Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors worldwide with a high mortality, and still there are only few effective methods to treat it. To this end, alternative medicines from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) are being investigated for their ability to eliminate the tumor or halt its progression. A large number of studies have shown that TCM can be an effective approach to treat the HCC in clinical trials when used alone or in combination with other therapies. Thus, TCM has made significant progress, and has begun to gain worldwide popularity for promoting healthcare and HCC treatment. Because of this progress, periodic summaries are needed to facilitate further research for the use of TCM to treat HCC. This paper provides a comprehensive summary of this work with regard to the following aspects: herbalist views on the etiology and therapeutic principles for treatment of HCC, treating HCC by TCM alone, treating HCC with TCM in combination with resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and interventional therapy, and other therapies. Additionally, the current main problems and future application prospects for treatment of HCC by TCM described, which could provide scientific guidance for clinician as well as references for the treatment of other cancers

Information is a very important concept during an interaction between interlocutors within a particular health communicative context. In matters concerning individuals' health and other emotive issues, subjective information of any kind would provide sustaining knowledge to the seeker of knowledge. It is, therefore, of immense significance for people to have access to credible information that would satisfy their questions, curiosity and emerging problems of wellness. In Kenyan towns and villages, certain strategic street pathways are replete with Traditional Medicine advertisements by herbalists and witchdoctors. As a vehicle for promoting social modernization, the impact of utilizing advertising to promote trade in developing society remains a key subject. Although audiences are exposed to a number of advertisements, advertising may deceive either by increasing a consumer's false belief or by exploiting true beliefs in the ways designed to sell the product or offer services. This paper has interest in the discourse of advertisement of traditional medicine. Health issues have always been an important and emotive phenomenon in the lives of humans. Being in good health and able to go about one’s business without ill-health is a desire longed for by everyone. Hence, people become very much interested in matters touching on their health and the inherent rhetoric accompanying the offered ‘solutions’ as a means of persuasion. Are herbal medicine practitioners’ genuinely reaching out to fill the void possibly left out by modern medicine? Are these practitioners ably ‘treating’ all the ‘illnesses’ they advertise? These questions form the discourse matters sought in this paper.

Tuberculosis is a zoonotic and infectious granulomatous disease of virtually all vertebrates caused by the bacterial genus, Mycobacterium. Previous studies have shown that both humans and livestock like cattle, sheep and goat are susceptible to both Mycobacterium tuberculosis and Mycobacterium bovis. This retrospective study determined the prevalence of tuberculosis among these livestock slaughtered at Jos abattoir for human consumption between 2006 and 2012, which were potential sources of humans infections. It also determined the yearly and month-wise distribution of the prevalence of tuberculosis, and compared the prevalence among the study species. Seven-year abattoir entries were collated. All the prevalence were calculated using Microsoft Excel, and further subjected to Chi-square test for establishment of statistical significance using Graph-pad Prism. Lesions suggestive of tuberculosis were found in 5,726 (2.22%) animals (cattle: 5,504, sheep: 74, goat: 148) out of the 257,553 (cattle: 64,091, sheep: 72,004, goat: 121,458) slaughtered during the study period. Yearly prevalence was highest (4.21%) in 2011, and lowest (1.76%) in 2006. Month-wise prevalence for the study period was highest (3.24%) and lowest (1.37%) in November and April respectively. Prevalence in cattle, sheep and goat were 8.59%, 0.1% and 0.12% respectively. This study reported high prevalence of tuberculosis among livestock slaughtered for human consumption in the abattoir. We therefore recommend that the appropriate authorities should intensify efforts in public awareness on the dangers of consuming tuberculosis-infected meat, establish active surveillance network, and enforce active and thorough meat inspection

The main concern on this study is HOS Cokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan’s thoughts on the Islamic education. The result of this study is expected to be an alternative solution to solve the problems of the nation's education through the idea of HOS Tjokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan. This research is a library research used descriptive analysis, by which the object of the study is the thought of HOS Tjokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan on Islamic Education. The data used were taken from the works of the respective figures and expert opinion in such matters. In the thought of HOS Cokroaminoto, Islamic Education does not teach only aqal intelligence, but must also inculcate the Islamic principles. In one hand, KH. Ahmad Dahlan asserts that Islamic education should be based on a solid foundation; the Qur'an and Sunnah. This foundation is a philosophical framework in formulating the concept and ideals of Islamic education, both vertically and horizontally. The Islamic educational thought owned by HOSTjokroaminoto and KH. Ahmad Dahlan have similarities in terms of the foundation and the difference in the objectives, whereas the first is more directed at the education that led to the independence of the Muslims; while the second leads to the integralization of religious sciences and general sciences.The similarities and differences of HOS Tjokroaminoto and KH.AhmadDahlan’s thoughts on Islamic education can be seen from three aspects; the basic principles of Islamic education, curriculum and teaching methods.

Many ocular inflammatory and proliferative diseases require long-term pharmacological intervention/treatment. However, delivery of drugs in therapeutic levels to the back of the eye is challenging using conventional topical application, due to the poor efficacy. Systemic injections of drugs pose severe adverse effects. Direct injection into the eye may need surgical intervention. In the recent years, small size microneedles are fabricated to insert into various ocular tissues depending upon the complexity and state of disease to be treated. Microneedles are capable of delivering drugs through cornea or sclera in a minimally invasive way. There are few reports that large molecules, proteins, vaccines could be delivered into eye using microneedles. Drug delivery to the posterior segment of the eye is a significantly challenging task due to the various ocular barriers and precorneal factors. In this review, the targeted drug delivery to the ocular tissues via minimally invasive approach is discussed

The purpose of this study is to search for more affordable as well as effective natural excipients that can be used as viable alternative for the formulation of pharmaceutical suspension. The suspending properties of mucilage of Colocasia esculenta were evaluated comparatively with those of compound tragacanth and acacia in Paracetamol suspension. Characterization tests were carried out on Colocasia esculenta mucilage. Sedimentation volume, rheology, pH, degree of flocculation and redispersibility were the evaluation parameters. The values obtained were used as basis for comparison of the suspending agents studied. Colocasia esculenta mucilage showed comparable suspending ability as acacia and compound tragacanth although Colocasia esculenta mucilage was found to be less viscous than acacia and compound tragacanth. Also, the redispersibility of the materials was found to be in the order: Colocasia esculenta mucilage > Acacia > Compound Tragacanth. The Study indicates that Colocasia esculenta mucilage may be useful as a pharmaceutical adjuvant and as a suspending agent

Sri Lanka is a diverse country and is home to many religions, ethnicities, and languages. Sinhala-Buddhists are the predominant ethnic group in this country, constituting 70.19% of the total population, with the Muslims being the second largest minority. There are a wealth of records in history that prove the cordial relationship between Buddhists and Muslims in the past. However, the aftermath of civil war (1983-2009) caused tension to brew between these two groups. This is because of recent hate campaigns undertaken by a number of Buddhist Nationalist Groups (BNGs) through instigation of Buddhism or Sinhalese nationalism among Buddhists adherents. These groups have been actively protesting against the Muslim social, cultural, and religious practices and behaviours, such as the issuing of Halal certification, slaughtering of animals for food, conducting of prayer services, maintaining worship places, etc. They have also disseminated misinterpretations about Muslims and their religion, Islam, spreading derogatory speeches among the Buddhists. Given the above background, this paper has attempted to determine the impacts of recent campaigns on the traditional relationship between Buddhists and Muslims via an analysis of Buddhist and Muslim point of views. According to the Buddhists, the recent attempts instigated by Buddhist Nationalist Groups have not impacted their relationship with the Muslims in any way and that they still habitually maintain a cordial relationship with said community. Even the Muslims feel as strongly in terms of keeping a cordial relationship with the Buddhists. However, according to their point of view, these hate campaigns could potentially ruin their already harmonious relationship with the Buddhists, turning it into a conflicting relationship instead. Therefore, both the Buddhist and Muslim communities in Sri Lanka plan to be more vigilant against these harmful campaigns.

The research paper looked at Capacity Building Programme Needs for School Administrators in Secondary Schools in Cross River State, Nigeria. The purpose of the study was ascertained the relevance of capacity building programmes to secondary school administrators in Cross River State, Nigeria. Descriptive survey design was adopted for the study. The study was guided by two research questions. The population of the study comprised of 234 principals in Secondary schools in Ikom Education Zone, Cross State, Nigeria with a sample of 150 respondents. The instrument for data collection was a researcher‟s structured questionnaire titled “Capacity building programme needs for school administrators (CBPNSA)” was used to elicit information from the respondents. The instrument consisted of 20 items developed by the researcher. Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions. The study found out that government incentives help in motivating administrators to ensure participation in capacity building programmes for effective school administration.

Cornelia De Lange Syndrome is a rare syndrome with multiple congenital abnormalities, characteristic facial appearance, prenatal and postnatal growth delay, behavioral changes and numerous gastrointestinal manifestations, out of which gastroesophagial reflux disease (GERD) contributes to high degree of disease burden. The syndrome rarely persists into adulthood. Though isolated diagnosis of GERD in a young adult in a general medical ward is a common encounter, arriving at a syndromic diagnosis considering the detailed history, clinical features and endoscopic evidence of severe reflux oesophagitis, in a 26 year old male who presented with recurrent bouts of haemetemesis, highlights the importance of pattern recognition; an important tool in clinical diagnosis even in modern day practice

FIB-4 Score is a simple formula to predict liver fibrosis based on the standard biochemical / hematological values i.e. AST, ALT, Platelet count and age. The Score lower than 1.45 has a Negative Predictive Value (NPV) of 95% for significant fibrosis i.e. F3-F4 while, a Score of greater than 3.25 has a PPV of 80% for advance fibrosis i.e. F3-F4. So an improvement of FIB-4 Score is a possible indicator of change in liver fibrosis. The objective is to observe the disparity in paired FIB-04 Score in hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon and ribavirin at the beginning of the treatment and at the end of treatment evaluation (ETR). An observational study was carried out in patients with mono-infected, compensated CHC patients ,treated with Pegylated Interferon & Ribavirin for 24weeks to 48 weeks (according to genotype)in a tertiary care hospital (i.e. Baqai Medical University Hospital Nazimabad) from Jan 2010 to March 2015 in a paired manner i.e. before (at beginning) and at the End of treatment evaluation (ETR). Responses were analyzed by using ‘Wilcoxon signed rank test. SPSS 23.00 version was used to analyze data. Fifty eight patients diagnosed with hepatitis C took part in the study out of which 24 were males (41.4%) with mean age 38.8 (22y-60y) and 34 were females (58.6%) with mean age 43.6 (31y-60y). Out of 58 participants, 8 patients were type 1 genotype, 48 patients were type 3 genotype and 1 was type 4. Genotype of 1 participant was not recorded. According to result evaluated, there is a statically significant decrease in FIB04 score from beginning of treatment (M=2.52, SD=1.35) to ETR (M=1.74, SD=1.37) justifying that there is a definite positive change in FIB-04 score (i.e. improvement in fibrosis). Distinct positive change in FIB-4 Score was observed in Chronic Hepatitis C patients treated with pegylated interferon/ribavirin at the end of treatment

The study was carried out to determine the prevalence of prostatic disorders in a large population of dogs in Jos, Plateau State. Medical records from 2 major veterinary hospitals were retrieved. A total of 38,201 cases in male dogs were presented to the small animal units of the hospitals from 1st January 2011 to 31st December 2016, out of which a total of 2 (0.01%) were found to be prostatic disorders. These prostatic disorders were benign prostatic hyperplasia 1(50%) and prostatic carcinoma 1(50%). The study revealed a prevalence of 0.01% of prostatic disorders observed in intact male dogs of ages 2years and 3years. Based on breeds of dog affected by these disorders, the German shepherd and Mongrel were the predisposing breeds. In conclusion, it is either those prostatic diseases are rare in dogs in Jos or the conditions are misdiagnosed

Abstract: Wet direct-seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an attractive alternative to transplanted rice, as it saves the drudgery of raising seedlings and transplanting, reducing labor and cost of cultivation. As direct-seeded rice stays in the field for a longer duration than transplanted rice so weed control remains one of the major challenges for its success. A field experiment was conducted at Bangladesh Rice Research Institute, Bangladesh during Boro season of 2013-14, to evaluate effectiveness of different weed management practices; weedy, hand weeding and other practices with pre and post-emergence herbicides; Bensulfuran methyl + Acetachlor and Pyrazosulfuran ethyl on the performance of direct-seeded rice. Results showed that yield and yield attributing parameters and weed dynamics were significantly affected and the trend of higher production and lower weed dynamic in different growing stage of direct-seeded rice was obtained. Irrespective of weed management options, hand weeding (5.21 t ha-1), pre with post emergence herbicide (5.15 t ha-1), post emergence herbicide with one supplement hand weeding (5.02 t ha-1) and pre emergence herbicide with one supplement hand weeding (4.95 t ha-1) produced significantly higher yield, while lowest yield was recorded in control plots (3.54 t ha-1).

Gastroretentive systems can remain in the gastric region for several hours and hence significantly prolong the gastric residence time of drugs. Prolonged gastric retention improves bioavailability, reduces drug waste, and improves solubility for drugs that are less soluble in a high pH environment. The present work describes the formulation and evaluation of gastroretentive system of an antiretroviral agent, Stavudine, based on the concept of altered density. Emulsion gelation technique was used to prepare the floating microcarriers using sodium alginate as the polymer. Microcarriers containing oil was prepared by gently mixing and homogenizing oil and water phase containing sodium alginate which was then extruded into calcium chloride solution. The prepared microcarriers were evaluated for drug entrapment efficiency, particle size and shape, micrometric properties, buoyancy and in-vitro drug release studies. The results of FTIR spectroscopy showed stable character of Stavudine. The mean particle size of microcarriers was in the range of 0.59-1.25mm. Microcarriers were spherical and free flowing. The drug entrapment efficiency was found to be 44.6-69.1%. The microcarriers remained buoyant for more than about 12h. The drug release study showed that Stavudine from the microcarriers was prolonged more than 10hrs. The results demonstrate that the amount of the oil entrapped in each microcarrier is play role in particle size entrapment efficiency and in vitro drug release

Abstract: Islam as a religion is based on knowledge acquisition recognizes the importance of recordkeeping and management, which is signified in the first five verses of the Holy book of Islam, the Qur’an. This paper overviews the origin of recordkeeping and management in Islam. It highlights the purposes of recordkeeping and management in Islam, as well as the challenges faced in recordkeeping and management in the era of Information and Communication Technologies. It concludes by offering some suggestions on improving recordkeeping and management in Islam.

Work environment and engagement has great importance regarding organizational commitment. Now a day’s nurses are stressed and burdened due to poor working environment and less engagement. Organizational commitment means loyalty or commitment of an employee to his or her organization. Thus, the current study aims to assess the effects of work environment and engagement on nurse’s organizational commitment in public hospitals Lahore, Pakistan. Cross-sectional study design was used in this study. Self-administered questionnaire distributed to 200 nurses through convenient random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data while regression analysis was used to test the hypothesis. Finding of the current study reveals the significant positive relationship between work environment and nurse’s organizational commitment or between engagement and nurse’s organizational commitment