Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus fermentum isolated from fermented foods: yoghurt, “ugba” and “kunu-zaki” using MRS agar and a commercially acquired lactic acid bacteria (LAB) were used to produce yoghurts samples A-H from Milksi Powered milk in a 5 hour fermentation process. The three LAB isolates were used singly and in combinations as starter cultures. There was a maximum drop in pH (4-4.8) between the second and third hour of fermentation while the yoghurt produced using S. thermophilus had the lowest pH (5.2) at the temperature of 40oC. The optimum pH for the yoghurt production was 5.5 while the optimum temperature was 40oC. Yoghurt samples B and F had the highest moisture level (P<0.05) while Samples C, E and G had the highest dry matter content. The highest ash content (0.8 ±0.01; P<0.05) was from sample F while Samples D and E had the highest crude fibre content. Sample A had the highest crude fat value (3.95a±0.01; P<0.05), Sample F the highest crude protein content (3.95a±0.01; P<0.05) while the highest carbohydrate content was from Samples C, E, G and H (control). The control Sample (H) had the highest and Hedonic test for sensory properties of the eight yoghurt samples showed that the eight yoghurt samples were acceptable to the panelist indicating that the samples would compete favourably in the market with commercially sold yoghurts.

Abstract: The solar radiation intensity is the primary parameter that affects the PV panel outcomes. However, the solar radiation has a group of wavelengths, and each one of them can influence the solar cell in a different way from other wavelengths. The spectrum wavelengths are related to the energy's frequencies. The present study aimed to find the wavelength/color that causes the highest PV panel outcome and the best electricity conversion. Seven colored filters were added once solo and once again combined but except one. The study results reveal that the PV panel output for the natural spectrum is the highest compared to the other colored light. This is almost certainly due to the loss of light intensity inherent to the tint of the color filters. The blue screen employment resulted in lowest output power compared to the other colored filter. The study results proved that the visible spectrum of the solar radiation affects the solar panel outcomes.

In order to meet the needs of teachers and students in our school on studying and living for time and other factors, we put forward to establish the logistics distribution system for fast food group purchase. The system simulates the company running on the web application in intelligent mobile phone based on Android system platform. By the system we can release the campus catering information. The individual or a group of teachers and students can use mobile client to choose catering information at any time. Through the unified collection of catering needs, we can realize the fast and uniform distribution. The establishment and operation of the virtual company both establish a quick and effective supply and demand for teachers and students in food and beverage department, but also save the resources, meanwhile provide a new business model for students.

Synthesis and investigation of new Co(II), Ni(II), Cu(II), Zn(II) and Cr(III)chelates of mixed ligands including aSchiff base [(E)-2-(4-(dimethylamino)benzylideneamino)phenol] (C15H16N2O) derived from the condensation of 4- dimethylaminobenzaldehyde with 2-aminophenol as main ligand (L1) and an amino acid; L-Histidine as co-ligand (L2) were studied. The obtained Schiff base and the mixed ligand chelates were subjected to several physiochemical techniques, in terms of CHN elemental analyses, molar conductivity, magnetic moment measurements, infrared, electronic and mass spectroscopies. The CHN analytical data showed the formation of the Schiff base compound and the mixed ligand chelates in 1:1:1[M:L1:L2] ratio. All the prepared mixed ligand chelates were non-electrolyte in nature. The infrared spectral data exhibited that the used ligands behaving as bidentate ligands towards the metal ions. The 1HNMR spectra of the ligands and their Zn(II) mixed ligand chelate exhibited the effect of the activated groups of the ligands by the metal ion. The electronic spectral results showed the existence of π→π* (phenyl ring) and n→π*(HC=N) and suggested the geometrical structures of the chelates. Meanwhile, the mass spectral data revealed the fragmentations of the Schiff base, Histidine and their Cu(II) mixed ligand chelate. The studies made on these chelates proposed a six coordinated octahedral geometry for all these chelates. The antibacterial activities of the Schiff base, Histidine, metal salts and mixed ligand chelates were screened. It is found that the mixed ligand chelates have the most biological activity in comparison to the free ligands and salts.

National symbols are very instrumental items for a country’s peace, unity and prosperity. The national symbol for instance the national anthem is always sung at the learning institutions and or during the country’s special occasions. Though national anthems just like any other national symbols have a noble role in the country, some countries tend to disregard its letter and spirit. One such country is the Republic of South Sudan (RoSS). Being the newest country in Africa and probably the state that experienced a longer period of civil wars and with the bigger number of the Internally Displaced Persons (IDPs), it has been the wishes of the citizens and the people the world over to have a lasting peace and unity. However, since independence in 2011, there have been intermittent ethnic clashes resulting into deaths of many South Sudanese civilians and also loss of property. This is happening despite the fact that its national anthem possesses elements of peace and harmony. In this regard, the paper intends to expose the underlying paradoxes inherent in the national anthem of the RoSS.

Abstract: This paper enables to collect all the relative information about parking brake system, changes of improving the current system. Parking brake is one of the important parts of an aircraft. The function of parking brake system is to slowly stop the aircraft safely at desire place on the ground. The purpose of using the hydraulic accumulator in parking brake system is to store the hydraulic liquid under system pressure. For proper brake operation the accumulator are charged to the pressure of 207 bar. Earlier the manual hand pumping is used to charge the accumulator which is time consuming not so accurate pressure is filled in an accumulator to overcome such problems the battery operated hydraulic rig is developed. This is capable to charge the 50 parking brake accumulators of aircraft once the battery is fully charged. Since it is battery operated so no continuous 3-phase supply is required in the field. Systems will supplies hydraulic pressure to the aircraft parking brake accumulator. The DC motor is operated by a rechargeable LiFePo4 battery, it acts as a source for the motor/pump unit. The pressure switch is used to monitor the pressure in the accumulator. Inline filter is used to filter the oil of the rating 3 micron rating absolute. The LiFePO4 battery charge indication circuit is developed. Hydraulic rig build the 207 bar pressure in the accumulator in an interval of 20sec. The discharge voltage characteristic of LiFePO4 battery and temperature characteristics of pump and dc motor are studied.

Abstract: Well logging curves are carried out normalization correction, the conventional logging data could identify the oil and water beds, but also the oil reservoir with obvious variation and great burial depth. While the shallow buried gases reservoir, the normal interpretation ways aren’t enough to meet the production. After analyzed the characteristics of gas reservoir indication curves such as neutron, density and acoustic logging, the log interpretation methods which base on 3 porosity log curves is proposed. According to the actual well testing, these methods used to identify the shallow-buried natural gas reservoir are economically feasible.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the motivations of the youth FM listeners for the preferred contents. This study serves as a guide and a source of information to radio stations broadcasting for young people or organization that anticipate producing radio programs for the youth. The researcher used the descriptive survey method. The study’s tool for data collection was the questionnaire which contained both open-ended and closed-ended questions. The researcher selected 200 youth from day secondary schools in Nairobi to take part in the study. The study revealed that youth tune to FM stations motivated by three factors namely; need to escape from boredom, need to escape from problems and emotional release. These factors, according to researcher explain why the FM radio listenership is low.

Abstract: The purpose of this study was to explore the contents covered by FM stations in Nairobi and how the youth evaluate the preferred content. This study serves as a guide and a source of information to radio stations broadcasting for young people or organization that anticipate producing radio programs for the youth. The researcher used the descriptive survey method. This study looks at youth listenership in Nairobi because Nairobi has the biggest number of FM stations and therefore has the largest number of FM listeners. The youth in Nairobi are more exposed and outgoing and have better access to radios that elsewhere. The tool for data collection was the questionnaire, which contained both open-ended and closed-ended questions. The researcher selected 200 youths from day secondary schools in Nairobi to take part in the study. A research assistant helped in the administering of the questionnaires. The study revealed that youth tune to FM stations mainly for entertainment, news and information on issues affecting them. The study also revealed that peer influence is the leading factor influencing content preference among youth radio listeners. Other factors are personal identity and the need to escape from boredom among others. The study recommendations ways of incorporating music, talk shows, news and educational programs in the program schedule of youth programs. It also recommended identifying the various needs of youth and laying out strategies on how best to meet them.

Ecotourism in Kerala, India, has emerged as a significant strategy at the intersection of environmental conservation and socioeconomic development, particularly in its rural areas. This paper examines the dual role of ecotourism in fostering rural self-employment while simultaneously promoting ecological stewardship, arguing that its most transformative potential lies in its capacity to interweave these into a cohesive model for sustainable development. Kerala, renowned for its rich biodiversity encompassing the Western Ghats’ biodiversity hotspots, backwaters and forest ecosystems, faces persistent challenges of rural unemployment, economic disparity and environmental degradation. The traditional model of resource extraction often proves detrimental to both ecosystems and long-term community resilience. In this context, ecotourism presents an alternative pathway by valorizing the intact environment as the primary economic asset. It facilitates rural self-employment by creating a diverse ecosystem of micro-enterprises directly linked to the conservation of local natural and cultural capital. This is evidenced in the proliferation of community-managed homestays, locally-guided nature tours, agro-tourism ventures, traditional culinary experiences and handicraft cooperatives that utilize sustainable materials. These activities not only generate income but also revitalize indigenous knowledge and cultural practices, embedding conservation ethics within economic incentives. Furthermore, the decentralized nature of ecotourism empowers local communities and community-based organizations, fostering participatory governance and ensuring a more equitable distribution of tourism revenues. In conclusion, ecotourism in Kerala demonstrates a promising, though complex, framework for addressing the twin imperatives of conservation and livelihood security offering a replicable model for other biodiverse regions grappling with similar developmental dilemmas.

Recently in this laboratory 8-phenylthiacabamido-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-1, 8-(phenyl-2,4-dithiabiureto)-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-2, 8-[(3-phenylimino)-1,2,4-dithiazolo]-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo [4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-3, 8-[(2-phenylimino-6-phenylamino)-1,3,5-dithiazinoimino]-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]benzodiazepine i.e.M-4, 8-[(2-thio-3-phenyl-6-phenylamino)-1,3,5-thiadi- azino]imino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-5 were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were tested against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. megatherium, A. aerogenes, P. vulgaris by Disc diffusion method and MIC methods. These compounds showed good results.

Lexemes relate in terms of sense in various ways that are linguistically referred to as homonymy, polysemy, antonymy, synonymy and even hyponymy among others. Though some of these relations like hyponymy tend to include majorly lexemes referring to discrete objects that relate in terms of sense, there is a lexical relation whereby one whole object refers to a combination of various parts which may include discrete and abstract entities. These parts are of different structures and functions. This relation involving the whole and the parts is normally referred to as meronymy. Thus the article shows the application of set theory formulas in the presentation of lexical meronymy. Though there are component – integral object, member – collection, portion – mass, stuff – object, feature – activity and also place – area relations in meronymy, the study has only embarked on the component – integral object and place –area relations together with some two more proposed period – time and colour – spectrum relations.

Present research work comprises, isomerisation of series of (2E)-1-[4-(2-ethylimino-4-substitutedimino)-1,3,5- dithiazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (Ia-e) were successfully carried using sodium bicarbonate in aqueous ethanol in to (2E)-1-[4-(2,4-dithio-3-ethyl-5-substituted-1,3,5-triazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (IIa-e). All the synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of chemical tests, elemental study and spectral characterization.

Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile illness, mostly of under-fives. It is the leading cause of acquired heart disease in children in the developed countries, with coronary artery abnormalities in 20-25% of untreated patients. This is a retrospective study of patient records of cases of KD in 5 years at Sohar hospital, Oman looking at epidemiology, clinical presentation, investigations and management. In our study, KD occurred mostly in boys under 5,in the first half of the year. All had fever. In decreasing frequency, they had oral mucosal changes, cervical lymphadenopathy, rash, conjunctivitis and extremity changes. Most had raised CRP/ESR, raised platelets, and low haemoglobin. Less than half had a raised white cell count. Serum albumin was done in 44% of admissions, of which 37.5% had low values. 50% admissions had urine microscopy done. Blood cultures, urine cultures, ASOT, Monospot, viral studies, ALT were also done and were all mostly normal. Ultrasound neck was done in one case and chest X-ray in two cases. ECHO showed some abnormality in 50% admissions. 16.7% cases were typical KD, 72.2 % incomplete KD. All (100%) children received the recommended treatment. 5.5% of admissions was unresponsive to IVIG, and responded to methylprednisolone. Our study demonstrates recognition of KD in children in Oman, mostly presenting as incomplete KD. All children(100%) received the recommended treatment.

The study was conducted in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana involving 360 household heads. A simple random sampling was used to select the households from 12 randomly selected Electoral Areas out of 47 Electoral Areas. The study shows that 34% preferred plastic products because of the lack of alternative materials while 53% and 13% preferred plastics products because it was common and light in weight respectively. The desire to use plastic products has resulted in high plastic waste generation. Out of the total households of 360, 2% were not aware that plastics could cause any threat whilst 98% households were very much aware of the threats caused by plastics. In a multiple response, almost all household within the Municipality agreed that plastic waste created a diversity of problems. 97% indicated that plastic waste silt gutters, 97% said plastic waste creates unsanitary environmental conditions, 66% was of the view that plastic wastes serves as breading grounds for mosquitoes, 60% said they cause animal death whilst 53% said they pollute water bodies. Also nearly 50% indicated that plastic wastes affect human health and 59% said they affect agricultural soils. The study also revealed that 34% were not willing to separate plastics waste from household waste before disposal whilst 66% were willing to do so. The Bolgatanga Municipality and the Zoomlion Company have very little capacity to manage plastic waste in the Municipality. The government and civil society organizations must therefore establish recycling plants in each region to convert the plastic wastes into useful products for the society.