This comparative, before-and-after study (without controls) was conducted between February 2018 and April 2018 at Rajiv Gandhi Medical College, Maharashtra, India, to compare the cognitive domain scores obtained by first-year Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) students after traditional didactic lectures with that obtained after integrated teaching. After obtaining permissions from the Institutional Ethics Committee and institutional authorities, the purpose of the study was explained to first-year MBBS students. Those who had given written informed consent and were present for traditional didactic lectures, integrated teaching, pre-test and post-test were included in the study. Traditional didactic lectures were conducted as per the syllabus for the first-year MBBS course. The pre-test, conducted after traditional didactic lectures, consisted of ten questions (two mark per question; total 20 marks). After the pre-test, integrated teaching was conducted by the same set of teachers. The post-test was conducted after integrated teaching, using a questionnaire that was identical to that of the pre-test. A total of 62 students (29 females; 52.54% and 33 males; 47.46%) participated. The overall mean scores (out of 20) increased from 11.53 +/- 3.59 (95% CI: 10.64 - 12.43) in the pre-test to 13.31 +/- 3.16 (95% CI: 12.52 - 14.09) in the post-test, exhibiting high statistically significant (Z= 2.921; p= 0.003) difference. In the pre-test, the gender differences in scores were statistically significant for two questions, while in the post-test, the statistical significance was observed only for one question. Despite time constraints in the teaching schedule for first-year medical students, it is possible to conduct integrated teaching, which increased cognitive domain scores. However, a larger study on integrated teaching would be necessary in order to generalize the results.

Ayurveda being a science learnt, practiced and taught over generations is a discipline codified through centuries in written documents called manuscripts. Manuscripts on medicine ranges between 20,000–1,00,000 in number. A mere 2% of the available material from manuscripts is in printed form. Several treatment priniciples methods and medical formulations are yet to be discovered from the manuscripts for the present day needs. Therefore, a scientific protocol of research methodology for accessing and exploring this knowledge treasure is of immediate necessity. This article provides an alleyway towards the methodology in Medical Manuscriptology to be adopted by a scholar who intends to take up research in Ayurveda manuscripts.

Citrinin (CIT), a toxin first isolated from Penicillium citrinum, is known for its cytotoxic and nephrotoxic properties. To date, CIT has been identified in various species of Penicillium and several species of Aspergillus Toxic and protective effects of citrinin may be due to its dose relevant. More experimental setup is required to understand the fact clearly.

The goal of this paper is to provide sound rationale for increase ethical financial training and overview in the financial services industry by explaining the current ethical status of the financial services industry and cite examples of financial malpractices, unethical financial practices, financial corruption and other practices that reflect poor financial choices by corporations and financial services personnel ranging from banks, mortgage lenders, to financial agents. There are several objectives underpinning this research. These include: (1) describing the state of financial ethics in Corporate America and across the globe, (2) identifying several financial scandals and/or practices as examples that highlight the lack of ethics in the financial services industry, (3) identifying and describing current efforts to ensure financial ethics ranging from private and governmental administrative agency policies and rules to efforts by other institutions including business colleges to teach ethics, (4) communicating the effectiveness of existing measures designed to ensure financial ethics and evaluating these measures on the basis of success and failure, and (5) making recommendations in the forms of programs, practices, or initiatives to increase financial ethics across the board.

The purpose of this study is to determine the impact of regional financial information systems on the quality of financial statements. The object of the research is 53 users of local government financial information system. This research uses the exploratory method with survey approach. Moreover, the data analysis method of this study is Structural Equation Modelling. The result shows that there is an influence of regional financial information system on the quality of local government financial statements. Therefore, the local government must increase the usage of regional financial information systems to produce qualified financial reports.

The Cameroon Public service is a blend of the moral and cultural values that were inherited in British and French systems of administration along with the desire put in by the different administering authorities to cope with the demands of time. Unfortunately, this blend even in the era of modern technology with improved tools of communication has not completely destroyed the ligaments of financial crimes and scandals that have encumbered this department. Going by reachable evidences, in the heat of economic crises that warranted the introduction of broad based structural adjustment Programmes, Cameroon ranked twice as most corrupt country in the world. Again, most of the top officials (ministers and directors) that have served the different departments of the public service have been judged and sentenced for differential durations in prisons due to financial crimes.The questions that beg for convincing answers are; why is the Cameroon public service department still bedevilled by financial crimes inspite of the measures put in place to assure transparency? What are these crimes and what is their impact on national and international dealings? From primary and secondary sources complimented with statistical and oral interviews, this paper argues that the near absence of blueprint etiquettes along with administrative lapses is at the root of these financial crimes. It uses the way accountability was assured in the management of Southern/West Cameroon budget as model to argue that; with a determined will churned from endearing etiquettes, the financial crimes alive in the Cameroon public service can be reduce to the barest minimum or at best, eliminated. It posits that in an era of modern technology, moral etiquettes that express themselves in an astute art of private and public righteousness of financial management is required of state authorities. By so doing, it makes a claim which is not only valid for Cameroon but also for every state and institution suffocating under the spell of financial crimes that, much can be redeemed using the model provided.

This study aims to analyze the differences before and after the formation of waste banks in students, while the long-term goal is reporting and business strategy of Waste Bank at school (including a simple model of financial statement). The method used in this study is method of comparison with different test. The assessment of student performance between before and after the established of waste bank there is significant difference in the assessment of student performance at elementary school.

This paper assesses the comparative study of the role of tax audit and tax investigations in developed and developing countries (emphasis on Nigeria and United Kingdom). The two research questions that guided the research include; to what extent does effective tax audit and investigation curb incidents of tax evasion in developed countries?; to what extent does effective tax audit and investigation in developed countries enhance their tax revenue generation?. For developing countries, Nigeria as a case study, the methodology employed for data collection is only primary source, which involved the use of questionnaires, in which 48 questionnaire were administered to the members of staff Port Harcourt branch of Federal Inland Revenue Services (FIRS) and all the questionnaire were returned. Conversely, for developed countries, a critical look was given to published journals and some published information on databases that have confirmed that tax evasion occurs less often in UK owing to effective tax audit and investigation. Such journals have equally confirmed that one of the reasons for increase in revenue derivable from tax is as a result of effective tax audit and investigation as well as reliable tax laws. A Simple random sampling technique was adopted in distributing 48 copies of questionnaire, which were returned. Presentation and analysis of primary and secondary data collected with questionnaire were done using table, charts and simple percentages. It was established that effective and efficient tax and investigation has not been optimally put in place in developing countries hence the rampant incidents of tax evasion and low revenue generated through tax administration systems in such countries. On the other hand, in developed countries such as UK, tax audit and investigation is effective and efficient and for that reason, higher revenue is generated and less incidents of tax evasion. The study therefore concludes that for increased revenue generation and prevention of tax evasion, reliable, efficient and effective tax audit and investigation should be put in place in both developing and developed economies. It is the recommendation of the study that developing countries urgently embrace functional audit and investigation exercises to increase their revenue base through taxation and prevent uncontrollable loss of revenue through tax evasion while developed countries should maintain and strengthen their tax audit and investigation activities for a sustained optimal performance.

This research aims to see the accountability of madrasah heads in carrying out the task to manage the education madrasah financing to be the best in implementing process of education and teaching in order to create quality students and able to compete in national and international forums. The management of education funds must be implemented properly and correctly because the fund is the key to success in an institution, so that the target funds of the institution being effective then the manager must be able to do budgeting, accounting, organizing and auditing so that the goal of education is achieved well. Research approach used is descriptive qualitative approach. Data collection techniques using observation, interviews, and documentation, data analysis using cress well model, spread miles Huberman model data analysis in progress or flow. Data analysis techniques using domain analysis, taxonomy, compositional, cultural themes and data presentation of data triangulation. This research is head of madrasah Jambi province which not fully accountable in management of education fund because to manage education fund is not run based on what have been determined.

The study aimed to examine value chain of sesame varieties in some areas of Bangladesh. The specific objectives were i) to estimate the cost and return of Binatil-1and Binatil-2, ii) To identify the value chain of Binatil-1 and Binatil-2 iii) To determine the constraints of Binatil-1 and Binatil-2 cultivation; and iv) to suggest recommendations for policy guidelines. Both primary and secondary data were used for this study. Descriptive statistics analysis using average, percentage, ratio, etc. and value chain analysis were done in this study. The average cost of production of Binatil is BDT. 30341.08 per hectare and yield is 1.23 t ha-1; which indicates to a production cost of BDT 24.81/kg. The average human labour cost was BDT 19803.83 per hectare; fertilizer cost was BDT. 3990.84 and land preparation cost was BDT 3164.84 per hectare. The cost of human labour, fertilizer and land preparation are the major cost items of Binatil production. The average price for Binatil 1& Binatil 2 was BDT 38 and net return was BDT 16306.42. In case of Binatil-1, producer share was 65 percent for value chain-I and 55 percent for value chain-II and it was 63 and 56 percent respectively for Binatil-2.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of weight jocket on Vo2 Max among college football players. To achieve this purpose of the study, thirty netball players were selected as subjects who were from the various faculties, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar. The selected subjects were aged between 19 to 24 years. They were divided into two equal groups of fifteen each, Group I underwent weight jocket training and Group II acted as control that did not participate in any special training apart from their regular sports and games practices. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variable such as Vo2 max prior to any immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variable such as Vo2 max was determined through using Treadmill. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant differences if any, between the experimental group and control group on selected criterion variable. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance, which was considered as an appropriate. The result of the present study has revealed that there was a significant difference among the experimental and control group on Vo2 max.

Abstract: The aim of the paper/study was to investigate categories, causes and consequences of risks in sports identified by Sports administrators in State Sports Councils, South East, Nigeria. In order to achieve the research objectives, three research questions guided the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design and use one hundred and fifty-five sports administrators (Directors of sports, organizing secretaries and coaches) as population and sample for the study. Structured and validated questionnaire was used for data collection and all statistical analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21. Hundred and thirty-five copies of the questionnaire were used for data analysis because other copies suffered mortality. Mean scores were used to answer the research questions using 2.50 as the criterion mean. From the results, risk of injury, risks of financial loss and risk of damaging sports facilities were identified by the sports administrators as risks in sports with risk of injury as the most occurred risk. Also, the sports administrators identified the cause and consequences they encounter in their various sports councils depending on the category of risk. The study concluded that sports administrators in State Sports Councils, South East, Nigeria, know the pertinent risks they encounter as they discharge their duties and cause and effects of such risks.

The Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst (COC) represents a heterogeneous group of lesions that exhibits a variety of clinicopathologic and behavioural features. Therefore a proper categorization of the cases is needed for better understanding of each variant. Ameloblastoma is one of the well-known odontogenic tumours that could be associated with Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst. Very few cases of Ameloblastomatous calcifying odontogenic cyst have been reported in the literature. In this report we present a case of ameloblastomatous transformation of calcifying odndontogenic cyst.

The production and consumption of building materials have increased to leaps and bounds in the past few decades due to tremendous increase in population. As the production of building materials gets increased, generation of waste materials such as fibers, granules, ashes, effluents etc. also gets increased. Nowadays wastes of different types are being used effectively in concrete either partially and fully which helps in making of green concrete. Fiber reinforced concrete is a special type of concrete in which natural or synthetic fibers with different aspect ratios are used to eliminate or reduce crack formation and to improve various mechanical strength properties when mixed along with fly ash, silica fumes etc. in optimal dosages. In order to study the influence of waste on various strength properties of cement concrete, different dosages of cement are replaced with fly ash and also with coconut fiber or wollastonite fiber were added. The compressive strength, split tensile strength and flexural strength were experimentally evaluated and modulus of elasticity was empirically determined. Based on the test results, the concrete with 20% replacement of cement with fly ash and fiber revealed effective results when compared to concrete without fiber. Coconut fiber along with minimum dosages of fly ash has greatly improved the flexural strength on the other hand it reduces other mechanical properties at higher dosages. Combination of Wollastonite fiber with fly ash helps in the improvement of overall mechanical strength of cement concrete.

Doha, the capital city of the State of Qatar, has undergone rapid economic growth and urbanization over the past 20 years. In contrast with developed countries, where sustainable development has been implemented on a neighborhood scale, sustainable planning research has still been concentrated at the national level and less on the neighborhood level in the State of Qatar. Achieving the development of healthy cities without green and sustainable neighborhoods within them is challenging. The dynamism, livability and diversity of cities rely upon the cohesion of its neighborhoods as they make up the urban fabric from which enduring settlements are formed. Moreover, walkability and connectivity have been identified as two of the central aspects for enhancing neighborhood livability. However, the introduction of the car has transformed traditional pedestrianized street patterns into a car-dominant street network, with traditional walking Souqs replaced by destination-based strip-shopping. This study aims to examine the extent to which the heritage neighborhood site of the Souq Waqif in Doha is livable and what further implementations can be employed to increase its social sustainability (livability).