Recently in this laboratory 8-phenylthiacabamido-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-1, 8-(phenyl-2,4-dithiabiureto)-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-2, 8-[(3-phenylimino)-1,2,4-dithiazolo]-amino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4]triazolo [4,3-a][1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-3, 8-[(2-phenylimino-6-phenylamino)-1,3,5-dithiazinoimino]-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H-[1,2,4] triazolo[4,3- a][1,4]benzodiazepine i.e.M-4, 8-[(2-thio-3-phenyl-6-phenylamino)-1,3,5-thiadi- azino]imino-1-methyl-6-phenyl-4H- [1,2,4] triazolo [4,3-a] [1,4] benzodiazepine i.e.M-5 were synthesized and their antimicrobial activities were tested against E. coli, B. subtilis, S. typhi, S. aureus, B. megatherium, A. aerogenes, P. vulgaris by Disc diffusion method and MIC methods. These compounds showed good results.

Present research work comprises, isomerisation of series of (2E)-1-[4-(2-ethylimino-4-substitutedimino)-1,3,5- dithiazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3-(3,4-dimethoxy phenyl)prop-2-en-1-one (Ia-e) were successfully carried using sodium bicarbonate in aqueous ethanol in to (2E)-1-[4-(2,4-dithio-3-ethyl-5-substituted-1,3,5-triazino-6-yl) aminophenyl]-3- (3,4-dimethoxyphenyl) prop-2-en-1-one (IIa-e). All the synthesized compounds were justified on the basis of chemical tests, elemental study and spectral characterization.

The study was conducted in the Bolgatanga Municipality of Ghana involving 360 household heads. A simple random sampling was used to select the households from 12 randomly selected Electoral Areas out of 47 Electoral Areas. The study shows that 34% preferred plastic products because of the lack of alternative materials while 53% and 13% preferred plastics products because it was common and light in weight respectively. The desire to use plastic products has resulted in high plastic waste generation. Out of the total households of 360, 2% were not aware that plastics could cause any threat whilst 98% households were very much aware of the threats caused by plastics. In a multiple response, almost all household within the Municipality agreed that plastic waste created a diversity of problems. 97% indicated that plastic waste silt gutters, 97% said plastic waste creates unsanitary environmental conditions, 66% was of the view that plastic wastes serves as breading grounds for mosquitoes, 60% said they cause animal death whilst 53% said they pollute water bodies. Also nearly 50% indicated that plastic wastes affect human health and 59% said they affect agricultural soils. The study also revealed that 34% were not willing to separate plastics waste from household waste before disposal whilst 66% were willing to do so. The Bolgatanga Municipality and the Zoomlion Company have very little capacity to manage plastic waste in the Municipality. The government and civil society organizations must therefore establish recycling plants in each region to convert the plastic wastes into useful products for the society.

Four-aminopyridine (4-AP) is a potassium channel blocker often used in the management of some neurological disorders, and is often accompanied with seizures as one of its side effect. This study comparatively assessed the effects of two anticonvulsants (MgSO4 and Diazepam) on seizures induced by 4-AP in CD1 mice, with a view to possibly recommend the combined administration of 4-AP with any of these anticonvulsants to ameliorate convulsions (one of 4-AP’s side effects). Twenty one (21) CD1 mice weighing 20 – 25g were used for this study. They were assigned into 3 groups (n = 7) as follows; control seizure (13.3mg kg-1 of 4-AP), seizure + diazepam (2mg kg-1), and seizure + MgSO4 (4.5mg kg-1) groups. Induction of seizures was done 30 minutes after the intramuscular and subcutaneous administration of the anticonvulsants (MgSO4 and diazepam, respectively), after which parameters such as; the onset of trembling, wild running, jerking, tonic clonic seizures and time of death, were evaluated using standard methods. The results obtained showed that MgSO4 and Diazepam delayed the onset of seizures by significantly (p<0.001) increasing the onset of trembling, wild running, jerking, tonic clonic seizures and significantly (p<0.001) delayed time of death compared with control. MgSO4 significantly (p<0.001) increased the onset of trembling, wild running, jerking, tonic clonic seizures and delayed the time of death compared to diazepam. Both anticonvulsants delayed the onset of the events that bring about seizures induced by 4-AP, but none could completely reverse seizures; therefore the combined administration of 4-AP and either of these anticonvulsants may not offer any therapeutic benefit following seizures induced by 4-AP.

Most common treatment modality for a missing teeth these days is either a denture or implant based prosthesis. Great level of patient satisfaction has also been achieved with these two treatment options but scientifically speaking, both of these aren’t biologically totally in coherence with the host system as the chances of foreign body rejection is always with them. Hence as the research continues in this modern era of dentistry, it is inevitable to open the roadway for an exact biologically duplicate model for what is to be replaced. Talking about the regenerative endodontics, various techniques have been employed for the same. But the most promising and encouraging technique has been the scaffold based regeneration. Three dimension scaffolds which mimic the cells natural extracellular matrix as close as possible are being extensively studied these days and have emerged as a promising option for the replacement of missing tooth with an entirely biological prosthesis, which can probably be called as a ―Bio-Tooth‖.

Apoptosis is a well defined mode of cell death which plays an important role in the development, regulation, and maintenance of the cell count in all multicellular organisms. It is responsible for the cell-death events that occur right from the formation of the early embryo and the sculpting and moulding of organs in adult life. Apoptosis has role in both health and diseases with defective apoptotic mechanisms leading to wide range of pathologies including oral diseases. This review focuses on the role and significance of apoptosis in various physiologic as well as pathologic processes affecting the oral cavity.

Lexemes relate in terms of sense in various ways that are linguistically referred to as homonymy, polysemy, antonymy, synonymy and even hyponymy among others. Though some of these relations like hyponymy tend to include majorly lexemes referring to discrete objects that relate in terms of sense, there is a lexical relation whereby one whole object refers to a combination of various parts which may include discrete and abstract entities. These parts are of different structures and functions. This relation involving the whole and the parts is normally referred to as meronymy. Thus the article shows the application of set theory formulas in the presentation of lexical meronymy. Though there are component – integral object, member – collection, portion – mass, stuff – object, feature – activity and also place – area relations in meronymy, the study has only embarked on the component – integral object and place –area relations together with some two more proposed period – time and colour – spectrum relations.

In order to realize the sharing of medical data and solve the current situation of excessive medical treatment and waste of resources between patients and medical institutions, medical information interface engine is used to set up different levels of middleware interface. According to the international standard of medical information, the data format is defined, and the management, sharing and transmission of medical data are realized by using middleware software technology.

Vegetable oils are basically of fatty acids and the amount present can affect the properties of the resulting biodiesel. The aim of this study is to investigate how the transesterification affects the fatty acid profile of the resulting biodiesel produced. Seven vegetable oil types were selected for the study. They were transesterified and blended with diesel and the fatty acid profiles determined by method of gas chromatography. The results obtained shows that fatty acid profile of vegetable oils changes slightly after transesterification and mostly constant with blending.

Bridelia ferruginea is commonly grown in Western Tropical Africa. The purpose of this research work is to determine the antimicrobial activities, qualitative and quantitative phytochemical screening, elemental composition, proximate analysis and anti-nutrient composition of purified fraction of Bridelia ferruginea extracts. The organisms used for this research are Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 29213, Escherichia coli ATCC 25922, Klebsiella pneumonia ATCC 35659, Pseudomonas aeruginosaATCC 25619,and candida albican ATCC 90029. The leaf and bark were extracted using ethyl acetate as the extracting solvent. The plant extracts were partially purified using Colum chromatography method of analysis, to separate the plant extracts to different fractions and various eluting solvent namely N-hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were used during Colum chromatograph. The antimicrobial activity of partially purified fractions Bridelia ferruginea were determined by agar dilution method. The result revealed that fraction of ethyl acetate extracts of Bridelia ferruginea leaf and bark eluting with N- hexane, ethyl acetate and ethanol were effective against some of the clinical isolates. In fraction one (f1), fraction two (f2) and fraction three (f3) of purified ethyl acetate leaf extracts, using ethanol, ethyl acetate and n-hexane as the eluting solvent.

Abstract: This article is a culmination of a study examining the legal and institutional framework that Kenya has for regulating adult content in broadcast media. In that regard, the children’s rights in relation to protection from broadcast content as encapsulated in the Constitution of the republic of Kenya is considered. The relevant international conventions that Kenya has ratified and how local laws seek to protect children from potentially harmful broadcast media is of paramount interest. The researchers draw from the Kenya Information and Communication (Amendment) Act 2013, the Kenya Information and Communication (Broadcasting) Regulations 2009 which are still relevant to the new aforementioned Act, the Media Council of Kenya 2013 and the Children Act of Kenya. The objective is to examine various regulations and laws and how they protect children from potentially harmful broadcast content in Kenya. The findings establish various laws in Kenya providing for the regulation of broadcast media, which are implemented by two media regulatory bodies: Media Council and Communications Authority of Kenya. The two regulatory bodies are the two parallel public complaints systems to which Kenyans can launch complaints regarding media content. The writers conclude that as things are currently, children in Kenya face a dangerous future in terms of their morals unless measures are put in place to watchdog the fourth estate.

Till date, there has been no single material in dentistry that is idyllic in nature, which can satisfy all the necessities of a superlative material. As the search for an ―ideal restorative material‖ continues, newer group of materials were introduced. These are ―Smart Materials’’, as they support the remaining tooth structure to the level, so that more conservative cavity preparation can be performed. These materials may be improved in a precise manner by stimulus such as stress, temperature, moisture, pH, electric or magnetic field. Some of these are ―Biomimetic‖ in nature as their properties imitate the natural tooth constituent such as Enamel or Dentin. The existing dental materials were amended so as to make them smarter. Use of Smart materials has modernized dentistry which comprises the use of restorative materials such as Smart composites, Smart ceramics, Composers, Resin modified glass ionomer, Amorphous calcium phosphate releasing pit and fissure sealants, etc. and other materials such as Shape memory alloys, Smart impression material, Smart suture, Smart burs, etc., . This article highlights the use of Smart materials for achieving benefit by the conventional restorative procedures in dentistry.

Dental prosthesis can cause an increase in the accumulation of plaque bacteria that could lead to progression of periodontal disease; but if patients have effective oral hygiene maintenance and regular check-up visits, this increase in plaque bacteria could be prevented. Defective removable partial dentures (RPD’s) and certain design features could lead the progression of periodontal disease. This article reports a case of faulty prosthesis affecting the periodontal health which was fabricated by the local dentist.

Intra-cardiac tumors are rare with estimated prevalence in autopsy series of 0.02%. Atrial myxoma is the most common primary cardiac tumor. The diagnosis can be challenging and high index of suspicion is required for prompt diagnosis and recognition, as symptoms and signs are nonspecific. Atrial myxoma is one of the few emergency diagnoses in cardiac surgery that require urgent consultation and resection to avoid serious embolic complications. We present a case of atrial myxoma with recurrent embolization. We reviewed the literature for prevalence, clinical presentation, diagnostic challenges and treatment of atrial myxoma

Obesity or overweight is defined as the generalized accumulation of excess adipose tissue (fat) in the body resulting in an increase of more than 20 percent of the desirable weight. According to the WHO obesity has spread worldwide affecting over 300 million adults over 115 million people in developing countries. Obesity is a hindrance leading to breathlessness on moderate exertion and leads many dreadful diseases like hypertension. Diabetes, fatty liver, heart diseases, gallbladder and osteoarthritis of joints. It invites disability, disease and premature deaths. It is a chronic disease. In the literature, we observe a number of causes and factors responsible for obesity. Obesity is more common in Kashmir valley due to faulty dietary practices and accepting sedentary life style. It is our duty to maintain weight of our body at an early stage of life otherwise life expectancy may decrease. In the present study, we examine 400 adolescents from the district Anantnag of Kashmir valley at random using appropriate statistical technique to identify the common causes of obesity and to assess the food habits of the studied population. The data collected was analysed using suitable statistical tools. The results obtained in this study revealed that obesity is significantly correlated with factors like Socioeconomic status, Gender and Parental education of an individual.