This paper contributes to an understanding of the main factors and actors that create the imperative for educational change in the six member countries of the East African Community (EAC) and how governance dynamics reflect on their policy positions. The method of study is qualitative and uses mainly existing literature as a synthesis. The study notes that the main drivers of educational change in the region are national and political transformation agenda; foreign aid conditionality; the advent and revival of the East African Community; and patronage, clientelism and corruption inherent in the neo-patrimonial set-up of the state. The member countries of the bloc initially drew upon the imperative of nationbuilding back in the 1960s to assign value to educational change as intertwined with Independence from colonial rule. Orthodox reform later assumed greater prominence in the 1980s and 1990s as aid conditionality drastically undermined gains made in educational expansion. Reforms undertaken in late 1990s and 2000s have been in response to the quest for democratisation in East Africa. Amid the clamour for policy convergence on educational change, there is need for a regionwide process of mutual policy borrowing, considerable harmonisation of curricula for secondary & higher education, and increased student and staff mobility. The study concludes that the history of state formation, political competition and statesociety relations in the EAC points to a complex variable of macro policy convergence in educational change and governance that calls for consummate tact as the region seeks a market-mediated identity and contemplates political federation.

Gaussian Mixed Model (GMM) has seen an increase in terms of usage especially to tackle the issue or problem of fraud activities in telecommunication industry. Like any other methods, GMM has its equal share of problems related to the maximum likelihood estimation and the determination of the number of components in GMM. In this paper we will highlight solutions to the said problems such as Expectation Maximization (EM) algorithm and the methods that are normally used to determine the number of components in GMM, which include the most recent research work done by the authors using Kernel method and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC); and the successful derivation of hypothesis testing in the determination of the number of components in GMM. The said derivation has never been attempted before due to the difficulty and complexity of GMM, as exemplified by the use of EM algorithm in solving its maximum likelihood estimation problem. The performance of the hypothesis testing, which is positive and promising despite using different percentage of overlapping; and the comparison of hypothesis testing to AIC, which produced conflicting results under certain conditions will also be highlighted

Vinculin is one the most common proteins that have been studied commonly in recent years. Vinculin has anti-tumor effect and loss of vinculin causes development of many cancer types. Because of this Vinculin is a marker and it shoulde be evaluated for invitro and clinical studies. LC/MS based proteomics is the main tool to analyze hundreds of proteins in very short time because it offers high sensitivity and accuracy. Today nano LC is the min tool for LC/MS proteomics researches but UPLC/MS based systems have been developed and offered more robust and easy way for proteomics. In this study we used normal flow UPLC/Q-TOF method to analyze caco-2 colon cancer cell line. One of our targets for this study was to identify Vinculin as a cancer marker. We digested proteins from caco-2 cells and analyzed with UPLC/MS. Recorded MS/MS data was used with Maxquant bioinformatic system. We identified 5 unique peptides that belonged to Vinculin. We used 20 ppm mass tolerance for amino acid sequence matching with uniprot human database. We made three raplicate to observe identification reprocubility. Also We used label free quantification method and calculated vinculin intensity

Labor union is one apex body of labor which is established with the purpose of advocacy and bargaining for the rights and benefit of labor. Union itself is power which can discuss with government and non-government organization for the betterment of labor. The labor union advocates on the different types of needs and right of labor, but the study has explore the role of labor union in promotion of physical facilities for workers of manufacturing industries of Bara and Parsa district of Nepal. In total 385 workers were selected randomly for the structured questionnaire survey. The statistical analysis of eight indicators measured in the field to know the status of physical facilities shows that in total only 39.68% workers agreed that labor union had played the effective role to manage the physical facilities for labor union which is not satisfactory result on the basis of objective of labor union. So, the role of labor union should be more effective and need to develop the new strategy of their action.

This study was aimed to investigate the association between thyroid disorders and lipid profile in 122 patients (100 females and 22 males ) referred to the Specialized Center for Endocrinology and Diabetes at Al –kindy Hospital in Baghdad . For comparison, 60 healthy individuals (31 females and 29 males), who had no thyroid disorders, were also included in the study. Blood samples were collected from both patients and the healthy individuals. Enzyme Linked Fluorescent Assay (ELFA) technique through using Vitek Immuno Diagnostic Assay System (VIDAS) was applied to measure levels of the thyroid hormones (tri-iodothyronine T3, tetra-iodothyroxine T4) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH). From the results obtained, patients were classified into three groups: 40 were considered as belonging to the controlled * group ( 26 females and 14 males), 57 to the hypothyroidism group (52 females and 5 males) and 25 belonged to hyperthyroidism group ( 22 females and 3 males). Females constituted the vast majority of both healthy and thyroid disorders patients with percentages of (51.7%) and (81.96%), respectively. The results also declared that there was a correlation between increasing the cholesterol level and decreasing level of high density lipoprotein (HDL).

In this paper, we build a formal, rigorous economic model for foreign language learning, taking language input and language output as two crucial factors working jointly to generate language competence. The central idea behind our model is that the learner, constrained by limited resources, is confronted with a tradeoff between input-oriented training and output-oriented training. First, one major contribution of our modeling lies in its effort to reconcile the Input Hypothesis with the Output Hypothesis in the literature by showing that one important aspect of the learner’s learning strategy, i.e. the input-output mix, is crucially dependent on the learning environment. Second, our modeling provides guidelines for data based empirical research, where the partial effects of the variables of interest can be estimated and hypotheses on the directions and magnitudes of the effects can be tested, econometrically. Third, our modeling also provides insights that can assist language instructors in making and fine-tuning teaching strategies.

Antimicrobial resistance reduces the effectiveness of the standard treatment and also increases the risk of spreading the disease to others. Therefore, there is an urgent need for the development of new class of antimicrobials. In such an attempt, benzothiazole schiff base hybrids synthesised were evaluated for antimicrobial potency against E. coli, S. typhi, S. aureus, E. faecalis, K. pneumonia, P. aeruginosa, C. albicans, C. tropicalis, and C. krusei and also an attempt was made to understand their molecular mechanism of action. Some of the benzothiazole schiff base hybrids have exhibited excellent antimicrobial activity with MIC of 3.91µg/ml against S.aureus, P.aeruginosa and E.coli in comparison with the standard drug ciprofloxacin. The molecular mechanism of action of benzothiazole schiff base hybrids was elucidated in both intact bacterial cells and plasmid DNA. The potent antimicrobial activity of the hybrids may be due to membrane perturbing mode of action explicated by membrane depolarization assay and fluorescent assisted cell cytometry (FACS) study on intact bacterial cell. However, the activity may also be due to the intracellular mode of action explicated by DNA cleavage study on plasmid DNA

The present study was carried out to evaluate the preliminary phytochemical screening and in vitro antidiabetic activity of Plumeria acuminata leaves. The leaves of Plumeria acuminata was extracted with different solvents and phytochemical investigations were done for all extracts using standard procedures. In vitro anti-diabetic activity of ethyl acetate extract of Plumeria acuminata (MEPA) was evaluated using α-amylase inhibition assay. The percentage inhibition increased in a dose dependent manner. In this study we investigated the better in vitro anti-diabetic potential of the Plumeria acuminata

Posterior shoulder dislocations are still a challenge for the treating physician. The mechanisms of trauma are varied, which complicates diagnosis. Missed or delayed diagnosis and treatment can have serious deleterious effects on shoulder function. Here we present the case of a young patient who suffered a direct trauma on the left shoulder stump, resulting in posterior glenohumeral dislocation, irreducibly orthopedic. Preoperative CT scan and surgical exploration, performed by a delto-pectoral approach, showed the presence of “Hill-Sachs lesion” not exceeding 15% of the humeral circumference, and coming to stop against the posterior border of the glenoid cavity, without ligamentous or capsular interposition. The shoulder was stable after reduction. The surgical procedure was completed by a capsulorraphy, without the need to fill the humeral defect

This paper, in a two-pronged interrogation first contends that the interpretive enterprise has, overtime, drawn, and still draws from disparate insights by seminal thinkers, from Aristotle through Matthew Arnold to the emergence of the „subversive‟ Modern Literary and Critical theories, which are paradoxically „sub- versions‟ of those coalescence of in sights from those of the classical seminal thinkers to the present. Predicating its second contention on the first above, this paper argues that the process of accessing meanings in a literary text presupposes the resolution of a number of issues, issues that border on Attridge‟s (1988) „shifting web of socially produced relations, judgments, and distinctions which eventually opens it to change and cultural variation‟, as well as those issues that transcend the literary to the political, the economic, the psychological, the social, and the philosophical. Consequently, the paper concludes that the interpretation of African literary text may be open to all nature of critics and critical paradigms, but what remains indubitable is the fact that no single critical standard can sufficiently engage the nuances of an African literary text as to present to the readers all its possible vistas, more so, given the composite construct or elements of an African literary text, and the fact that most of those theories were not particularly cognizant of the peculiarities of Africa‟s pre-colonial history , and literary heritage. Further, this paper suggests the employment of diverse critical parameters from across the disparate critical standards in any reading of an African text.

In present study an attempt has been made to study the antimicrobial activity and chemical composition of leaves and flowers of Spilanthes acmella. The leaves and flowers of the plant were collected and subjected for study of their chemical composites and antimicrobial activity of their extracts. The samples were given the code SALS1, SALS2 and SALS3 and SAFS1, SAFS2 and SAFS3 respectively for the extracts of leaves and flowers. The crude extracts of leaves and flowers were prepared by using various solvents like Petroleum ether, Ethanol and double distilled water. All the extracts were used to study their antimicrobial activity against gram positive bacteria eg. Bacillus subtilis, gram negative bacteria eg. E. coli and K. Pneumonia and anti-fungal activity against Aspergillus Niger. The chemical composition of leaves and flowers like Dry matter, Total ash, Ether extract, Crude fibre, nitrogen, Crude protein, Total carbohydrates, Nitrogen free extract and Organic matter were studied. The results of antimicrobial activity revealed that all the crude extract samples of leaves were found to possess antibacterial property. Maximum inhibition was shown by all the three samples against E. Coli and K. Pneumonia. However the maximum inhibition of growth of E. Coli and Bacillus subtilis was shown by SAFS1 and SAFS2 respectively. All the crude extracts of samples shown antifungal activity against Aspergillus Niger. The samples of leaves were found to be more effective than flowers against the fungal strains of Aspergillus Niger. In present study it has been concluded that the leaves may be used against the infectious diseases caused by E. Coli, K. Pneumonia and A. Niger as herbal medicine

Ministry of energy and petroleum in Kenya has a vital role in supporting the Kenya government‟s development agenda. Despite having records management systems in place, service delivery at the ministry of energy and petroleum has been poor and inefficient. This state has been brought about by inadequate records management systems. Badly managed records adversely affect development agenda. Development projects are often difficult to implement and sustain effectively and efficiently in the absence of well managed records. The aim of the study was to investigate the application of records management best practices to service delivery at the ministry of energy and petroleum, Kenya and to suggest strategies for improvement.

Abstract: Tonsillitis is one of the most widely conditions that recurrently affect children in all ages during the childhood. The overall management of tonsillitis is complicated in regard to causes, specific diagnosis and appropriate treatment measures. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the tonsillitis in children with particular stress on the diagnostic and treatment measure that are currently used to deal with pediatric tonsillitis. In conclusion, Bacteria is still the most causative agent with widely used antigen tests for confirmation. Tonsillectomy is still one of the most frequently performed surgical interventions in children.

Cultural artefacts refer to indigenous know-how, resources or potentials which are part of our cultural and artistic depositories used to satisfy our basic needs and wants. They protect cultural/artistic values and generate financial gains, which are all paramount for local development. Cultural artefacts therefore play an important role in local development. Nevertheless, the role, value and potentials of cultural artefacts in local development has yet been assessed, and is severely underrepresented in global development debates compared to, for instance, climate change or international terrorism. This study aims to critically assess the roles, values and potentials of cultural artefacts to local development in the city of Maroua, Far North Region of Cameroon and proposes recommendations towards achieving sustainable local development from indigenous know-how. Specifically, I conceive cultural artefacts as dual apparatus, on the one hand, positively contributing to local development, but on the other being adversely affected by a litany of problems in the very same process. To critically assess this process, data from case study, the published literature, field observations and interviews conducted among relevant actors (government ministries represented by regional delegations in the Far North Region, NGOs, CIGs, local council members, traditional authorities, quarter heads, and craftsmen and their intermediaries) as well as descriptive analyses of collected data were employed. The findings reveal that cultural artefacts in Maroua positively contribute to local development via providing a source of tourist attraction and ensuring cultural interchange between visitors and locals, employment creation and revenue generation, preservation and valorization of cultural diversity, creation of mediums of exchange/markets and emergence of cultural exhibition and animation centres. Conversely, they are being adversely affected in the very same process by the absence of handicraft school to train professional craftsmen, poor marketing/publicity system, ever increasing scarcity of raw materials, lack of access to credit facilities, absence of technical supervision and investment, problem of insecurity by Boko Haram terrorists, lack of basic facilities and amenities, and mistrust and misunderstanding amongst the craftsmen and their intermediaries. The aim of this study was to pave the way for novel approaches towards achieving sustainable local development from cultural artefacts in the current context of globalisation.

Present level of social media and its work driven approach has made a good platform in internet industry. Social media marketing has made good progress in relation to change and relative work model in varied social media sites with consideration importance to facts. Utilising social media for departmental development has made good progress relative to changing dynamics and other part of changing work atmosphere. Maintaining facts as per the relative to exposure of destinations evolved delivered model in tourism and other domestic and international count for countries to look further to 850 and 20million. States like Telangana in India has promoted things in information as a part of mission powerful process tourist hotspots encouraged things in presence of national tourism scenario. Present research paper is a case study on Telangana State Tourism Development Corporation’s initiatives taken for branding and positioning tourism in India and worldwide.