Mixed Martial Arts (MMA) has seen a surge in popularity in Kenya, with athletes from various backgrounds participating in the sport. However, with this growth comes an increased risk of performance-enhancing substances (PES) use. The intense physical demands of MMA may drive athletes to seek an edge through these substances, leading to significant concerns about health risks and sports integrity. The aim of this study is to assess the practices regarding PES, traditional herbs (TH), and food supplements (FS) among Kenyan MMA athletes. Additionally, the study explores the sources of PES, the factors motivating their use, and the efficacy of current anti-doping testing practices. To conduct the study, a cross-sectional survey design was employed, sampling 800 athletes from a target population of 4,000 across six MMA federations. Data were collected using structured questionnaires adapted from the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) with pre-testing to ensure reliability. Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and One- and Two-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) using SPSS version 22. The results indicate that the majority of MMA participants are male (79.9%), with a median age of 25 years and a mean age of 26.8±4.1 years. Over half of the athletes perceived PES as a problem, but less than one-third viewed traditional herbs as a concern. Food supplements were used by nearly a fifth of the athletes, with bodybuilders showing the highest usage rate (44.4%). Coaches, team doctors, and physiotherapists were primary sources of these substances, while some athletes reported chemists and medical practitioners as suppliers of PES. The study found that the primary reasons for using PES and FS were to boost economic status through prize money, with additional pressures from coaches, family, and colleagues. Anti-doping testing revealed that 20.6% of athletes had been tested out of competition, while 34.4% believed they could provide a sample that wasn't theirs, indicating flaws in the testing process. The study concludes that while many MMA athletes recognize the risks associated with PES, there is a lack of consistent understanding regarding the risk of taking traditional herbs and food supplements. This inconsistency, combined with external pressures, may lead to risky behavior, compromising the athletes' health and the sport's integrity. To address these issues, the study recommends implementing comprehensive education programs for MMA athletes, coaches, and support personnel to raise awareness of PES risks. Strengthening anti-doping regulations and monitoring sources of PES and FS is also crucial. Additionally, promoting ethical coaching practices and addressing external pressures can foster a safer environment and uphold the values of fair competition in Kenyan MMA.

This study evaluates the compressive strength performance of Nipa Palm Fibre Reinforced Concrete (NPFRC) as a sustainable alternative for low- to medium-strength construction. Using Central Composite Design, the research examined how varying fibre content and length influence compressive strength. NPFRC compressive strength ranged from 9.17 to 21.96 MPa, compared to 26.12 MPa for conventional concrete. Higher fibre content and length generally reduced strength due to poor workability, compaction, and increased porosity. Fibre dosage had a more significant impact than fibre length. Interaction plots revealed that fibre content and length had interdependent, not additive, effects on strength. Response Surface Methodology (RSM) optimized the mix design, identifying 0.5% fibre content and 34.25 mm fibre length as ideal, yielding a predicted strength of 20.98 MPa with 92.30% desirability. A confirmatory test recorded 19.87 MPa, a 5.58% deviation from the prediction, within acceptable limits. Although the optimized compressive strength does not meet structural-grade standards (ASTM and EN 206), the results demonstrate NPFRC’s potential for non-load-bearing and light structural applications. The study highlights the importance of fibre treatment, optimal proportioning, and quality control, reinforcing NPFRC’s viability in eco-friendly construction where moderate strength and sustainability are prioritized.

Introduction: The term behaviour encompasses other aspects outside the actions of the human mind and conscious behaviour. 1 There is a major departure from the usual in the pattern of behaviour that individuals exhibit. There are a variety of things that might have an impact on a child, including physical sickness, changes in the educational environment, changes in the family circle, peer pressure, and socioeconomic situation. In today's complicated culture, the family unit is the most important institution. The development of a child & social intelligence is significantly influenced by the members of the child's family. Aim: The study compares the behavioral patterns of single children and children with siblings aged 6-12 years in selected areas of Mohali, Punjab. Methodology: The research involved 120 children selected through disproportionate stratified random sampling. A modified Child Behavioral Rating Scale was utilized. Results: The study compared behavioural patterns of 50 single-child women and 50 children with siblings. Among single children, 41 (82%) showed an average level of behaviour, 6 (12%) good, and 3 (6%) poor. Similarly, 41 (82%) children with siblings had an average level, 5 (10%) good, and 3 (6%) poor. An unpaired ‘t’ test compared behavioural scores between the two groups in the 6–12 years age group. The mean score for children with siblings was 30.36 ± 7.179, while for single children it was 28.74 ± 7.464. The p-value was 0.271, indicating no significant difference between the two groups.

There is a trio of behaviors in the first 1000 days of life & the relation of this trio in the formation of deciduous teeth. Technically, the first behavioral component is Early Initiation of Breast Feeding (EIBF) followed by Exclusive Breast Feeding (EBF) & the next is the Infant & Young Child Feeding (IYCF). One can surely ponder what role does the Colostrum rich milk has which only flows for the first five days of life has in the formation of deciduous teeth. The next question is to elicit the role of Mature Breast Milk (MBM) in the development of deciduous teeth. Finally, the question arises about the role of Complementary Feeding (CF) or IYCF has in the development of the deciduous teeth. This article focuses on the burden of the issue of deciduous teeth development through the above- mentioned indicators. Thereafter through literature reviews, it delineates the role of these trio behaviors. The article also delves into the literature regarding the deciduous teeth before entering the domain of the behavior trios. In nutshell, the trio of behaviors such as EIBF, EBF & IYCF in the first 1000 days life is the independent variable of this article & the development of deciduous teeth is the dependent variable. As these behaviors are proven & effective interventions/strategies, the linear correlation that emerges among both the variables is ‘behaviors like EIBF, EBF & IYCF positively impact the development of deciduous teeth’.

Ali ibn Isa Al-Kahhal, a medieval Muslim ophthalmologist, remains an underappreciated yet pivotal figure in medical history. His seminal treatise, Tadhkirat al-Kahhalin (The Notebook of the Oculists), is one of the earliest and most comprehensive works on ophthalmology, detailing ocular anatomy, pathology, and surgical techniques. This paper critically examines existing literature on Ali ibn Isa, analyzing his contributions, methodological approaches, and the factors contributing to his relative obscurity in modern historiography. The review highlights his systematic classification of over 130 eye diseases, including pioneering descriptions of cataracts, trachoma, and optic nerve disorders. His surgical innovations, such as the couching technique for cataract removal, were groundbreaking for their time and laid the foundation for future advancements. Moreover, his emphasis on empirical observation and case-based diagnosis anticipated modern clinical methodologies. Despite these achievements, Ali ibn Isa’s legacy has been largely overshadowed by figures like Ibn Sina and Al-Razi. His limited recognition stems from Eurocentric biases in medical history, the fragmentation of Arabic medical manuscripts, and the specialized nature of his work, which may have constrained its broader impact. By re-evaluating his contributions, this study underscores the necessity of integrating non-Western medical traditions into global medical historiography. This paper argues that Ali ibn Isa’s work deserves greater scholarly attention for its historical significance and role in transmitting medical knowledge across cultures and periods. A more inclusive reassessment of medical history offers a richer understanding of the diverse intellectual traditions that have shaped contemporary medical practice.

The exponential growth of academic literature presents significant challenges for researchers in conducting comprehensive literature reviews and maintaining current knowledge in their fields. Traditional research methodologies often prove inadequate for processing the vast volumes of information available across multiple databases and repositories (Chen et al., 2024; Rodriguez & Kim, 2023). This study introduces a novel agentic artificial intelligence framework designed to enhance research productivity through intelligent automation of literature discovery and report generation processes. The proposed system employs a dual-agent architecture comprising a specialized Search Agent responsible for multi-database literature discovery and source quality assessment, and a Drafting Agent focused on content analysis, synthesis, and coherent report generation (Thompson & Williams, 2024). Through empirical evaluation involving 150 research tasks across 15 academic domains, our framework demonstrated substantial improvements over traditional research methods: 55% reduction in time requirements (from 18.7 to 8.3 days average), 23% improvement in source coverage (from 77% to 100%), 60% reduction in cost per literature review (from ,847 to ,139), and 28% increase in user satisfaction scores (from 3.2 to 4.1 out of 5.0). The system maintains high quality standards with an average quality score of 4.2/5.0 compared to 3.9/5.0 for traditional methods (Anderson et al., 2024). Domain-specific analysis reveals varying effectiveness, with interdisciplinary research showing the highest performance gains (68% time savings, 91% user satisfaction), followed by STEM disciplines (62% time savings, 94% satisfaction). The framework addresses critical challenges in academic research including information overload, source verification, and synthesis complexity while maintaining scholarly rigor and citation accuracy (Martinez & Lee, 2023). Implementation results demonstrate the practical viability of agentic AI systems in academic research contexts, providing a scalable solution for institutions seeking to enhance research productivity and quality.

The present study tries to examine the key factors that determine money demand in India over the period from 1996 to 2020. The Auto-Regressive Distributed Lag model is applied to capture both short-run and long-run dynamics. The long run results show that income, interest rate, and foreign exchange reserves have a significant impact on money demand, while the exchange rate appears statistically insignificant. The error correction term indicates that short-run disequilibrium adjusts toward equilibrium at a rate of 32 percent annually. Overall, the findings show the importance of broad money (M3) as a useful indicator to assess output gaps and inflation expectations, and highlight its role in the formulation of India’s inflation-targeted monetary policy.

This research examines the structural integrity of asphalt pavements in urban areas of Gulf Cooperation Council (GCC) cities—Riyadh, Dammam, and Dubai—through Falling Weight Deflectometer (FWD) testing. The study shows a general under-design of base layers with average back-calculated moduli ranging from 200–300 MPa, which is lower than the design standard of 400 MPa. A strong reverse correlation is found between Equivalent Single Axle Loads (ESALs) and asphalt modulus; with every increase of 1 million ESALs, there is a decrease of 10% in modulus. Moreover, ambient temperatures above 45 °C are responsible for a 15% reduction in asphalt stiffness, adding to fatigue and rutting hazards. For solution of these requirements, the paper suggests modified FWD thresholds within the climatic conditions of the Gulf: central deflection (D₀) below 120 µm and Surface Curvature Index (SCI) higher than 0.7. The approach covers a quantitative, non-destructive experimental framework by utilizing FWD surveys in shortlisted urban road corridors with a high volume of traffic. Data analysis entails back-calculation of layer moduli and statistical modeling to determine the effect of traffic loading and temperature fluctuations. The results highlight the need for region-specific pavement design and maintenance practices, incorporating FWD data into Pavement Management Systems (PMS) to improve infrastructure resilience and performance in the GCC region.

Hydroxyapatite (HAp), a calcium phosphate compound, is essential in biomedical and environmental applications due to its biocompatibility and adsorptive properties. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the compositional and structural integrity of hydroxyapatite extracted from cow femur, ribs, and skull bones by calcining the bones and analysing the resulting HAp powders using Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and X-ray Diffraction (XRD) techniques. FTIR analysis verified the presence of distinctive phosphate and hydroxyl functional groups in all samples, indicating successful conversion to HAp. SEM micrographs showed porous, uneven surface morphologies appropriate for biointegration. XRF verified calcium and phosphorus as dominating components. The oxide composition was further confirmed by XRF analysis, which showed that the most prevalent components were calcium oxide (CaO) and phosphorus pentoxide (P₂O₅), but with slightly different relative proportions across bone sources. The rib sample showed a higher magnesium oxide level, whereas the skull bone sample had the greatest CaO concentration. The concentrations of the different elements in the samples were not significantly different (p>0.05). XRD analysis confirmed phase-pure nanocrystalline hydroxyapatite with the main (211) peak at 31.8° and crystallite sizes between 60–70 nm, indicating high crystallinity and structural consistency. These nanoscale features enhance similarity to natural bone and bioactivity. The findings show that bovine-derived HAp maintains key structural and compositional characteristics across anatomical sources, making it a practical and affordable substitute for synthetic hydroxyapatite in biomedical and environmental applications such as contaminant remediation and bone restoration.

This project presents the development of AI-based facial recognition smart glasses designed to assist visually challenged individuals in identifying people around them. The smart glasses integrate a compact camera with an AI-powered facial recognition system to detect and recognize faces in real time. The recognized faces are then conveyed to the user via an audio output system, enabling seamless interaction in social environments. The system utilizes machine learning algorithms to enhance accuracy and adaptability, allowing users to register and recall known faces. The proposed solution aims to improve the independence and confidence of visually impaired individuals by providing an accessible and user-friendly assistive technology. Through rigorous testing and optimization, the smart glasses demonstrate significant potential in enhancing the daily lives of visually challenged users.

Background: Placenta accreta is a severe pregnancy complication causing postpartum hemorrhage, bladder injury, and peripartum hysterectomy. Ultrasonography for antenatal diagnosis of PAS disorder has shown reduced maternal morbidity and death, making it crucial for management. This study determined the diagnostic value of ultrasound for the antenatal diagnosis of placenta accreta spectrum in women with placenta previa. Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology of Dhaka Medical College from June 2022 to May 2023. Forty pregnant women with placenta previa attending the outpatient section were included. Patients underwent ultrasound to assess the placenta and diagnose placenta accreta spectrum. Patients were followed until delivery. Pregnancy outcomes and perioperative diagnoses were observed or obtained from hospital records. Results: The mean age was 30.58 ± 3.82 years, with the majority of participants aged 30–40 years. About 52.5% had parity ≥3, 60% had cesarean section ≥2, and 20% had previous placenta previa. A significant link existed between parity (≥3), cesarean history (≥2), age (≥32 years), and preoperative PAS diagnosis. Ultrasonography showed that 72.5% had a placenta accreta spectrum, while intraoperative findings showed 80%. Among PAS cases, placenta increta (40.6%) and percreta (40.6%) were most common, followed by accreta (18.8%). In management, 87.5% underwent peripartum hysterectomy, and 21.5% had bladder injury repair. Based on perioperative identification, USG showed 84.38% sensitivity, 75.00% specificity, and 82.50% accuracy. Conclusion: Eighty percent of participants had placenta accreta syndrome. PAS was linked with age over thirty-two, higher parity, and multiple cesarean sections. Most needed peripartum hysterectomy, and one-fifth required bladder repair. Antenatal ultrasonography is a feasible diagnostic tool with sufficient accuracy that may reduce peripartum complications.

Introduction: Although, the traditional medicine is frequently used in the treatment of neurological diseases in sub-Saharan Africa particularly in Mali, very few studies have characterized aspects such as the factors influencing the use of traditional medicine, the types of traditional medicine used, the neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used, and the adverse events linked to traditional medicine. The aim of our work was to enrich the Neurology Department's data on neurological diseases and traditional medicine, focusing on the different types of traditional medicine used, the factors influencing their use, the neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used and the adverse events related to traditional medicine use. Method: This was a prospective, cross-sectional study of outpatients and inpatients seen in the neurology department at CHU Gabriel TOURE, conducted over three (3) months. The data collected were entered and analyzed using the following software packages: SPSS version 22.0, Microsoft office Excel 2010 and Epi InfoTM 7. We performed a univariate analysis to obtain the mean and standard deviation for quantitative data, and the numbers and percentages for qualitative data. In the bivariate analysis, Chi-square and Fisher's exact tests were used to determine a significant association between the categorical independent variables and the dependent variable. Values of p<0.05 are considered statistically significant. Results: Of the 106 patients admitted for consultation or hospitalization during the study period, the majority (91.5%) used traditional medicine. Patients with neurological diseases who used traditional medicine accounted for 57.5%. Stroke was the most frequent neurological diseases that motivated our patients to consult or to be hospitalized in the Department of Neurology (36.8%), followed by lumbo-radiculopathy (17.9%). Belief in traditional medicine was the most prevalent factor influencing the use of traditional medicine (57.4%). The majority of patients (83.6%) attributed their illness to divine punishment. Phytotherapy was the most common type of traditional medicine received by our patients (55.7%), followed by massage (27.9%). The majority of our patients had no adverse events (95.3%). Patients with epilepsy and low back pain were more likely to use traditional medicine than those who did not use traditional medicine (RR= 4.80; 95% CI= (1.14 - 20.20) and p= 0.006; RR= 6.27; 95% CI= (1.53 -25.78); p= 0.000). The use of phytotherapy was significantly more frequent in patients seen for stroke (p=0.000) and epilepsy (p=0.002) than others types of traditional medicine. In addition, massage was most frequently used in patients with low back pain (p=0.000) others types of traditional medicine. Conclusion: Our study showed that the majority of our patients used traditional medicine. More than half of patients with neurological diseases used traditional medicine. Factors influencing the use of traditional medicine were mainly dominated by belief in traditional medicine and cultural attachment to traditional medicine. The most commonly used types of traditional medicine are phytotherapy and massage. Neurological diseases for which traditional medicine is used are dominated by stroke and lomboradiculopathy. Almost all our patients have not experienced any adverse effects from traditional medicine.

Context: This study identifies a set of professional criterion for evaluating online Physical Education (PE) lectures and empirically tests their efficacy on 128 students at Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology and Education (HCMUTE). Findings: Six professional criteriion (PC) were selected through two rounds of expert interviews and Wilcoxon signed-rank testing (P > 0.05): (1) Lecture Introduction; (2) Lecture Content; (3) Learner Interaction; (4) Teaching Materials; (5) Multimedia Usage; and (6) Assessment & Evaluation. The resulting scale demonstrated high internal consistency (Cronbach’s α = 0.809). After eight weeks of implementation, the combined mean score across all six criterion was 3.96/5 (“Agree”), with the highest subscore for Lecture Content (4.13 ± 0.83) and the lowest for Multimedia Usage (3.69 ± 0.97). Coefficients of variation (Cv) fell below 25 % for most criterion, indicating strong consensus among students. Discussion: These findings confirm both the feasibility and professional effectiveness of online PE lectures while suggesting that multimedia design should be further improved to enhance the learning experience.

Gut feeling is what is equivalent to intuition & that is why having a healthy gut is very critical. The gut goes through a myriad of issues like Irritable Bowel Disease (IBD), Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS) & Celiac Disease (CD). The high calorie, low fibre or the fast foods contribute to gut issues. The uses of pre-biotic & pro-biotic foods have escalated as the gut related issues have cropped up as the mental issues have catalyzed the gut related issue. The relevance of the article has increased in current circumstances as the new COVID variant of 2025 is attacking the gut. Crohn’s disease is also touched upon in the article while also establishing a link between the gut & the Parkinson’s Disease (PD). As the issue of individualized approach gets a focus among the therapeutics, the article discusses the role of Homoeopathy which is an individualized system of treatment. Further, it delves into other modalities of homoeopathy as a therapeutic approach at mass level.

Virtual and augmented reality are both integrated into mixed reality, enabling users to interact with real or artificial environments based on their needs. Integrating mixed reality into dental loupes could reduce treatment time and minimize the need to constantly look away from patients to consult computer screens. This study aims to determine the impact of mixed reality adoption by examining digital screen usage in X-Guide navigated implant surgeries, and to evaluate whether newly adopted assisted reality for navigated implant surgeries reduces computer screen dependency. This retrospective analysis involves two oral surgeons with a total of 55 treated patients. Data from these practitioners will assess mixed reality implementation in dental loupes, measuring their interactions with digital computers based on the treatment type. All implant surgeries utilized X-Guide by X-Nav Technologies. Statistical analysis was conducted using two-sample t-tests to identify whether the usage of assisted reality glasses in implant surgeries reduces treatment time and computer usage. An ANOVA test revealed significant variance in computer usage, indicating that mixed reality benefits vary across oral surgical procedures. Two independent two-sample t-tests revealed a statistically significant 22.1% reduction in treatment time and an 66.7% reduction in computer usage in X-Guide implant surgeries utilizing assisted reality. The findings on computer usage indicated that oral surgery could benefit significantly from mixed reality adoption. Digital implant surgeries with mixed reality integrated loupes would be more advantageous for implant procedures by enabling hand interaction, a feature not available in the screen-mirroring assisted reality glasses used in this study.