This article was written to sensitize Nigerian students, staff and faculty of tertiary institutions to the problem of plagiarism. The study emanated from the humanistic point of reasoning and used data from secondary source to: (i) explain the concept of plagiarism, (ii) discuss various forms of plagiarism, (iii) highlight the causes of plagiarism and (iv) explain the consequences of plagiarism. The study also indicates how to avoid plagiarism in academic presentations in order to ensure academic integrity in higher education systems in Nigeria.

The effect of isoniazid and rifampicin on metabolism dependent hepatotoxicity of methimazole (MMI) was studied in BALB/c mice. Hepatic damage was induced by single intraperitoneal dose of MMI (1000mg/kg). Pretreatment with isoniazid and rifampicin was carried out in separate groups for ten days and six days respectively prior to administration of methimazole. The extent of liver injury was determined by measuring alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) along with histopathological analysis of liver samples. The elevation of liver enzyme levels caused by MMI was augmented by rifampicin however; isoniazid exhibited a protective role by preventing MMI induced escalation in serum ALT, AST and ALP. The biochemical findings were also reflected in histological examination. These findings suggest that activity of microsomal enzymes can influence the hepatotoxic potential of MMI

The process of globalization in modern world has affected all spheres of our life – politics, economy and culture. To realize these processes people should have a common means of communication – a lingua franca. The English language has become this lingua franca, as about 1, 5 billion people speak English today. People of different cultural, ethnic and religious identities should have more to share than ever before. And one of the means of their crosscultural communication in many parts of the world today is the English language. People today communicate beyond national borders by e-mailing, chatting, blogging besides speaking and writing. Global networking has produced new societies of hybrid and very often conflicting cultures, where people are to become pluricultural individuals. The article deals with the problems of national language variety definition in general and special lexicography. The definition of the term “national language” is given; its subcategories, such as “dialect”, “form”, “variety”, and “variant” are analyzed, and the ways of the national language formation and changes are described.

Serum Carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA 19-9), a marker of malignant tumors, is generally slightly elevated in benign conditions. We report a 58 year old male with jaundice and elevated CA 19-9 levels (8,474 IU/ml). Radiological imaging of the liver, pancreas and extrahepatic biliary tree revealed neither malignancy, nor obstruction. The only remarkable finding was biopsy-proven nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). This presentation indicates that significantly high CA 19-9 levels could be associated with NASH

One of the major challenges to transformation in Africa is insecurity due to socio-religious upheavals. The level of insecurity in some countries in Africa is so high that it poses great threat to transformative bids in various facets of governance. Constant security reports in the audio-visual and print media are largely on the negative to the point that one is forced to assume that the experience is now the order of the day. The perpetrators of the evil act seem to be taking advantage of concentration of security vigilance on city-centres rather than local settings where the recruitment and training of the hoodlums seem to be carried out more. This implies that there is the need for an administrative procedure that will easily detect and nip the socio- religious upheavals in the bud. This paper therefore, proposes the indigenous administrative procedure of king and his counsellors in South-west Nigeria to transform the African societies to a more peaceful atmosphere. This is because the indigenous administrative virtues being proposed accounted for the enduring peaceful scenarios in the traditional African societies.

Most countries consider ISIS as one of the most dangerous terrorist organization in which operation has brought a major threat to national security and peace in many countries, as well to human, regional and global security and peace because of its ability to amass combatants, funding, and territory. In achieving its goals to establish a fundamentalist Islamic state as well as to impose its worldwide view of Islam extremism, it practices political and military tactics by the use of ruthless force on both Muslims and non-Muslims people. Ethnic cleansing carried out by ISIS towards Non-Muslims can be considered a very serious crime and represents a part of terrorist actions which aims to force the scenario of dividing Iraq and creating a terrorist front in its occupied territories in Iraq. The rapid advance of ISIS in Iraq has completely changed the balance of power in the country. In addition, it threatens not only the integrity of the country, but also leads to redrawing of borders across wider regions.

Orodispersible tablets (ODT) of levocetirizine was prepared using natural polysaccharides ipomoea batatas starch, amorphophallus campanulatus starch and their modified form by direct compression method and evaluated for their superdisintegrant activity. Levocetirizine dihydrochloride was used as a model drug. The prepared formulations were compared with synthetic superdisintegrants such as crosspovidone and diluent Ludiflash for disintegration and other ODT parameters. FTIR study indicated no interaction between drug and excipients. Precompression parameters, studied for all the formulations were found to be satisfactory. Different concentrations of 2.5%, 5, 7.5% and 10% of modified and unmodified forms of both starches were studied for the improvement in the ODT parameters. The formulations LISN (10%), LISM (10%) (LIS-levocetirizine dihydrochloride+ ipomoea batatas starch; N-Natural; M-Modified) and LASN (10%), LASM (10%) (LAS-levocetirizine dihydrochloride+amorphophallus campanulatus starch; N-Natural; M-modified) of both the starches showed better DT than lower concentrations. Synthetic superdisintegrant crosspovidone was compared with formulations of natural superdisintegrants. The formulation containing crospovidone 5% concentration showed better DT of 32 seconds compared to natural superdisintegrants, and was used for further comparison of modified polysaccharides. The tablets prepared with Ludiflash as diluent without crospovidone, showed no significant difference in disintegration time. The formulation LASMLU (LAS-Levocetirizine dihydrochloride + amorphophallus campanulatus starch; M-Modified; Lu-Ludiflash) showed 95% of drug release compared to other formulations. The release profile of 10% of modified amorphophallus campanulatus starch LASM or Ludiflash (LASMLU) formulations did not show any significant difference in release profile. Hence in conclusion starch citrate, a new modified starch at 10% or at 5% concentration with crosspovidone with or without Ludiflash as diluent can be used as superdisintegrant for the preparation of orodispersible tablets

Negative myths and misconceptions about family planning (F.P.) are a barrier to modern contraceptive use. Myths and misconceptions about methods can spread through informal communication via social networks and lead to continued negative perceptions. To date, much of the research on contraceptive myths and misconceptions has focused on individual level attitudes and contraceptive use. Family planning is the planning of when to have children and use of birth control and other techniques to implement these plans. The reason for not using any family planning methods are lack of knowledge and education, religious belief and fear of side effects. Family planning counseling needs to be universally included into routine antenatal activities. Besides improving formal female education is certain to raise the existing knowledge and also to dispel the prevailing misinformation and misperception about family planning methods. There is also need to review the national family planning program with particular emphasis on contraceptive needs of adolescents to improve accessibility and availability of all family planning services. The aim of this study is to review the myths and beliefs of people regarding contraceptive methods

In situ gel is a novel ophthalmic dosage form, which persists as solution form at room temperature but undergoes gel transformation when instilled into ophthalmic cavity, thus enhancing the patient compliance. In this present study ion activated in situ ophthalmic gel of Moxifloxacin hydrochloride and Ketorolac tromethamine combination are prepared by using gelrite (0.1-0.25% w/v) as gelling agent and carboxy methyl tamarind kernel powder(0.2-0.45% w/v) as viscosity enhancing agent and rate controlling polymer, Benzalkonium chloride in suitable proportion was used as preservative. The compatability study between drug and polymer was done by FTIR and DSC. The formulations were sterilized by autoclaving at 1210 C at 15 PSI at 20 min. The formulations passed various evaluation parameters like visual appearance, clarity, pH, gelling capacity, drug content and in vitro diffusion studies, antimicrobial study, stability study. The drug release pattern was analysed by derivative spectroscopy using ZCP method. The release pattern of the best formulation indicated that both the drug showed sustained release pattern for a period of 12 hours thus enhancing the contact time of drug with ocular tissues and reducing the nasolacrimal drainage. From this present work it can be concluded that In situ ophthalmic gel is an alternative to convention drug delivery system

In this paper, motor imagery EEG signals are preprocessed, using the state-of-the-art measurement and control software LabVIEW. Firstly, the elliptic filter is used for digital band-pass filtering. Then the soft-thresholding approach is adopted for wavelet denoising to enable programming with the BCI Competition 2005 dataset. The experimental results show that the method not only saves a lot of time in development and debugging, but also provides a good foundation for implementing a BCI system.

Quality of Care and patient satisfaction are major challenges faced by the healthcare sector in Jordan. This paper aims to comparative study of the factors affecting service quality on the Patient Satisfaction from patient‟s perspectives in Jordan. Cross Sectional Survey. The study sample consisted of (200) respondents divided between King Hussein Medical Centre Hospital and Al-Bashir Hospital. The collected data were analyzed using the SPSS package. The study results revealed that quality of care has an impact on patient satisfaction. Moreover the results indicated that patients are satisfied with quality of care in the two hospitals. The study recommended that the two hospitals have to set up criteria for their quality provided for patients, and they are requested to provide sufficient number of qualifies medical staff to deal with the increased number of patients.

The study aimed at assessing the drivers of growth of women-owned micro enterprises in Meru Municipality, Kenya. The study employed descriptive research design. Self administered questionnaires were used to collect data from the respondents. Descriptive statistics was used to analyze the data. Analyzed data was presented in the form of frequency tables, pie charts, bar graphs and percentages. The study concluded that, there is need for women entrepreneurs to participate in entrepreneurship trainings and beneficial associations. The study recommended that: Private sectors and NGOs in collaboration with the government should be encouraged to come up with programs of inculcating women entrepreneurship culture through business conferences, exhibitions, foreign tours. Such forums will act as learning centres for women entrepreneurs.

Data clustering has been considered as the most important raw data analysis method used in data mining technology. To extract the unknown valuable information from the large volume of data for so many real time applications are used in data classification. Most of the clustering techniques proved their efficiency in many applications such as decision making systems, medical sciences, earth sciences etc. Partition based clustering is one of the main approach in clustering. There are various algorithms of data clustering, every algorithm has its own advantages and disadvantages. This work reports the results of classification performance of three such widely used algorithms namely K-means (KM), Fuzzy c-means and Possibilistic Fuzzy c-Means (PFCM) clustering algorithms. To analyze these algorithms two known data sets from UCI machine learning repository are taken. From the repository the efficiency of clustering output is compared with the classification performance, percentage of correctness and no. of iterations taken to converge objective function. The experimental results prove that PFCM produces poor results compared to FCM and Kmeans algorithm yields more accurate results than the FCM and PFCM algorithms for liver data.

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Effect of xanthosoma biomass in vegetable oil industry effluent by coag-flocculation process has been undertaken at room temperature. The coag-flocculation activity and kinetic parameters of xanthosoma biomass in vegetable oil industry effluent were determined at varying; dosages, settling time and pH. The coag-flocculation behaviour of xanthosoma biomass was evaluated using standard Jar test method. The maximum kinetic parameters determined were recorded at K of 3x10-5L/mg, pH of 6, t1∕2=33.33 min while the minimum values are recorded at K of 1 x10-5, pH of 10, t1∕2 = 80min. Regression analysis was used to ascertain the accuracy of the fit to the postulated kinetic model. However, it was concluded that the second order kinetic model described the reaction most adequately with highest regression coefficient (R2) of 0.9869, pH of 6 at 2g dosage. The maximum turbidity removal efficiency (E) was recorded at 83 for dosage, time and pH indicating that xanthosoma biomass is a potential coagulant for effective wastewater treatment.