Abstract: Self-directed learning is increasingly used in higher education and has special importance in the context of healthcare education. In this single-center cross-sectional study, we aimed to study self-directed learning readiness among medical students at Umm Al-Qura University. Eight hundred medical students from the Faculty of Medicine at Umm Al-Qura University in Makkah, Saudi Arabia, participated in the study. Participants were from all academic years (1st year to 6th year) and included both genders. They completed a self-administered questionnaire that identified demographic characteristics and also contained Fisher’s Self-Directed Learning Readiness Scale (SDLRS). Among these students, 99 (12.4%) scored below average on the SDLRS, 293 (36.6%) obtained an average score, and 408 (51%) scored above average. The highest SDLRS mean score was 4.41 for the item “I want to learn new information,” and the lowest SDLRS mean score was 2.94 for the item “I set strict time frames.”About half of the medical students scored above average (i.e., were high achievers), which is encouraging. Implementing time management skills into different teaching modules might improve the teaching outcomes.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose and analyze a new non-monotone pattern search method for unconstrained optimization problems. Actually, we combined a new strategy of non-monotone technique with the traditional pattern search method. Then some properties of the new algorithm are analyzed. Theoretical analysis shows that the new proposed method has a global convergence under some mild conditions.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a non-monotone trust region algorithm based on conic model for unconstrained optimization problems. The method combines a non-monotone technique and a trust region method. Different from the usual trust region methods, the sub-problem of our new algorithm is the conic minimization sub-problem. The theoretical analysis indicates that the new method has the global convergence under some reasonable conditions.

Abstract: The oil shale of the down area ES4 in the center Damingtun Depression which is wide distribution and large thickness. The ES4 depression is the most important source oil rocks and has a good tight oil reservoir, what is the key area of tight oil exploration and development in Liaohe Depression. The key factors affect the fracture extent of tight oil reservoir rock and mining effectiveness is the brittleness of rock. By transverse and longitudinal wave sonic logging data to calculate the object of the study area tight oil reservoir horizon dynamic style modulus and Poisson's ratio dynamic, application Rickman rock brittleness index calculation formula to calculate the tight oil reservoirs brittleness. On this basis, Damintun Depression ES4 tight oil reservoirs in the oil shale carbonate quality oil shale, silty shale, siltstone and shale lithology dolomites five kinds of brittleness analyzed establish superiority brittleness index lithologic sequences. The results show that the best index of brittleness shale dolomite, the brittleness index greater than 40 accounted for 92.43%. It is advantageous purpose layers of dense oil Hirai fracturing.

Abstract: Large numbers of drugs are used in the treatment of hypertension and Calcium Channel Blockers are an important group among them. Cilnidipine is a new calcium channel blocking drug distinguished from other L-type calcium channel blockers with additional N-type of calcium channel blocking property. Cardioprotective, renoprotective and neuroprotective action of cilnidipine can provide additional benefit in form of reduced morbidity in the management of hypertension by controlling sympathetic over activity.

Abstract: Mothers and newborns are vulnerable to illness and deaths during the postnatal period. Postnatal period is the important part of maternal health care as the serious and life threatening complications can occur in postnatal period. The health of the mother is regarded as the indicator of health of the society so postnatal care is important for the health of mother and newborn as well. A descriptive research design was used in this study. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used to select the postnatal mothers. One hundred ninety six postnatal mothers were interviewed face to face using structured questionnaires. Most of the respondents 79(40.31%) belongs to 22-25 age groups and the mean age was 24.12 years. Majority of the respondents 182(92.86%) were Hindu. All the respondents were literate. Out of 196, 146(74.48%) of the respondents, got information from friends and family. Most of the respondents 123(62.76%) had average level of knowledge on postnatal care. Highest knowledge was in the area of danger sign of mothers and newborn and the lowest in the areas of family planning. The overall mean percentage was 64.34. There was significant association of level of knowledge with selected demographic variables; occupation (χ2=5.008) and education level (χ2=48.75). Mothers had moderate level of knowledge about postnatal care. Highest knowledge was present in danger sign and lowest in family planning. Awareness program is required to improve maternal knowledge on postnatal care.

Abstract: The binary quadratic equation represented by the negative pellian y2=60x2-15 is analyzed for its distinct integer solutions. A few interesting relations among the solutions are also given. Further, employing the solutions of the above hyperbola, we have obtained solutions of other choices of hyperbolas, parabolas and special Pythagorean triangle.

Abstract: Emotional and behavioral disorders are potential causes of disciplinary problems in the classroom. The main interest of the study is the EBD and achievements of Grade 1 pupils in public schools of South Cotabato. About 210 Grade One pupils and teachers were involved as subjects and respondents of this inquiry. A questionnaire in EBD was given to teachers for them to carefully assess the pupils’ ODD, CD and ADHD level. The survey tools were modeled after the Noanxiety.com resources and the Vanderbilt Rating Scales. Records of pupils’ gender, curricular and extra-curricular achievements were taken from the teachers’ own class records. Gathered data were suitably tabulated and presented in tables and chart. Both descriptive and inferential statistics were applied to treat the data. Specific tools like percentages, Multiple Linear Regression Analysis, mean and t-test were employed to analyze the collected data. As found out, the Grade 1 pupils’ EBD level is singly, and collectively of moderate levels. They have very good level in curricular and extra-curricular achievements alike. Male pupils have relatively higher EBD level than the females. Inversely, the female pupils have comparatively higher achievement than the males. The pupils whose schools were located in highly urbanized places have higher EBD level than those in the less urbanized areas. Also, the achievements of the pupils from schools situated in less urbanized areas were higher than those in the highly urbanized areas. This study concluded that only the pupils’ attention deficit hyperactivity disorder was linked to pupils’ achievement. Gender and school location also affected pupils’ EBD and achievement levels.

Abstract: The total population of Pangkor Island in 2013 is about 17,162 and is made up of two major groups, Chinese residents (48.46%) followed by Malay residents (41.98%). The main economic activities of the residents here are fishing and tourism-related services. In 2010, more than 700000 visitors came to Pangkor Island. Although Pangkor managed to attract many tourists to the island, its infrastructure facilities require urgent upgrading. Despite a huge budget had been allocated for the constituency of Pangkor, the bulk goes to the Royal Malaysian Navy for upgrading the military facility such as the TLDM navy patrol boats. The main problem facing development on Pangkor Island is the lack of space for development. This is due to limited suitable land for development. Due to topographical constraints, only 10.3% of the total land space are suitable for development. Incidence of poverty is still high among the residents. Shortage of low-cost housing to meet the increasing demand of low-income groups has led to a proposal for the redevelopment of the southeastern portion of the island. These issues of social well-being are also linked to the political aspirations of the islanders.

Abstract: Type 2 DM is rapidly raising as a global health care problem that threatens to reach pandemic levels by 2030. Type 2 Diabetes mellitus is a disease with no cure and chronic disease that results in major morbidity and mortality. The main objective of this study is to evaluate the glyceated hemoglobin control and to determine factors affect on glycemic control among type 2 diabetes outpatients attending diabetic clinics at Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The study design was observational prospective longitudinal follow-up study, the study was conducted with sample of 1077 Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus outpatient recruited via attended the diabetes clinics at HUSM. HbA1c is parameter to measure the glyceated hemoglobin control. Logistic regression analysis was used to assess the independent variables that affect the glycaemic control. The majority of patients 794 (73.7%) did not achieve target of HbA1c levels ≤ 7.0%. It has been found that age, race and antidiabetic medications are the factors that affect on the HbA1c.New strategy to improve the current status of control of diabetes is needed. The study recommends that health-care providers should pay more attention to type 2 dm patients with older age, Malay race and antidiabetic medications. The present study recommends that more time, money and attention must be given to the treatment of diabetic patients.

Abstract: Provenance direction research is an important part of the sedimentary faces research. Based on a detailed summary of provenance analysis methods, after scrutinizing the current situation of the study area, this paper focuses on the sand thickness variations, Paleotopograph and single river way direction in the development zone. The results show that it was controlled by northern provenance.

Introduction: Pes anserine bursitis (PAB) is a common cause of knee pain, often overlooked in favor of knee osteoarthritis diagnoses. Aim of the study: The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy of physical therapy and corticosteroid injection in patients with anserine bursitis. Methods: This prospective randomize study was conducted in the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation at Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to June 2015. The patients were divided into two groups (A and B). Patients of Group A (25 patients) were treated with physical therapy. Patients of group B (25 patients) were treated with corticosteroid injection. Data, collected through a questionnaire, interviews, and medical records, were analyzed using SPSS version 26. Result: The mean age of patients was 42.25 ± 3.24 years, with Group A comprising 88% males and 12% females, while Group B had 80% males and 20% females. Mean BMI was 24.4 ± 6.3 in Group A and 25.9 ± 5.0 in Group B. Post-treatment, Group B showed significant immediate improvements in pain relief (WOMAC stiffness subscale, p = 0.0398), tenderness index (p = 0.0071), and pain scores (VAS, p = 0.0001). Although both groups improved in function and total WOMAC scores, these changes were not statistically significant. Conclusion: This study highlights that both physical therapy and corticosteroid injections are effective treatment options for patients with pes anserine bursitis. Corticosteroid injections offer rapid relief of symptoms, making them beneficial for acute cases, while physical therapy provides better long-term treatment for improvement.

Abstract: The internet has become a basic requirement in the management of organizations today. If an organization wants to remain relevant at this time and age and retain its competitive edge it has to adopt the usage of the internet. One can hardly imagine a successful enterprise operating without an effective website, for its production, marketing, communication and other business operations. In as much as the internet is a good thing to the management of organizations operations, it has its own challenges affecting employees’ productivity as it is prone to abuse by the employees who may be engaging much of their time in social networks like the facebook, YouTube, Twitter, Whats’ App and browsing different sites during work hours. As much as the internet has assisted in improvements in learning and research; measures need to be put in place in order to ensure that there is control of its usage and that there is a balance between employees’ social needs and organizational needs. The internet can be an incredible business tool as well as a potential threat to the achievement of organizational goals. This paper analyzes recent internet developments and specifically investigates the effect of the internet on employee performance and what some of the consequences would be if employees were allowed unrestricted access to these networks.

Background: Myofascial Pain Syndrome (MPS) is a common but underdiagnosed cause of chronic musculoskeletal pain, characterized by trigger points causing localized and referred pain. Understanding its prevalence and management is crucial for optimizing treatment, especially in resource-limited settings like Bangladesh. Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU), Dhaka, Bangladesh, from July 2014 to June 2015. A total of 150 chronic pain patients were assessed for MPS through clinical examination. Data on demographics, affected regions, and management approaches were analyzed using descriptive statistics. Results: MPS was present in 60.67% (n = 91) of patients. The neck and shoulder (59.34%) were the most commonly affected areas, followed by the lower back (30.77%). Management strategies included pharmacological treatment (68.13%), physical therapy (56.04%), heat/cold therapy (47.25%), and stretching/strengthening exercises (32.97%). Alternative therapies like acupuncture were used by 9.89%. Recurrence was reported in 41.76% of cases. Conclusion: MPS is a major contributor to chronic pain, primarily affecting the neck and shoulder region. While pharmacological treatment is widely used, physical therapy and rehabilitation play a key role in symptom relief. Due to high recurrence rates, a multidisciplinary approach incorporating lifestyle modifications and preventive care is essential. Further research should explore comprehensive treatment strategies for improved MPS management in Bangladesh.

Abstract: The contributions of pension board schemes to the Nigerian Capital Market have contributed a lot to the economic growth and development such as alleviation of poverty , buying of securities and social belongings to the retire civil servant among others. Pension is all about contract for fixed sum of money deducted from civil servant salary for future usage after retirement. A pension plan is a legally binding contract having an explicit retirement objectives. The Pension Reform Act 2014 was made to meet the challenges and provide effective and effective services. Secondary data was used to provide the theoretical framework for the study. At the end, conclusion and recommendation are provided.