Abstract: In the present paper, we introduce the notion of generalized (σ, τ)-i-nderivation in near-ring N and investigate a property involving generalized (σ, τ)-i-n-derivation of a prime near-ring N, which forces N to be a commutative ring. Additive commutativity of a prime near-ring N satisfying certain identities involving generalized (σ, τ)-i-n-derivation has also been obtained.

Abstract: The objective of this paper is to discuss the types of ethnic stereotypes and their role in fuelling ethnic conflicts at Langas estate in Eldoret Township. Ethnographically inspired qualitative research design was adopted for the study. The Relevance theory propagated by Daniel Sperber and Deidre Wilson (1986/95) was used in this study. The following research instruments: structured and semi-structured questionnaires, open-ended questionnaires, oral face-to-face interviews and observation schedules were used for data generation. There was a purposive sample of five clusters of ethnic group concentrations from which a random sample of twenty respondents, four from each group were chosen from a diverse population of the majority and minority communities living at Langas estate in Eldoret Township. The population is estimated to be one hundred and five thousand, one hundred and twenty five (105, 125) people – comprising the Kalenjin, Kikuyu, Luhya, Luo and Kisii communities. Each cohort of respondents was be randomly drawn from the local secondary schools, churches, local leadership, hospitals, administration, Jua Kali industry, hawkers, idlers and public transport. This study’s findings showed that there are three main types of stereotypes by one community against another community in Eldoret Township, namely; tribal, gender and cultural stereotypes. It is hoped that the results of this study will benefit; researchers in applied linguistics, social psychologists, political scientists, policy makers and the public.

Abstract: Necrotizing fasciitis infection (NFE) is a disease characterized by the rapid spread of necrosis of soft tissues and fascias and can be mortal if not properly treated. Predisposing factors include immunosuppressive factors such as diabetes mellitus, alcoholism, liver cirrhosis, hypertension, chronic renal failure and malignancy. Necrotizing fasciitis is rarely localized in the head and neck region. In this study; we presented a case of necrotizing fasciitis in neck region, which we had followed in our clinic with predisposing factors of diabetes and chronic renal failure.

Abstract: The present study describes the ten attested signs of the Cretan Protolinear script which render disyllabic phonetic values, unlike the monosyllabic ones of the Consonant-Vowel type, which is the common phonetic pattern for the rest of the signs. The Cretan Protolinear script has been proposed as the script that all the Aegean scripts of Bronze Age evolved from. The linguistic affinity of these disyllabic signs to the Sumerian language is demonstrated, in terms of lexicographic reference, phonetic correspondence and pictographic resemblance. In addition, the description of these signs’ phonetic features is accompanied by valuable cultural information, wherever available.

Abstract: This paper highlights the pragmabehavioral errors in English used by Kimeru L1 secondary school students. The study proceeded on the premise that pragmatic competence of Kimeru L1 learners of L2 English was previously unknown prior to this study because of lack of in-depth research in this area. Using a descriptive research design and a sample of ninety respondents the researchers isolated errors in apology as well as request and permission making and documented the seriousness of these errors. The main objectives of the study were to examine pragmabehavioral errors, their effects and causes and possible areas of intervention. The study was guided mainly by Murcia’s [1] Model of pragmatic competence. The sample was drawn from three selected CDF secondary schools in Meru Central Sub-county, Meru County. The main instruments of data collection were: a discourse completion test, a classroom debate, observation schedule, and a teacher questionnaire. Results indicate that kinesics, proxemics and voice modulation errors are grave among the subjects. These results are hoped to immensely benefit second language pedagogy, education policy makers, teachers and learners of English.

Abstract: Regular blood donation has been reported to lower coronary heart disease risk by improving lipid profiles in past studies. Traditionally, lipid profile estimation assesses an individual’s risk of developing coronary heart disease. This study sought to determine coronary heart disease risk profiles in blood donors, using lipids and to compare risk profiles of first time donors and active donors. Eighty-eight participants were enrolled into the study, 37 (42%) were regular blood donors. Regular blood donors were generally older than first time donors and there was significant difference in LDL levels between the two groups. Differences in both mean age and mean LDL levels of regular blood donors and first time donors could increase risk of coronary heart disease in regular blood donors. Surprisingly, this study was in contrast to earlier studies which reported a decrease in coronary heart disease risk in blood donors and this requires further inquiry.

Abstract: Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) have been shown to increase appreciably during pregnancy to meet maternal and fetal metabolic demands. However, this may expose the body to dangers of atherosclerotic plaques. The current study was a transversal study of 99 healthy pregnant women attending the Parirenyatwa Antenatal Clinic and Labour Ward in Zimbabwe and 24 age-matched, healthy, non-pregnant women as controls. Serum samples were collected for estimation of lipids: TC, LDL and HDL were measured and TC/HDL ratio was calculated. According to this Zimbabwean study, normal pregnant women were found to have significant increase in TC, LDL and HDL when compared with normal non-pregnant control group (P<0.001). TC/HDL changed with age of gestation but remained within the normal range. The study concludes that normal pregnancy does not predispose pregnant women to atherogenic lipid profiles most likely due to corresponding increase in HDL that appreciatively lowered TC/HDL ratio during gestation in our setting.

Abstract: The organization of social services for the older adults needs a strong leadership and great societal responsibility. One can readily see both of them while looking the building of our civilization throughout the history. In particular, we see how Sultan Abdülhamid II provided social services to older adults in this area without delay even in the falling period of the Ottoman Empire. For instance, he showed how we were not behind the West in this field by building the Darülaceze Institution which is still active in 1895. That is why the leadership of Sultan Abdülhamid II is an important area to study the organization of social services. In this study, the parameters of leadership of Sultan Abdülhamid II are going to be examined in addition to looking how his gracious sensibility was developed historically. We all know he is a leader in realizing a vision, solving aging issue, having supernatural merits/skills and ability of critical-analytical thinking. For instance, the building of Darülaceze Institution’s model is a result of all of them. That is because he was able to show himself as a mission man by making all his subjects build a consensus on his vision.

Abstract: The term colonialism although oriental in origin but upon deeper reflection it would be discovered that it has profound hermeneutic connotation. This may afford a researcher the opportunity of delving into the vast ocean of Qur’anic dictum with a view to obtaining the divine notion of this phenomenon. The Qur’an has declared that nothing has been neglected in the Qur’an and that mankind is being bestowed with only a very meagre amount of knowledge. Obviously, all knowledge resides with Allah Al-Mighty Who according to Qur’anic attestation is the One who encompasses everything in knowledge. He Al-Mighty has exquisitely depicted this matter in an abstract but remote sense. In the Qur’anic account the Al-Mighty wishes to inform His servants through the words of “Bilqees” the highest princes of Sheba who was having an altercation with the chiefs of her formidable army, she admitted that the convention of the earthly kings was that when they come across a thriving nation they would devastate it, suppress and trample upon the noble folk of that community, and then appoint the plebeians as leaders thereby creating a perennial consternation in that society. This is their grand scheme so that they would be reaping the benefit of disharmony, hence this would create a fertile ground for them to maintain that community as their colony, even though what is propagated to the world is that colonialism has for long been abolished.

Abstract: Education is nationally and internationally recognized as one of the most important ways and means for promoting economic development. Here arises a question on what type of education to be imparted for the national development in terms of primary, secondary and tertiary education. Knowledge-based challenge within a globalized economy is accelerating a fresh consideration of the role of higher education in economic development and its expansion. In the past, it was seen that the higher education was very much costly and at the same time, it was really inefficient public service which could only benefit the wealthy and privileged class. Importance of education has now been realized to be successful in the field of economic development. A short look upon some recent research findings indicates that higher education is a determinant of increasing income. Additionally, the higher education may create awareness about how to increase tax revenue, boosts savings and investment, improve a nation’s health, contribute to reducing the rate of population growth and enhance the adoption of technology in order to strengthen the governance. Colleges and Universities have an important role to play in regional and national economic development efforts through producing quality graduates. Undoubtedly, the higher education and economic development complement to each other. To gain national economic development, colleges and universities must be the key partners throughout the development process of the country.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a non-monotone adaptive trust region algorithm based on conic model for solving unconstrained optimization problems. Unlike the traditional non-monotone trust-region method, our proposed algorithm avoids resolving the sub-problem whenever a trial step is rejected. Instead, it performs a non-monotone Armijo-type line search in direction of the rejected trial step to construct a new point. The algorithm can be regarded as a combination of non-monotone, line search and conic trust region method. Theoretical analysis indicates that the new approach preserves the global convergence to the first-order critical points under classical assumptions.

Estimating a company’s sustainable profitability is a big challenge to investors. A profitable company yielding a steady revenue stream with modest capital expenditure has the ability to compound shareholder wealth at an attractive rate over time. Even though many studies have been conducted, most companies strive to provide competitive returns. The golden path of being profitable has not yet been revealed. Selected 15 Sensex Companies standing as leading players are expected to provide considerable support to empower the efforts of the Indian Government. On this backdrop, the present study aims at focussing and assessing the efficacy of the performance of the selected Sensex Companies with the help of the most appropriate accounting-based measure of profitability i.e. Return On Capital Employed (ROCE) from 2012 to 2017. The empirical study reveals that companies have not been able to increase revenue and ROCE simultaneously and they are not also compatible in comparison with the global capital market.

Abstract: Medicinal herbs are moving from fringe to mainstream use with a greater number of people seeking for remedies and health approaches from side effects caused by synthetic chemicals. This has aggravated the search for antimicrobials from plants sources. Therefore, this study was aimed at investigating the efficacy of aqueous extract of Moringa oleifera leaves against some clinical isolates (Escherichia coli, Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa). The study was carried out between January and June, 2014. The Moringa oleifera leaves sample were collected from the Kebbi State University of Science and Technology Aliero Orchard and screened for antimicrobial activity against the isolates using agar well diffusion assay, and preliminary phytochemical analysis were also conducted using standard procedures. Concentrations of the extract used were 30mg, 60mg, 90mg and120mg. The extract demonstrated the highest activity at 120mg, with the zone of inhibition of 28.5mm, 25.5mm and 24.0mm on Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa respectively. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening revealed the presence of Saponins, Tannins, Flavonoids, Glycosides and Alkaloids. The antibacterial assay results portrayed broad spectrum activity of Moringa oleifera leaf extract against the test organisms with the comparable inhibitory zones by standard antibiotic (Ciprofloxacin). In conclusion the results from these findings have shown the antibacterial potentials of Moringa oleifera leaf extract implying that the extract could help as a chemotherapeutic agent or might be a lead compound for the development of new potent antibacterial agents.

L-ornithine (L-Orn), is an intermediate metabolite in the urea cycle that plays an important role in the human beings and is used for the treatment of the liver diseases etc. Based on these versatile advantages, L-Orn is widely applied in the health care and pharmaceutical industries. In this study, l-arginase from Idiomarina sediminium was immobilized onto chitosan-hydroxyapatite. Effects of immobilization parameters including medium temperature and pH, enzyme concentration and coupling time was evaluated to obtain the best reaction conditions. The optimal immobilization pH was determined as pH 7.5 with the highest enzyme activity of 101.24 U chitosan-HAP beads and highest immobilization efficiency of 81.4%. Furthermore, the immobilized protein amount showed an increase with increasing enzyme concentration as expected. Characterization of immobilized enzyme was evaluated using l-arginine as a substrate. Immobilized enzyme exhibited better thermostability and higher stability at lower and higher pH values. Immobilization also resulted in a shift of 0.5 units in pH optimum for maximum enzyme activity. In contrast to optimum pH value, after immobilization no shift occurred in optimum temperature. Furthermore enzyme retained 81.8% of its initial activity during consecutive eight cycles. The results suggests that chitosan-HAP immobilized l-arginase can be employed on the large scale for industrial production of l-ornithine

Every Society has her value system they cherish and these systems of norms and behavioural regulation must be strictly adhere and transmitted for the purpose of progressive and continuity of the society. Socialization is a complex process by which everybody or individual come together to learn and perform an attitude expected of them by the society. As societies become more sophisticated and diversified, some certain societal roles are assigned for a specialized body. The school system is one of such specialized body assign for a specific function which she carries through various subject areas of which Physical Education is one of them. The school must therefore be encouraged and supported to perform this task of socialization.