The object of this research at PT. Bank Mandiri (Persero) unit Jakarta Bintaro Jaya 1 is a branch under the coordination of Regional V Jakarta 3 area of beautiful cottage Jakarta, consisting of 12 units of micro office with Case Study on Micro Credit Loan. This bank has a commitment to provide ease of lending as an additional business capital for Micro Entrepreneur (UM) or UMKM. More than 80 percent of business units in Indonesia are UM / UMKM. During the period of 5 years (2010-2014) the provision of credit / UMKM decreased. In addition, the number of non-performing loans (NPLs) from the UM / UMKM sector has increased significantly. The relationship quality management (CRM) index has declined over the last five years, so there needs to be an effort to improve relationship quality (CRM) and service quality. This will be able to improve the image of banking. The purpose of this research is to develop brand image with CRM and service quality. Unit of analysis of micro business credit debtors, population 558 and samples of 100 customers with slovin techniques. Analysis method with quantitative analysis. Analysis technique with Path analysis, followed by determination analysis (RSquare), Testing of partial hypothesis (t test) and simultaneous (F test) with alpha 5 percent. Before the analysis with the first path analysis in the test questionnaire research with validity and reliability test as well as classical assumptions. SPSS version 22.0 analysis tool. The research result is that Customer Relationship Management and Service Quality have an effect on Brand Image either partially, simultaneously, directly and indirectly.

Nerve conduction study (NCS) measures how quickly electrical signals move through peripheral nerve. It is used to assess peripheral nerve dysfunction thus diagnose the types of neuropathy, and nerve damage. The purpose of this study was to observe the significance of recording nerve conduction parameters (NCP) of common peroneal nerve (CPN) from tibialis anterior (TA) muscle in neuropathic subjects. This study included 153 subjects which were grouped, on the basis of clinical and routine NCS in to normal healthy subjects and neuropathic patients; axonal and demyelinating types. Nerve conduction parameters were recorded and analyzed by using Digital EMG machine. After categorizing the subjects, the recordings of NCP were also obtained from TA muscle on stimulation of CPN, above and below the head of fibula. Study was performed at recommended temperature (32-340C). For statistics, the data was analyzed using MS Excel 2010 and Graph pad Prism6. A t-test was applied to see the significance of NCP recorded from TA and compared it with the NCP obtained from extensor digitorum brevis (EDB) muscle in different categories of selected subjects. P-values < 0.5 were considered significant. The comparison of most NCP between TA and EDB was highly significant in these categories of selected subjects. In neuropathic patients, more than 40% were non responsive to EDB stimulation while recording from TA was comparatively convincing. Findings of the study showed that the recording of nerve conduction parameters from TA is very useful in severe neuropathic condition, therefore, should be performed routinely in nerve conduction study

This article explores the Tibetan Buddhist tradition of sacrifice and religious ritual using instrument made of animal and human body parts among the Memba tribe of Menchuka Valley. The Memba is a name given to a collection of group of Buddhist people who migrated from various parts of Bhutan, present Tawang district and Tibet (China) respectively and settled in Menchuka Circle of West Siang district of Arunachal Pradesh, India during the early 17th Century A.D. The paper tries to present the ritual tradition of Memba tribe of Menchuka who follow Tibetan form of Buddhism and belong to Nying-ma-pa sect. It is interesting to know that Memba are still following and preserving most of the age-old ritualistic tradition of their ancestor. They followed extensive tantric ritual and comes under third vessel Vajrayana form of Buddhism introduced by Guru Padmasambhava in Eight century A.D. in Tibet. The article tries to provide brief information regarding the types of sacrificial ritual and use of animal and human body parts that are still prevalent among the Memba tribe. The paper also traces the belief and myth associate with it. In order to do so, varieties of sources in the form of secondary, primary, field study and folk narration are briefly examined to provide glimpse of their ritualistic practice.

Inflammatory response is a form of immune response which could be caused by infectious agents and toxic chemicals. Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf extract contains phytonutrients such as protein, vitamins, calcium, and iron; and is also a rich source of antioxidants which could be attributed to the traditional and scientific claims in the treatment of anaemia. This work was designed to determine possible pro and anti-inflammatory responses in the traditional application of raw liquid extract of Cnidoscolus aconitifolius leaf (iyana ipaja-chaya) in the treatment of anaemia. Twenty three (23) out of Thirty one (31)anaemic patients aged 12-32 years (including 2 females aged 12/15 years and 21 males aged 17 – 32 years) with PCV ≤ 20% receiving treatment at 5 traditional homes in Saki-west Local Government of Oyo State-Nigeria. Age matched 50 apparently healthy volunteers (Female-25; Male-25) with a PCV of 42±3.0% were recruited as control subjects. Thirty one anaemic patients initially volunteered themselves for the work but only 23 were successfully monitored. The patients were recruited before the commencement of the treatment. Each of the test and control subjects was subjected to stool microscopy for intestinal parasite, Giemsa thick staining procedure for plasmodium and Serological test for anti HIV, anti-HCV and HBsAg. All subjects who were negative to the aforementioned laboratory procedures were selected as subjects. Freshly prepared sixty milliliters (60ml) of the liquid was administered to each of the 23 anaemic patients and the 50 normal control volunteers 3 times on daily basis for 14 days when the PCV was found to have increased appreciably. Plasma ALT, IL-4, IL-6 , TNF-α (before and after the administration of the extract), HIV-1 p24 Antigen ELISA, anti-HCV, HBsAg were determined in all subjects by ELISA technique while whole blood was used to determine PCV by microhaematocrit and the identification of Plasmodium infection using Geimsa thick staining techniques.

Metaphors are an ambiguous and complex genre in Kiswahili Literature which slips into the forms of other literary genres and figurative language. This is potrayed in their definitions and manner of classification. Although metaphors are classified as a genre of sayings in Kiswahili oral literature their use goes above and below the saying. Kyallo Waddi Wamitila is one of the scholars of literature who besides having classified metaphors has also written literary works including plays. In his plays, words have been used to convey information metaphorically in context. This article shows the application of the conceptual metaphor theory in the analysis of word metaphors in Wamitilas plays. Though there are also other types of metaphors based on genre and use of figurative language such as play metaphors, narrative metaphors, poetic metaphors, songs, conversational metaphors, proverbial metaphors, simile metaphors, metonymy and quibbles.

Cancer is a major public health problem and a cause of morbidity and mortality in many parts of the world. On the other hand radiotherapy is one of the cancer treatment methods available but it has many side effects. Hypoalbuminaemia and hypoproteinaemia are common effects of radiotherapy and are often used to assess nutritional status of patients but there are few published reports on albumin and total protein levels in cancer patients on radiotherapy in Zimbabwe. Hence this study was carried out to determine the levels of serum albumin and total protein and compare levels in radiotherapy-exposed patients at Parirenyatwa Radiotherapy Clinic by type of cancer. A total of 63 cancer patients took part in this cross-sectional study, 30 had breast cancer while 18 had cervical cancer and 15 had prostate cancer. Samples were analysed using the Beckman Coulter AU680 Chemistry Analyser based on Bromocresol Green (BCG) method for albumin and the Biuret method for total protein, respectively. One way ANOVA was used for comparison of normally distributed data while the Kruskal-Wallis test was used for skewed data. Out of all cancer patients who took part in this study, 18 (28.6%) were hypoalbuminaemic and 3 (4.7%) had hypoproteinaemia. There was no significant difference between albumin and total protein of patients with different types of cancer. Prevalence of patients with hypoalbuminaemia (28.6%) and hypoproteinaemia (4.7%) was comparable to studies from other countries. High prevelance of hypoalbuminaemia is worrying in this context as it worsens prognosis of cancer patients

The aim of this study is to reveal the relationship between sportspersonship orientations and positive thinking levels of the athletes in the team branch. In this study, Multidimensional Sportspersonship Orientation Scale and Positive Thinking Skills Scale were used as data collection tools. Portable IBM SPSS Statistics v20 software package was also used to analyze the data. For analyses of the data, descriptive statistics and Pearson correlation coefficient analysis were applied in the analysis of the data. As a result, it was determined that there is a positive relationship between athletes’ positive thinking scores and adherence to social norms, respect for rules and officials and respect for opponent.

Despite the wealth of evidence for unfavourable effects of salt consumption on blood pressure dietary adherence remains unachievable. Behaviour modification by considering the perceived barriers has emerged as a promising control measure. This is a cross sectional study carried out in primary health centre of Chidambaram to assess the level of perceived barriers to salt restriction among known hypertensive patients in an urban population and to find out the various factors influencing the level of barriers. The study assessed known hypertensive patients for their prior behaviours and perceived barriers in following salt restriction along with dietary sodium estimation and clinical details. The barriers perceived by the participants were assessed and categorized as less, moderate and severe using Fredmann test. It was analyzed for association with factors of prior behaviour, duration of disease and treatment regularity using ANOVA. The study revealed no association between socio-demographic factors and perceived barriers yet duration of disease and treatment regularity had positive association with perceived barriers which was statistically significant (p<0.05). Also prior behaviours were statistically associated with perceived barriers (p<0.05). This study highlights the importance of knowledge of perceived barriers to encourage behavioural change for adapting salt restriction as a healthy practice

This article relates precarious work, a symbol and axis of social relations in contemporary capitalism, to one of its most negative aspects relating to the generation of social barbarism that mainly affects working classes around the world.

Poisoning due to deliberate self-harm (DSH) with the seeds of yellow oleander (Thevetia peruviana) results in significant morbidity and mortality each year in South Asia. Yellow oleander seeds contain highly toxic cardiac glycosides including thevetins A and B and neriifolin. A cross-sectional observational study was conducted in Teaching Hospital Batticaloa, SriLanka among all DSH to see the prevalence of yellow oleander poisoning. Out of 121 DSH patients, 33(31.4%), 9 (27.3%) male and 24 (72.7%) female had seeds of yellow oleander poisoning. Among them, 3 (9.1%) patients got 1st-degree heart block while 2 (6.1%) got 2nd- degree heart block and 1(3%) patient got 3rd-degree heart block. Unfortunately, 2 (6.1%) patients have died. Though the numbers of suicide are already quite high, it is estimated that the real figures may be even higher in Sri Lanka. The under‐reporting is due to deaths not being recorded or being misclassified for different reasons such as stigma, legal harassment or insurance benefits. The main reasons for the oleander poisoning were a confrontation with their parents and siblings.

Weirs are the most extensively used hydraulic structures in the different fields of hydraulics, environmental, irrigation, and chemical engineering, as flow measuring and flow control devices in open Channels. The object of the present paper is to study the effect of the geometry of crump weir on the coefficient of discharge (Cd) under different flow conditions. The experimental work was conducted in rectangular laboratory flume; fifteen physical models were used with five upstream angles (17o, 22o, 27o, 32o and 37o) and three different crest heights (10, 15 and 20) cm under free flow conditions. The results show that Cd value will increase with the decrease of crest height as well as with increasing flow rate; it is also directly proportional to the upstream slope and inversely to the downstream slope. Computational fluid dynamic (FLOW 3D) were used to conduct new experiments.An empirical relation was obtained to estimate the coefficient of discharge Cd under different height and upstream slopes crump weirs.

Musculoskeletal pain is very common complaint in the workplace and about billions of dollars yearly are spending on work related musculoskeletal pain. Elbow pain is one of the common complaints in allied health providers today. Rare researches have been studied on musculoskeletal pain among allied health providers in Pakistan, but not specifically on elbow pain. The objective of study is to determine lifetime prevalence of work related elbow pain among allied health providers of Lahore. Cross-sectional study was conducted among allied health providers by using convenient sampling technique. Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire (NMQ) of pain was used to assess the prevalence rate of work related elbow pain among allied health providers. The data was collected through a survey study of 105 participants from different healthcare setups in Lahore and was analyzed through statistical package for the social sciences (SPSS) version 21.There were total 105 participants who include 37 (35.2%) physiotherapist, 38 (36.2%) nurses and, 30 (28.6%) technologists. The prevalence of work related elbow pain among allied health providers was reported in 9 (8.6%) participants. Elbow pain was reported in physiotherapists 13.5%, nurses 2.6% and technologists 10%.Physiotherapists and technologists have much prevalence of elbow pain than nurses because of nature of their job in poor and uncomfortable posture

The aim of this study is to assess the state of plant biodiversity in the natural rangelands of transhumant cattle herds in the Classified Forest of Upper Alibori (CFUA), Northern Benin. Forty-five (45) phytosociological plots were carried out using the Braun-Blanquet method. The phytosociological data were submitted to Detrended Correspondence Analysis (DCA) under the software R.3.3.2 with a package vegan. The results revealed that the natural rangelands of the CFUA have 178 species belonging to 45 families of which the most abundant and dominant are the Poaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Combretaceae and Rubiaceae. Three (3) types of pasture were highlighted: Detarium microcarpum and Pennisetum polystachion ; Isoberlinia doka and Brachiaria stigmatisata; Prosopis africana and Pennisetum pedicellatum. The most abundant and dominant biological types on these natural rangelands are phanerophytes followed by therophytes. However, Sudanese species are the most abundant and dominant. This shows that pastures in this protected area are relatively undisturbed. The unsweetened and invasive species such as Senna obtusifolia, Hyptis suaveolens, Loudetia togoensis, etc. were also observed in this natural rangeland. It follows from this study that the natural rangelands of CFUA are degraded due to the strong agropastoral pressure.

Food borne diseases are the major health problems in developing countries like India. The problem is more noticeable due to prevailing poor food handling and sanitation practices. Street food vending has been increasing for several years but this growth presents public health challenge with evidence of diarrheal diseases. Emerging needs for understanding the food hygiene knowledge of street food vendors to ensure hygienic preparation of street foods is essential. The purpose of this study is to assess the level of knowledge on food hygiene among street food vendors in urban Chidambaram. The study conducted using a descriptive cross-sectional survey. A total of 50 street food vendors were selected using purposive sampling technique. Data were collected by conducting face to face interview using a semistructured questionnaire. The questionnaire was peer-reviewed and pilot tested before the final version. The questionnaire were structured into three distinctive parts to collect information on demographic characteristics, personal hygiene and knowledge on food safety .Among the study participants majority were of the age group 20 to 29 yrs ie 25[50%] majority of the participants were males 35[70%] and 33[66%] were married. With regards to cooking process 44[88%] of participants had moderate knowledge with mean score of 59.66±12.63. Knowledge about diseases was also adequate among 46[92%] participants with mean score of 97.33±9.13. .The study shows the overall knowledge level on food hygiene among street food vendors were adequate with 82.63±6.40. The factors like age, gender, education, type of shop or years of experience had no significant association with the knowledge levels of the participants. To conclude, Food vendors should be adequately educated on the role of food in disease transmission as well as on rules of personal hygiene and approved practices in handling street food

This paper seeks the complex issues between the oral/ethnographic narration and historical narration of the past. The oral history often collected by ethnographers directly from the people may have huge differences with the supposed authentic written account of history. For instance, the people in Tibet still believe, and they have tales and songs which say that Mao Zedong came to Tibet for the Communist Long March through China in the 1930s but the written records of the long march and Zedong‟s personal history reject this claim. However, the written history can‟t reject the paradoxical existence of oral tradition and vice versa. Both oral and written history has cultural significance and hence exists beyond the truth. In this context, it is difficult to pass judgment whether ethnography or history is the truth; rather it demands anthropological concerns to understand the reason behind the disjuncture. The social and cultural feature which creates disjuncture or paradox between the oral and written forms of historic accounts is more important to understand the truth. Anthropologist Carole Mcgranahan argued, “This situation demands to consider the social truth, cultural logic and political claim embedded in history as examples of the productive excesses inherent in and generated by this conceptual disjuncture.” This paper also emphasizes the concepts like social truth, cultural logic, and political claims to solve the complex issues between the ethnography and written history.