients ’case notes and cancer register were also assessed. Patients with negative biopsy results for malignancy were excluded in the study. A total of 13 patients were diagnosed Marjolin’s ulcer within 3 years of the study period. 10 patients were males while three were females with age range of 24 to 72years, the mean was 38years, and peak age was 36- 42 years. Squamous cell carcinoma was the leading cause constituting 9(69.2%), baso-squamous carcinoma 3(23.1%) followed by basal cell carcinoma 1(7.7%). Aetiologically, trauma is the leading cause making up of 10 (76.9%) and followed up by post-burned injuries 3 (23.1%). The commonest site of lesions were the lower limbs 9(69.2%), the upper limb 2(15.4%), the head/neck 1(7.7%) and the trunk 1(7.7%). The tumour types were exophytic 5(38.5%) while the infiltrative type was 8(61.5%). The tumour size less than 5cm were 4(30.8%) while size greater than 5cm 9(69.2%). The most common reason for late presentation was poverty and treatment by traditional healers. Surgical resection with skin graft or flap was the main modality of treatment followed by radiotherapy and chemotherapy. Two patients had amputation of the limbs because of bony involvement. In conclusion, Marjolin’s ulcer is a malignant degeneration of chronic ulcers and scars. Late presentation is a common feature. Delayed presentation was mainly due to economic problems and treatment by traditional healers. Therefore, health education and early closure of wounds would help to prevent the development of marjolin’s ulcers among our patients.

Sri Lanka is a south-Asian island of Indian Ocean and situated south-east of the Indian subcontinent. It is in the grip of a severe dengue epidemic. Currently, dengue fever [DF] and dengue hemorrhagic [DHF] fever cases are reported all part of the SriLanka, but we could observe two peaks in absolute number and incidence of DF and DHF occur annually along with monsoon rain and density of two mosquito vector species (Aedes aegypti and Aedes albopictus).In the eastern part of the SriLanka, there were dengue out break started in January 2017.This study was conducted in the Tertiary care hospital Batticaloa, SriLanka. Objectives of the study were to know the pattern of distribution of DF among male and female and to know the incidence of laboratory confirmed dengue cases among clinically suspected dengue patients. During this last four month period number of suspected dengue fever cases increased steadily, from 1st of January 2017 to 31st of April there were 2562 suspected dengue cases admitted in this hospital. Last four months 1811 dengue-IgM and IgG antibodies tests were carried out, only 760(41.96%) cases were positive for primary infection

A research study to ascertain the perception towards decline in child sex ratio (DCSR) was carried out in Rewari district of Haryana state. Data was collected by interviewing 120 ANC (Antenatal care) clients using semi-structured interview schedule. The major findings of study are: (1) ANC beneficiaries are well aware of DCSR (Declining child sex ratio), but emphasized the need for more of BCC (Behavior change communication) activities by the Health Department. The factors mainly responsible for DCSR are: son preference and dowry. Mushrooming of USG (Ultrasonography) clinics is also expressed as a major factor by large number of respondents. (2) The various reasons for son preference are; that he is a supporter and provider for the parents in their old age; keeps the family name alive and are needed to perform their last rites. Also, by investing on sons’ education or business, the wealth remains in the family. (3) The major reasons for not preferring female child are dowry and perception of girls being paraya dhan. Other perceptions are that investing on girls is a waste with no returns and security reasons especially against sexual offences. (4) Majority of them perceived non-availability of brides as major repercussion of DCSR followed by increased crime against women and polyandry.