Abstract: Serum concentrations of total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein (HDL), low density lipoprotein (LDL) have been shown to increase appreciably during pregnancy to meet maternal and fetal metabolic demands. However, this may expose the body to dangers of atherosclerotic plaques. The current study was a transversal study of 99 healthy pregnant women attending the Parirenyatwa Antenatal Clinic and Labour Ward in Zimbabwe and 24 age-matched, healthy, non-pregnant women as controls. Serum samples were collected for estimation of lipids: TC, LDL and HDL were measured and TC/HDL ratio was calculated. According to this Zimbabwean study, normal pregnant women were found to have significant increase in TC, LDL and HDL when compared with normal non-pregnant control group (P<0.001). TC/HDL changed with age of gestation but remained within the normal range. The study concludes that normal pregnancy does not predispose pregnant women to atherogenic lipid profiles most likely due to corresponding increase in HDL that appreciatively lowered TC/HDL ratio during gestation in our setting.

Abstract: This paper highlights the pragmabehavioral errors in English used by Kimeru L1 secondary school students. The study proceeded on the premise that pragmatic competence of Kimeru L1 learners of L2 English was previously unknown prior to this study because of lack of in-depth research in this area. Using a descriptive research design and a sample of ninety respondents the researchers isolated errors in apology as well as request and permission making and documented the seriousness of these errors. The main objectives of the study were to examine pragmabehavioral errors, their effects and causes and possible areas of intervention. The study was guided mainly by Murcia’s [1] Model of pragmatic competence. The sample was drawn from three selected CDF secondary schools in Meru Central Sub-county, Meru County. The main instruments of data collection were: a discourse completion test, a classroom debate, observation schedule, and a teacher questionnaire. Results indicate that kinesics, proxemics and voice modulation errors are grave among the subjects. These results are hoped to immensely benefit second language pedagogy, education policy makers, teachers and learners of English.

Abstract: Regular blood donation has been reported to lower coronary heart disease risk by improving lipid profiles in past studies. Traditionally, lipid profile estimation assesses an individual’s risk of developing coronary heart disease. This study sought to determine coronary heart disease risk profiles in blood donors, using lipids and to compare risk profiles of first time donors and active donors. Eighty-eight participants were enrolled into the study, 37 (42%) were regular blood donors. Regular blood donors were generally older than first time donors and there was significant difference in LDL levels between the two groups. Differences in both mean age and mean LDL levels of regular blood donors and first time donors could increase risk of coronary heart disease in regular blood donors. Surprisingly, this study was in contrast to earlier studies which reported a decrease in coronary heart disease risk in blood donors and this requires further inquiry.

Abstract: The organization of social services for the older adults needs a strong leadership and great societal responsibility. One can readily see both of them while looking the building of our civilization throughout the history. In particular, we see how Sultan Abdülhamid II provided social services to older adults in this area without delay even in the falling period of the Ottoman Empire. For instance, he showed how we were not behind the West in this field by building the Darülaceze Institution which is still active in 1895. That is why the leadership of Sultan Abdülhamid II is an important area to study the organization of social services. In this study, the parameters of leadership of Sultan Abdülhamid II are going to be examined in addition to looking how his gracious sensibility was developed historically. We all know he is a leader in realizing a vision, solving aging issue, having supernatural merits/skills and ability of critical-analytical thinking. For instance, the building of Darülaceze Institution’s model is a result of all of them. That is because he was able to show himself as a mission man by making all his subjects build a consensus on his vision.

Abstract: The term colonialism although oriental in origin but upon deeper reflection it would be discovered that it has profound hermeneutic connotation. This may afford a researcher the opportunity of delving into the vast ocean of Qur’anic dictum with a view to obtaining the divine notion of this phenomenon. The Qur’an has declared that nothing has been neglected in the Qur’an and that mankind is being bestowed with only a very meagre amount of knowledge. Obviously, all knowledge resides with Allah Al-Mighty Who according to Qur’anic attestation is the One who encompasses everything in knowledge. He Al-Mighty has exquisitely depicted this matter in an abstract but remote sense. In the Qur’anic account the Al-Mighty wishes to inform His servants through the words of “Bilqees” the highest princes of Sheba who was having an altercation with the chiefs of her formidable army, she admitted that the convention of the earthly kings was that when they come across a thriving nation they would devastate it, suppress and trample upon the noble folk of that community, and then appoint the plebeians as leaders thereby creating a perennial consternation in that society. This is their grand scheme so that they would be reaping the benefit of disharmony, hence this would create a fertile ground for them to maintain that community as their colony, even though what is propagated to the world is that colonialism has for long been abolished.

Abstract: Education is nationally and internationally recognized as one of the most important ways and means for promoting economic development. Here arises a question on what type of education to be imparted for the national development in terms of primary, secondary and tertiary education. Knowledge-based challenge within a globalized economy is accelerating a fresh consideration of the role of higher education in economic development and its expansion. In the past, it was seen that the higher education was very much costly and at the same time, it was really inefficient public service which could only benefit the wealthy and privileged class. Importance of education has now been realized to be successful in the field of economic development. A short look upon some recent research findings indicates that higher education is a determinant of increasing income. Additionally, the higher education may create awareness about how to increase tax revenue, boosts savings and investment, improve a nation’s health, contribute to reducing the rate of population growth and enhance the adoption of technology in order to strengthen the governance. Colleges and Universities have an important role to play in regional and national economic development efforts through producing quality graduates. Undoubtedly, the higher education and economic development complement to each other. To gain national economic development, colleges and universities must be the key partners throughout the development process of the country.

Abstract: In this paper, we propose a non-monotone adaptive trust region algorithm based on conic model for solving unconstrained optimization problems. Unlike the traditional non-monotone trust-region method, our proposed algorithm avoids resolving the sub-problem whenever a trial step is rejected. Instead, it performs a non-monotone Armijo-type line search in direction of the rejected trial step to construct a new point. The algorithm can be regarded as a combination of non-monotone, line search and conic trust region method. Theoretical analysis indicates that the new approach preserves the global convergence to the first-order critical points under classical assumptions.

This study aimed to analyze the effect on the performance of competence advocate partially advocate, advocate organizational commitment to advocate partial performance and competence of lawyers and advocates simultaneous organizational commitment. The population of this research is Law Firm that exist in all Jabodetabek area. While the sample is 25 percent of the existing Law Firm, then obtained 123 Law Firms. In general, there are 2 divisions of Legal Firm namely division of litigation and non litigation division. Thus obtained the number of units observed are as follows: 2 x 123 = 246 units. Method of quantitative analysis using path analysis, followed by analysis of determination (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (test F) with alpha 5 percent (0.05). Prior to further analysis, data quality and classical assumption test were conducted. Analytical tool using SPSS version 23.0 for windows. The results showed that the effect on the performance competence advocate partially advocate, advocate organizational commitment affect the performance partially advocates, and advocates competence and organizational influence on the performance kmitmen simultaneously advocate at law firm Law Firm in Greater Jakarta.

Odontogenic keratocyst (OKC) characterized by a single lesion, with greater frequency in the mandibular jaw. The diagnostic approach is based on a combined analysis of the medical history, the clinical appearance and the radiographic appearance. The diagnosis may be confirmed by the anatomical pathology report. Finally, treatment consists of surgical excision and follow up is characterized by a high rate of recurrence. The authors report an unusal case of OKC of the upper jaw and review the various diagnoses and therapeutics.

Kinetic properties and stability studies of pepper chitosanase immobilized on chitin by covalent bond for production of chitooligosaccharides was the main objective of this work. A comparison with the properties that shown by the free one was also carried out. Maximum enzyme activity was observed at 2.825 and 0.576 mg chitosan /reaction mixture for free chitosanase (FC) and immobilized chitosanase (IC), respectively. They followed Michaelis-Menten Kinetics. The values of the Michaelis-Menten constant indicated that IC exhibited higher affinity toward chitosan than that of the free one. Km value was 35.71 mg/reaction mixture for the IC and 17.86 mg/reaction mixture for the free one. The maximum velocities (Vmax) were 12.5 and 47.62 U/mg for IC and FC, respectively. The optimum pH of IC was slightly shifted to acidic range (pH 5.6) from 5.8, which is the optimum for free one. IC exhibited high activity at wide range of temperature from 40 to 60ºC with optimum at 55ºC, while high activity of FC was found at range from 40 to 55ºC with optimum at 45ºC. The thermal and operational stabilities of both free and immobilized chitosanase were also evaluated. Results showed that the immobilization enhanced the enzyme stability. IC showed better thermal stability than the free one. It lost 5-10 % of its original activity after heating at 50oC for 1h, while FC lost 35 % after the same treatment. IC also lost 58% of its original activity after heating at 60oC for 1h, while free one lost 80 % after the same treatment. Results showed 22% rate of hydrolysis after 1 h and reached about 24 and 30 % after 2 and 24 h of hydrolysis. The end product of chitosan hydrolysis by the IC showed N-acetyl glucosamine and mixture of DP 2-6 oligomers. This improvement of the IC properties made it a potential candidate for future use in industrial application especially in chitooligosaccharides production

The aim of this study is to identify the most informative cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) markers in the diagnosis of active neurosyphilis and in surveillance during antibiotic treatment. It is about a retrospective, analytical, epidemiological study over a period of 10 years, from 1 January 2006 to 31 December 2016 conducted in the laboratory of microbiology of CHU HASSAN II of Fez. We have identified 30 cases of neurosyphilis over a 10-year period. All patients were HIV negative. We realised: on the CSF, a cytochemical examination, white and red blood cell count, a total protein and glucose levels. On CSF and serum, VDRL and TPHA tests for the detection of specific antibodies. The CSF study showed 6 cases (20%) of meningitis with cytology varying between 20 and 890 cells / ml predominantly lymphocytic. 40% of cases had hyper-proteinuria with extremes 0.2 and 4.3 g / l, glycorachia was normal in all cases. The initial titration of VDRL and TPHA was positive in 18 (60%) and 22 (74%) in the CSF, respectively, and 20 (67%) and 26 (87%) in the serum. An accurate and simple approach to the diagnosis of neurosyphilis remains elusive and the diagnosis continues to require a thorough assessment of the patient, including exposure to the risk, presence of compatible clinical signs and symptoms, and laboratory. While direct tests (such as microscopy or PCR) are useful in early infection, serological testing remains the mainstay of the diagnosis of neurosyphilis.

The article analyzes that properly managed complaints can provide a strong link between users and the organization. So, if companies are seeking consumer loyalty, they must look at complaints as a strategic tool, not as the proof of their mistakes. Complaints are a feedback system that can help organizations quickly and easily run away, which is currently relevant to each business, change its product, service style, and marketing goals. If a user is successfully addressed after the problem is addressed, it is usually not possible to make formal complaints. So, one of the best ways to find out what the user wants is what his expectations are to hear his complaints, and one of the most reliable ways to improve personal relationships is to draw attention when someone feels depressed for us and responds accordingly in order to resolve the conflict. However, most customers are dissatisfied with how companies react and deal with customer complaints, although they are well aware that this is very important.

Marine organisms are potential sources of unique natural products with pharmacological and biological activities. In mariculture, diseases of microbial origin can cause huge economic losses worldwide. The evolution of microorganism resistance to antibiotics has resulted in a growing need for new antibacterial compounds that are effective in veterinary medicine and characterized by limited undesirable side effects. Increased attention has recently been turned to plants as a promising source for metabolites with antimicrobial activity. Achyranthes aspera is one such important plant with various established pharmacological properties. The aim of the present study was to assess the antibacterial activity of the Achyranthes aspera extract against Vibrio alginolyticus 1374. Aqueous extract of Achyranthes aspera was prepared. Different concentrations of the root and stem extracts of Achyranthes aspera were transferred to the agar plates, which had been streaked with the bacterium Vibrio alginolyticus; 1374. The plates were incubated aerobically at 37°C for 24 h and the zones of inhibition were measured using well diffusion method. Achyranthes aspera extract showed significant zones of inhibition. Achyranthes aspera showed marked antibacterial activity against Vibrio alginolyticus 1374.

This study investigated the prevalence of Canine Distemper (CD) Antigen in dogs in three major clinics in Northern part of Plateau State. A total of 150 blood samples were and sera were used to test for CD Antigen using Rapid CDV Ag Test Kit which is a chromatographic immunoassay for qualitative detection of Canine Distemper Virus (CDV) antigen. Associations between factors were analyzed using Chi square at 95% confidence interval. A prevalence of 45.33% was recorded. There was significant difference in relation to age, breed and vaccination status (P<0.05) but no significant difference in relation to sex and location. The result of the study established the presence of CDV infection in the study area incriminating age and breed as the risk factors. Therefore, there is need for establishment of adequate control measures especially through vaccinations and sero-monitoring of the vaccinated animals in the area using rapid CDV test kits.

Antimicrobial resistance became a growing public health problem in the world and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are one of the five types of pathologies which special care should be given. Staphylococcus aureus appear the most prevalent bacteria encountered causing infections in male urethral discharge (MUD) at Cotonou in Benin. It prevalence and it resistance to antibiotics were evaluated. This paper aims to describe the bacterial profile and antimicrobial susceptibility of S aureus strains isolated from MUD specimens at the National Laboratory (NL) of Heath Ministry. A retrospective study included 81 men at Cotonou suspected MUD during 1st January 2004 and 31st December 2015. MUD swabs were collected and analyzed to identify the bacteria by standard biochemical reactions, screening of trichomonads and detection of intracellular Gram-negative diplococci within phagocytes. The three main pathogens encountered among 81 MUD were Staphylococcus aureus (30/81; 37.04%), Staphylococcus spp (19/81; 23.46%) and Staphylococcus dore (12/81; 14.81%). S aureus susceptibility ranged from 60- 80% for minocyclin, lincomycin, chloramphenicol and gentamycin. But resistance was observed to ofloxacin, kanamycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, oxacillin, ceftriaxon, tetracyclin, trimethoprim+Sulfonamides and ampicillin between 59-100%. Conclusion: This study highlights the importance of routine susceptibility tests to antibiotics in the treatment of S aureus responsible of MUD in Benin.