Citizen Participation is one of the national values and is also a principle of public service. Moreover, quality of participation in financial matters both at the national and county levels is necessary to inform decision making and resource allocation. This study examined the factors affecting public participation in budgeting process in the County Government of Nandi. The study was guided by the following specific objectives: to determine whether public participation forums affect budgeting process; to determine whether stakeholders’ involvement affects the budgeting process and to establish whether socio-cultural factors affect public participation in the budgeting process in the County Government of Nandi. The study was guided by agency theory, games theory and public choice theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design targeting 75 Community Based Organizations (CBOs) members who are residents of County Government of Nandi, 5 CBO officials and 5 officials from the Treasury and Economic Planning department in the County Government of Nandi. Stratified random sampling technique was used to select members of the stratus of the identified Community Based Organizations who were administered with structured questionnaires, while key informants CBO officials and officials from the Treasury and Economic Planning department were chosen through purposive sampling.

This study had the objective of evaluating the effect of water deficit on the Physiological Parameters and Water Use Efficiency on soybean plants under different planting densities. It was conducted during winter and summer seasons of 2014-2015. The different plant densities designated as D1, D2 and D3 (5, 10 and 15 cm between plants) under three watering regimes (W1,W2 and W3) irrigation every 7,14 and 21 days. The experimental design was a complete randomized blocks design in split trail with three replications. All physiological parameters (LAD, RGR,CGR, NAR) and relative water content of soybean plants tended to decrease with prolonged watering interval (W3) or in high planting density (D1).Water use efficiency for dry mater (WUEdm) was higher in moderate watering interval (W2) as compared to frequent and pronged watering regimes (W1 ,W3). An interaction treatment (W1D3) increased RGR,CGR, NAR while the highest WUEdm was recorded in (W2D3).the result revealed that, the improvement in water availability with low planting density stimulated plant growth and caused increase in dry matter accumulation and longer leaf area might explain the higher CGR, NAR. In conclusion, sowing soybean in wider spacing under frequent irrigation can increase most of the physiological characters measured in this investigation.

Product harm crises are devastating events in companies. They negatively effect on organizations and society. Present study was an attempt to investigate how consumers recognize such crisis situation and their repurchasing behavior. Ninety of undergraduates of the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Ruhuna were selected for the study by stratified random sampling technique. Yoghurt was taken as the main product category. A self-administrated, case-study based, seven point Likert scale survey questionnaire was employed to collect relevant data for the study. Data analysis was monitored by SPSS and descriptive analytical tools. Results showed that 62% of the respondents identified product harm crisis as a company fault, while 48.3% of sample identified it as a brand fault. Moreover, 36.67% of them recognized it as a consumer fault. In addition, 56.7% of the respondents were not going to repurchase the crisis brand and, 47.7% of the sample was not willing to pay for the crisis brand in future. However, 35% of the respondents were mentioned that the past brand performance is important when re-purchasing the brand after a crisis situation and, 40.03% of the sample stated that such crises will not negatively impact on the brand trust that they have been already built. Furthermore, 46.67% of the sample expected a compensation for the experienced crisis, while 32.2% of them demanding recompense more than the price of yoghurt. The study suggested the best strategy is to avoid productharm crises by implementing very careful business processes with sufficient checks and balances without harming the consumers. Moreover, as consumers willing to have compensation for the crisis, and the majority mentioned that the company is accused for the crises, compensating aggrieved parties is the most appropriate remedy for such situations.

The main objective of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of plants with antifungal and antibacterial potentials. Ethnobotanical surveys on the uses of plants cited in the traditional pharmacopoeia against vaginal infections are conducted in the markets and districts of four Cameroonian cities. The botanical data collected was recorded in the Excel 2010 version spreadsheet and processed statistically. A dendrogram showing the similarity of use of anti vaginitis plants by city and by respondents was established using the Jaccard similarity coefficient using the XlStat software. A total of 73 respondents were interviewed. The analysis of the dendrogram of similarity between the uses of plants in the four cities reveals a comparison between the knowledge of the respondents of the cities of the Center region and the dissimilarity between those of the Littoral. Thirty-four (34) plant species belonging to twenty-eight (28) plant families have been identified and the first is Asteraceae. The Guineo-Congolese phytogeographic type (12 citations) predominates. Fourteen (14) diseases and/or symptoms related to the female plant were obtained; Vaginal infections (33 citations) the first. Traditional medicines prepared are mostly preserved at room temperature (41%). Sexual intercourse comes first (37%), as a prohibition that can damage the treatment. Given the upsurge in vaginal infections in Africa, it is essential to develop a strategy to find effective means of control and especially at a lower cost to propose an alternative to conventional therapy.

Effective care can reduce almost 3 of the 4 million deaths of babies under-one month. Essential newborn care should be applied immediately after the baby is born and continued for at least the first 7 days after birth. Study was aimed to assess the knowledge and practice on essential newborn care among primipara mothers. A hospital based cross sectional was conducted with 60 samples who met the inclusion criteria by using convenient sampling technique. Structured questionnaire and check list was used to collect the data and data were analyzed by descriptive and inferential statistics. The present study observed that out 60 samples, 16(26. 7%) had inadequate knowledge, 30(50%) of them had moderately adequate knowledge and 14(23.3%) of them had adequate knowledge. Regarding practice 16(26. 7%) of them had poor practice, 28(46. 7%) had good practice and eight (26. 6%) had best practice. There is a positive correlation between the level of knowledge and level of practice on essential newborn care among primipara mothers and but not statistically significant. Health care professionals are actively participating in providing health education to the antenatal mother regarding essential newborn care and creating environmental conditions for better hygiene and reduced exposure to contamination makes children less susceptible to diseases and infections that may lead to death there by can improve health status of the newborn and reduced the newborn mortality rate.

In this work concentrations of ten different minerals were evaluated in commercial white cheese, pigtail cheese and triangles cheese. Minerals were analyzed by an Inductively Coupled plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometer (ICP-AES). Respective mean mineral concentration (ppm) of white cheese, pigtail cheese and cheese triangles were: Al 94.125, 73.75, 64.0; Cr 0, 0, 0 ; Mn 1.40, 1.2875, 0.6875; Fe 13.075, 16.45, 6.675; Ni 8.6125, 8.8, 6.925; Cu 0, 0, 0; Zn 22.4125, 22.9125, 14.7875; Cd 1.2, 0.6625, 0.4375; Ba 0, 0, 0; Pb 16.375, 4.9, 4.6125. These results show that there is some minerals (Cr, Cu and Ba) were not exist and other found with high concentration in comparison with the standard specification.

Hearing plays a key role in learning to talk. Early screening of newborns for hearing impairment is essential as treatment is most successful when identified early. The study assessed the challenges associated with screening and early detection of hearing impairment among children in the Kumasi metropolis and focused on the services available for screening of hearing impairment among children and the effects of the challenges of screening and early detection of hearing impairment. The study employed a qualitative approach. Purposive and convenience sampling were used to select 15 participants. An interview guide was adopted to capture the responses of participants on voice recorder. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse themes generated from the data according to the objectives. The study found that, hearing screening services for children included OAEs, pure tone testing, behavioral assessment and school outreach programs but health personnel are faced with challenges in undertaking these services. Challenges such as lack of enough funds, insufficient tools and equipment, few numbers of health personnel and low patronage of hearing screening services limited health personnel’s ability to provide effective hearing screening services to children. The study therefore recommends that the ministry of health constructs audiology units in every region in Ghana and supply the units with the tools and equipment needed for work. The study further recommends that, the ministry of health in collaboration with ministry of education should assist in training more audiologists and make school screening programs a long term national policy.

This work aimed to study the effect of laser irradiation on bee honey (Seder) physical and chemical properties. Four honey samples were used in this study with 250 g of each; three of them were irradiated by He-Ne laser with output powers 1 mW, 1.5 mW and 2 mW for 5 minutes for each sample. Analysis included measuring of some honey physical and chemical properties for the irradiated and no irradiated samples particularly electrical conductivity, refractive index, density, viscosity, moisture, Ashes, wax, monocular sugars, total sugars, glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose and acidity, it also included estimation of some elements like Na, Ca, K, Fe, Mg. The results show that irradiation by He-Ne lead to upward effect for some physical and chemical properties like electrical conductivity, monocular sugars and density, and it lead to downward effect for ashes, wax, sucrose and density, while it lead to no significant differences (P>0.05) on refractive index, viscosity.

Myasthenia gravis is a rare disorder of autoimmune origin, caused by dysfunction of neuromuscular transmission. Clinically it manifested by a muscular weakness accentuated to the effort. We report the results of a retrospective study of 18 cases of myasthenia gravis in the department of neurology of the military hospital Moulay Ismail of Meknes during a period of 10 years. The sex ratio for our patients was 3.5. 67% of them were between 20 and 40 years old. The average deadline to diagnosis was two years. A personal history of Graves’ disease was present in 11% of our patients and type 1 diabete in siblings in 11% of cases. The inaugural symptoms were progressive in 50 % of the cases, affecting mainly the eye (94 %), the pharyngo-laryngeal region (67 %) the jaw (44 %), the roots of the members (33 %), the infringement of the respiratory muscles (22 % of the cases) and the fall of the head (6 %). The generalized form of the disease predominated at the time of diagnosis (67%), and the search for anti-acetylcholine receptor (anti-RAch) antibodies was positive in 89% of the cases. Thoracic imaging revealed thymoma in 33% of cases and thymic hyperplasia in 17% of cases. All patients received an acetyl cholinesterase inibitor. 33% of the patients in our series required a background treatment, consisting of corticosteroids alone (22%) or corticosteroids and immunosuppressive agents (11%). Thymectomy was performed in 56% of our patients

Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) is an indigenous fish of freshwater lotic ecosystem belonging to the family Notopteridae of the Order Osteoglossiformes. This fish species has relatively larger market demand presumably because of having rich lipo-proteinaceous tissue at the ventral side of the body. Wild variety of Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822) was identified at the lower reach of Muhuri river of Tripura, India. As per IUCN criteria this fauna may be considered near threatened fish species in North-east India in general and Tripura in particular. In various corners of India this species was considered as preferred fish species. Morphometric character of the fish specimen showed hump-like structure just behind the head area, bar, transverse, silver at dorsal body area. Greatly compressed body, laterally, oblong and tapering towards caudal area. Dorsal fin, significantly smaller. Anal fin, very long; originated with the fusion of pelvic fin and also ended by fusion with caudal fin. Scales, tiny, sharp at ventral area of head. A specific fin formula was noticed in Chitala chitala (Hamilton, 1822).

Malignant phyllodes breast tumors (PT) have been reported to present with unusual characteristics, including aggressive growth and high potential of recurrences. We report a case of a 26 year old women presented to our constitution with local reccurence after several surgery of PT in the right breast, who necessited wide resection and reconstruction of the chest wall

Colon cancer is currently the third most common cancer in both men and women after lung and breast cancer. Incidence and mortality rates have been declining since the 1980's, partially due to improvements in screening and prevention. Colon cancer is the cancer that formed in the tissues of the colon (the longest part of large intestine). Most colon cancers are adenocarcinomas. Many studies have been done to elucidate the ability of iron to rule out colon cancer. Some of these studies encouraged using iron status as early predictors of gastrointestinal tumors. The aim of this study was to estimate level of serum iron and ferritin among colonic cancer patients according to gender, age, Hb and weigh levels. This study included 100 patients diagnosed as a colonic cancer. The majority of patients were male, 67 representing 67 % of respondents and only 33 were female representing 33%. Age distribution among patients demonstrates a majority of the age interval (40-60) years representing 46 %. The association between serum iron and ferritin was found to be significant with the level of Hb. In the distribution of study population according to weight, the majority was shown in weight between (51-70) kg representing 57 % of total respondents. Regarding correlation between serum iron, ferritin and weigh, no significant was found to be observed.

Eyebrow reconstruction is very challenging especially in cases of large defects exceeding half of the eyebrow length. In such cases, hair grafting is the first choice in women, whereas hair-bearing flaps are used in male patients desiring a wider and fuller eyebrow. We report a case of a female in whom a superficial temporal artery island flap allowed one-stage eyebrow repair with a very good aesthetic outcome

Different forms of allogenous and autogenous bone grafts have been studied for their potential use as bone substitutes. Although autogenous bone grafts is a treatment alternative for bone regeneration and repair they have several disadvantages like limitation of graft volume available, donor site morbidity and is technique sensitive. Thus, use of other materials like processed bovine dentine and Bone Xenograft (Bio-Oss) presents an alternative and a relatively simple technique for bone regeneration and repair. The main aim of this study was to determine the role of Processed Bovine Dentine and Bone Xenograft (Bio-Oss) in bone regeneration and repair and to compare these two groups histlogically. A total of ten healthy adult Albino male rats, aged 4 weeks weighing between 150 – 200gms were used in the study. Three round surgical defects of approximately 1mm in diameter were drilled in both the right and left femur. Processed bovine dentine was placed in the right femur and Bio-Oss was placed in the left femur. Group I: - Processed Bovine Dentine.Group II: - Bone Xenograft (Bio-Oss). Bio-Oss graft displayed osteoconductive properties and the best bone formation with complete resorption and organization of the grafted materials. Based on histological findings, though Processed Bovine dentine displayed osteoconductive properties its effect on bone formation was slower compared to that of Bio-Oss. The results of the present study supports that the use of Processed Bovine Dentine seems to be an alternative bone substitute, although less effective than Bone Xenograft (Bio-Oss).

Agency banking is the business carried out by an agent on behalf of an institution as permitted by the banking act in 2010. Through agency banking, banks have been able to recruit other businesses with a nationwide footprint to offer banking services on their behalf, allowing them to have branches in areas that were not previously commercially viable. This study sought to establish the contribution of agency banking services to financial performance of commercial banks in Kisumu City; A case of Equity bank. The study was guided by the following objectives: to establish the contribution of withdrawal of cash through agents financial performance of Equity banks in Kisumu County; to analyze the contribution of deposits of cash through agents on financial performance of Equity banks in Kisumu City; to establish the contribution of fund transfers from one account to another through agents on financial performance of Equity banks in Kisumu City. The study was anchored on financial intermediation theory and it adopted a descriptive research design which involves quantitative technique. The population size was equity bank managers and banking agents in Kisumu City. Sample size was selected using cluster followed by random sampling where the 56 banking agents and 4 managers were the respondents. Data was collected using questionnaire and analyzed data using frequency distribution, percentages, and SPSS helped in multiple regressions. The study found that cash withdrawal, cash deposit and cash transfer as agency banking services contributed to banks performance and the influence was statistically positively significant on bank performance. The study recommends that more banks should implement agency banking helping them to tap into more deposits and withdrawal eventually increasing financial performance. Bank management should initiate training sessions for their agents to equip them with financial skills needed to run the agents effectively. Security enhances operations of agents; the study recommends that the government of Kenya should thus improve security to enhance operation of the agents‟ bank.