Abstract: Discoveries of new-to-science species have rendered outdated the last published list of Jaltomata species of Peru.We recognize eight Jaltomata species in Department Lima: J. andersonii, J. aspera, J. bicolor, J. contorta, J. dentata, J. hunzikeri, J. propinqua, J. umbellata, and J. sinuosa. The latter has not been collected in Department Lima but was included in the key because it is likely to grow in Department Lima. Fruits of at least five of these species (J. aspera, J. bicolor, J. dentata, J. propinqua, J. umbellata) are eaten by people. Two species,J. aspera and J. umbellata, have copious red/orange floral nectar. In lomascommunitiesJ. aspera, J. hunzikeri and J. umbellataflower July–October.However, in the AndesJ. aspera, J. bicolor, J. dentata andJ. propinquaflower mostly from December–April. There are no recent collections of J. contorta and J. hunzikeri and these species may be extinct.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a non-monotone trust region method for solving equality constrained optimization problem. Unlike the traditional trust region methods, our algorithm uses a new non-monotone strategy. Theoretical analysis indicates that the new method preserves the global convergence under some mild conditions.

Powder metallurgy is emerging day by day as a concrete solution to the new age scientific problem. Every metal has its own characteristics and limitations. Powder metallurgy confluences the good characteristics of different metals into one product, but requires a correct combination of various sub-processes associated with main process. Powder metallurgy conquers the power of 4 P,s i.e. Precision as producing near net shape, Performance as fast and consistent , Productivity as higher output and Price as low considering lesser secondary operation needed. Some important mechanical properties of the different Ti-Nb alloys are analyzed in relation to the human implants. This paper reviews different sub processes of powder metallurgy and their combination for the biomedical application of different power metallurgy products. Papers also describe some advancement in manufacturing techniques and powder metallurgy sub processes that enhance the behavior of materials for human implants.

Urinary schistosomiasis though a neglected disease is endemic in many rural communities in Nigeria and is second only to malaria. The present study was carried out to determine the current status of urinary schistosomiasis in Ilie, a rural community in Southwestern Nigeria. Urine samples were collected from 320 school pupils (4-15 years old) and examined for ova of Schistosoma haematobium. Out of the 320 urine samples examined, 131 (40.9%) had ova of S. haematobium. The prevalence of urinary schistosomiasis between the male (42.8%) and female (39.0%) participants was not significantly different (p = 0.49) but prevalence increased significantly with increase in age (p = 0.002). The overall geometric mean intensity of infection was 38.2 eggs/10 ml urine. The intensity of infection was not dependent on sex (p = 0.79) or age (p = 0.69). The overall prevalence of haematuria in this study was 26.3%. The prevalence of haematuria was independent on sex (p = 0.72) but varied significantly with age (p = 0.01). Haematuria was significantly associated with urinary schistosomiasis (p < 0.001, OR 37.1, 95% CI 19.4 - 71.0). This study shows that urinary schistosomiasis is quite endemic and still actively transmitted in Ilie and appropriate control measures are highlighted

Bridging the generation gap between parent and children is essential. Parents often contribute their share in digging gap between parents and children by pushing the kid's beyond their limits. This happens in two ways. Parents either demands higher than the limits of the child or pushes the child beyond the economical or social limits of parents themselves. This, in future, makes the child going astray from the lifestyle and status of parents. The present paper is an attempt to find out the reasons of Generation Gap. It has been observed that as the parents fussy with the behavior of the children, arguments convert into disputes and there is a high degree of disagreement between how adult children and their parents view their relationship. There are a number of other factors that affect the generations; the strongest and most consistent predictors are sex, age, child’s marital status, and residential proximity.

Alternative therapies for the alleviation of chemical/xenobiotic-induced metabolic aberrations and risk factors for cardiovascular disease have been inadequately explored, despite their rich cardiovascular protective bioactive constituents. The aim of the present study was to accurately evaluate the effect of Cymbopogon citratus extract on gasoline-induced oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricemia, dyslipidaemia, and atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) in rats. Seventy-two female Wistar albino rats were segregated into six groups (n = 12 per group). The rats in group 1 served as controls, while animals in group 2 were exposed to gasoline vapour (GV) alone for 35 days. Rats in groups 3, 4, and 5 were exposed to GV and co-administered 500 mg/kg, 1000 mg/kg, and 1500 mg/kg C. citratus leaf extract, respectively, once daily for 14 days. Rats in group 6 were exposed to GV and co-administered 200 mg/kg vitamin C for the same time period. The results showed that group 2 had significantly higher glycaemic levels, lipid parameters (TG, T-chol, and LDL-C), uric acid (UA), MDA, and AIP and significantly lower (p < 0.05) HDL-C than group 1. Co-administration of C. citratus leaf extracts in groups 3, 4, and 5 and vitamin C to group 6 significantly lowered blood glucose levels, UA, lipid parameters MDA and AIP and simultaneously increased serum HDL-C in a dose-dependent manner. C. citratus leaf extract has an ameliorative effect against GV-induced oxidative stress, hyperglycaemia, hyperuricaemia, dyslipidaemia, and AIP, probably mediated through its varied bio – constituents and their activities

In this laboratory a novel series of 1-phenyl-3-[4-(2,4-dithio-3-allyl-5-substituted-1,3,5-triazino) aminophenyl]-prop-2-ene-1-ones (IIa-e) was synthesized by the isomerization of 1-phenyl-3-[4-(2-allylimino-4- substitutedimino-1,3,5-dithiazino)aminophenyl] prop-2-ene-1-ones (Ia-e)in 10% aqueous ethanolic sodium bicarbonate medium. The structure of all the synthesized compounds was justified on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and spectral analysis.

Management of a case of internal root resorption is a challenge to the endodontists.Internal resorption of teeth is an insidious process and is generally found in teeth with previous history of trauma.It may occur in cases with chronic pulpal inflammation, following caries or due to trauma in the form of an accidental blow. Internal resorption is very often noticed in anterior teeth, due to their susceptibility to trauma. However, it may be seen in posterior teeth, most likely because of carious involvement of the pulp. Early diagnosis, removal of the cause, proper treatment of the resorbed root is mandatory for successful treatment outcome. This case report describes the management of theresorptive defect in the apical 1/3rd whichwas treated nonsurgically with thermoplastized guttapercha technique. A six-month follow up demonstratedclinically asymptomatic and adequately functional tooth, with radiographic signs of healing

The experiment was conducted with 34 local rice genotypes with one check varieties at the Sher-e-Bangla Agricultural University experimental field to study characterization and genetic diversity of 35 local rice genotypes and to find out the association among the genetic characteristics. PCA showed the highest inter-cluster distance was observed between the cluster II and V (46.71) followed by III and V (46.40) and IV and V (45.43). Genotypes from these three clusters may be involved in hybridization as wide genetic variations exist among the groups. Cluster IV exhibited the highest intra-cluster distance (38.36), while the lowest distance was observed in cluster V (23.09). Further study of this experiment is needed in different locations of Bangladesh for accuracy of the results obtained from the present experiment. Considering diversity pattern and other agronomic performance lines G-10, G-13, G-15, G-18 and G-24 could be considered suitable parents for efficient hybridization in future.

Since thirty years of reform and opening up in China, the number and size of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to achieve leapfrog development, it’s an important part of China's social economy and has great contribution to the economic development of China. However, in recent years the development of small and mediumsized enterprises are also facing many constraints, especially the financing problem of SMEs is an important obstacle to the healthy and rapid development of SMEs, in formal finance can not effectively solve this difficult situation, this is a good positive role to solve the private lending flexible lending to small and medium-sized enterprises financing dilemma. In the study of private lending to solve the plight of small and medium enterprises beneficial effects at the same time, we must also pay attention to the adverse effects of the small and medium-sized enterprise, put forward reasonable suggestions of private lending market norms, help small and medium-sized enterprises of comprehensive and rapid development.

Recently in this laboratory 1-substituted-2-thio-4-amino-6-methylformamidino1,3,5-triazines(XIIIa-r) were synthesised by isomerisation of 2-substituted imino-4-amino-6-formamidino-1,3,5-thiadiazines (XIIa-r) successfully by refluxing with 10% aqueous ethanolic sodium bicarbonate medium. The structure of all the synthesized compounds was justified on the basis of chemical characteristics, elemental analysis and spectral studies.

The main aim of this study to explore the relation between the EWOM and Knowledge sharing, the study revel that no theoretical relation between EWOM and Knowledge Sharing, on the other hand the study showed that both of the terms EWOM, WOM and Knowledge sharing using the same mechanism for sharing information. Both of them have their impact on customer satisfaction and intention to buy. Due to shortage of information and research related to the topic the topic need to do more research about this missing research area.

The purpose of this article is to present the important factors attracting FDI in Rwanda. It attempts to answer the question: "What are the important factors attracting FDI in Rwanda?" to reach the suitable response, a questionnaire was administered to 30 foreign investors in Rwanda registered in different economic sectors such as manufacturing, ICT, banking, mining, education, construction, agriculture, accommodation and fast moving consumer goods. For data analysis, SPSS software has helped to summarize the findings. The study concludes that constitutional and legal protection of FDI, free transfer of capital and profit gains, market and resources availability, strategic location, hospitality towards FDI, security, tax system, high demand level with reasonable competition the key factors attracting FDIs in Rwanda. This article will help economists and potential investors to understand the main determinants of FDIs in Rwanda.

Tests were conducted to investigate the influence of using nanomaterials in the modification and stabilization of soft soil. The soft soils were collected from two different sites and treated with three nanomaterials (nano-copper, nano-alumina, and nano-magnesium). Nanomaterials were added in small amount (≤ 1.0%) by dry weight of the soil. Laboratory tests to determine the compaction characteristics and unconfined compressive strength were performed. Results of the investigation showed significant improvement in maximum dry density, and unconfined compressive strength. The improvement is dependent on the type of nanomaterials. The unconfined compressive strength and maximum dry density increased as the nanomaterials content increased until reach a percentage after which the strength will be decrease. Nanomaterial contents in excess of the optimum content cause agglomeration of particles that adversely affects the mechanical properties of the soils. In general, the addition of finer particles such as nanomaterials, even at low doses, could enhance the geotechnical properties of soil. Also considering the possible negative environmental effects of chemical addition to soils, the possibilities of using nanomaterials as stabilizing agents of soft soils this combined admixture is intended to reduce the cost and promote a more environment-friendly and sustainable stabilizing agent.

The current work reports a new Schiff base [N1-benzylidenebenezene-1,2-diamine(L) = C20H16N2] has been synthesized from benzaldehyde (C6H5CHO) and O- aminoaniline (O-C6H4(NH2)2. Metal mixed ligand complexes of the Schiff base were prepared from chloride salts of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) in ethanol and 8- hydroxyquinoline(8HQ)(C9H7NO) containing sodium hydroxide. All the complexes were characterized on the basis of their; FT-IR and U.V spectra, melting point, molar conductance, and determination of the percentage of the metal in the complexes by flame (AAS). In the all complexes, (8HQ) behaves as a bidentate ligand as primary ligand through –-OH phenolic group and –N groups of pyridine group. Also, the prepared ligand (L) was bidentate in all complexes coordinating through two nitrogen atoms as a secondary ligand. Mixed ligand complexes of bivalent ions of Zn(II), Cd(II) and Hg(II) of the according to the formula [M(L)( Q)2] in 1:1:2 of molar ratio. The suggest geometry of the complexes appears to be octahedral. The synthesis complexes were tested in vitro for antibacterial activity of ligands and metal complexes to the pathogenic bacteria activity against bacteria (gram +ve) and (gram -ve) has been studied.