Performance management in the public sector is faced with a unique batch of challenges, and these challenges need to be addressed and overcome if universities can hope to succeed in achieving their missions. And yet, many organizations are not even aware that these challenges exist. They’re using recommended models and tools but often applying them in the wrong way or wrong context and therefore not seeing the results they would hope for oganizations have to build their capacity and improve their organizational effectiveness with an eye towards sustainability and long-term change. Student recruitment is driven by the need to fill available places, but is also influenced by issues of quality, income generation and equity in participation. Funding is a constant source of concern, for both teaching and research, with institutions looking to both diversify and maximise income streams, whilst also looking to achieve enhanced efficiency and value for money. Globalisation and internationalisation, and new technology, pose additional challenges to universities. However, arguably the greatest pressures arise from increasing competition and marketisation, and from the politicisation of higher education.

Completion, access and participation in education are currently the most important ones in the implementation of education for all. This is particularly so when one considers the problems surrounding early marriages observed to lead to lower school completion rates and increased dropouts. It is with this in mind that the present study sought to examine the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out in Nyamira North sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population was 38 Principals and students and 1400 parents. The sample was 322 students, 38 G/C teachers and parents. The survey instruments were piloted in Kisii County using the test-re-test method. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.78 which was considered good enough for a scientific study. In addition, the research instruments were subjected to the scrutiny of two experts who established face as well as content validity. Data was collected from respondents using a specially designed questionnaire and interview schedule. The findings may enable students to obtain an education that is likely to lengthen their stay in school thus ending up in avoiding early marriages. The findings of the present study revealed that most of the principals, 52 percent responded that the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out is very high. Few of them saw it as normal and that was 10.3 percent while 3.9 reported that not applicable at all. It also found out those 23 G /C teachers which makes up 61 percent agreed that female students are more linked to dropout than boys. The study concluded that more effort by all stakeholders be encouraged to retain students in schools till completion. The study recommended that guidance and counseling in schools be activated, G/C teachers should be motivated and equally important, the chaplaincy programs be initiated in schools for spiritual edification. The study considered the ethical considerations and respondents were explained the purpose of the study, guarded against plagiarism and respondents consent was sought.

Academic performance in Nyandarua Central sub-county has been dwindling for more than a decade now with no tangible cause got so far. Several educationists have been unable to unearth what ails it, mainly targeting teaching methods and improving them through Strengthening mathematics and science Education initiative, (SMASE), with no improvement and have left it to persist, prompting the locals to feel obliged to search for solutions to their problem. This study therefore sought to establish the influence of divorce on student's academic achievement in public secondary schools in Nyandarua Central sub- county, Kenya. The study was governed by Joyce Epstein’s theory of parental involvement in children’s academic achievement. The study used mixed methodology and concurrent triangulation design in data collection and analysis, by first clustering the twenty schools into day and boarding schools which have unique manifestation of extraneous causes and of non-performance in academics. The target population was secondary school students in public schools in this sub county are 12,800 of whom those that experience conflict at home number 4,661 and 960 parents and 600 teachers out of whom the sample was 270 students, 180 teachers and 240 parents. Data on performance was collected from progressive performance records of end tem examinations, while information on family conflict was gathered using questionnaires for students, teachers and parents and interview schedules for clarity and to increase response rate by busy respondents. Validity was done by the expert in the department and research. Reliability of the instruments was done by piloting and test retest administered Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha of 0.73 was realized. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively by graphs, percentages, frequencies. The packages for social sciences (SPSS 22), whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically, it was presented in narrative form. The results of this research showed an existence very high percentage 60% of administers agreed family set up influences academic achievement. The mean number of siblings of the respondents was 8.49 with a standard deviation of 1.37 siblings. A cumulative percentage of 91.0% of the respondents had up to 4 siblings. This implies most families have at most 6 members. The study concluded that the strong parental involvement is essential for educational progress and success. Consent of the respondets was sought. Based on the findings of the study the study recommended that: the society should strengthen family unit to reduce conflicts that pose challenges to pupil’s academic efforts. Parents should closely follow up children’s schools routines and coordinate with teachers, healthy dialogue, motivate and advice children on studies.

The purpose of this study was to establish the leadership skills employed by principal on student academic performance in public teachers training colleges in Lake Region, Kenya. This research therefore, targeted all 4 Principals, 4 Board of Management chair persons and 52 college HODs and 180 student leaders‟ total of 240 participants. The sampling technique applied here was convenient sampling for principals, BOM-chairmen and HODs for they were few hence all were considered 100 percent. Hence purposive sampling to select principals, BOM chairpersons and HODs. While 30 % was used to select student leaders whose population was 180. Stratified sampling technique was used to distribute the student leaders equitably to the four colleges (15-each) that also ensured gender equality and random sampling was finally used to select the participating sample. Questionnaires and interviews schedules were used in collecting data. The researcher ensured that these instruments were tested for reliability by using test re- test methods and validity by using suggestions from supervisors before setting out to collect data. Split-Half technique was employed for the test of reliability, the Pilot questionnaires were divided into two equivalent halves and their correlation co-efficient for the two halves computed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, describing the internal consistency of the test then if it showed that the instrument is reliable, correlation coefficient minimum of 0.65 was accepted as reliable. The researcher adhered to regulations and ethical considerations. The findings revealed that administrative council met (50%) both monthly and quarterly; he had facilitated strategic planning by monitoring and ensuring a high budget adherence as indicated by (75%) he as well ensured departments meet regularly by (75%). The study concluded that the Principals had time management skills. The study recommends that all Principals must be well trained on time management periodically because time is a key management skill. The researcher adhered to research ethics including plagiarism and getting the consent of respondents among others.

The culture of spending time at lapau (hanging out at a small tavern) is one of the traditions owned by Minangkabau people to talk about numerous things, from discussing the nation’s current affairs, problems at workplace, or any topics suitable to bring upon. There is an anecdote “apopun masalahnyo bisa disalasaian di lapau” (every problems can be solved in small tavern) which is very common in Minangkabau society. This paper will describe about melapau tradition: the persistence of Minangkabau custom in Medan. Taking qualitative approach along with descriptive method, this paper will explain the tradition of melapau as cultural reproduction from the hometown to the migration area abroad in the Minangkabau society. Furthermore, cultural sociological perspectives are used to reveal how the existence of melapau done by Minangkabau people in Medan, especially in Bromo, Kotamatsum, Sukaramai and Denai. This paper shows that melapau is a tradition still manifested in the hometown as well as abroad. This demonstrates a process of reproduction of Minangkabau culture in migration area/abroad. Various ideas, activities, and other habits that exist in the hometown are enacted again by the immigrants and Minangkabau men who were born in the City of Medan in different contexts. Melapau becomes a habitus for Minangkabau emigrants, therefore the emigrants reinvent the tradition of melapau and the ideas and activities involved in it. Lapau is an arena for fulfilling melapau habitus.

This study seeks to investigate the existence of ethnic differences in birth weight and cesarean deliveries amongst the ethnic groups in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study was a retrospective review research. University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt between 2003 and August 2008. The study was a retrospective review research involving a dataset of 1287 (Ibo n = 241, Ikwerre n = 316, Kalabari n = 322, Ogoni n = 200 and Yoruba n =208) culled from over 3560 live singleton births maternity records covering deliveries for five years (2003 - 2008) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital; Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistics software 2008 and the level of significance used was P < 0.05. Student T- test, One-way analysis of variances, Correlation analysis and Pearson chi square. There are significant differences P <-0.001 in the mean birth weights of the five ethnic groups. The prevalence of cesarean deliveries among the ethnic group was significantly associated with the Ibo ethnic group ( Ibo 12.45%, Ikwerre 11.07%, Kalabari 9.94%, Ogoni 7.50% and Yoruba 6.73%: X² = 12.25, df = 2, P = 0.003). The study revealed that the Ibo ethnic group has higher birth weight which may be the predisposing factor to higher percentage of Cesarean deliveries.

Abstract: The Purpose of the study was to EMG Analysis of Chest and Back Muscles and their Correlation with the Performance of Jump Tennis Service in Volleyball. Coverage/ Selection of Subjects: Universe of the Study: The study was confined to India only. Sampling Frame: Subjects were selected as a sampling frame from India only and their age was ranging from 16 to 28 years. Sampling Methods: Subjects were selected on the basis of purposively random sampling method. Sampling Size: A total of 12 male professional Volleyball players from India were selected for the study. Units of Observation: Observations were made on the following Variables/contents: Pectoralis Major (PMJ), & Trapezius (TP). Criterion Measures: Muscles activities during jump tennis service in volleyball were measured by Neuro Trac Myo Plus 4. The data was recorded in micro volt (µv). Statistical Techniques: The concerned data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical in order to electromyographic analyses of chest & back muscles during executing the jump tennis service in volleyball. In order to determine the relationship of selected (chest & back) muscles activities with the performance of jump tennis service in volleyball, Pearson Multiple Correlation Technique was used. The level of significance for the entire analysis was set at the 0.05 level. Conclusions: According to finding the study, Trapezius muscle showed the highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis servive in Volleyball. Pectoralis muscles showed the 5th highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis service in Volleyball. Only one muscles group that is Pectoralis is found correlated with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleyball. The insignificant relationship was found between back (Trapezius) muscles and with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleybali.

Abstract: The present study examined the associations and age-related development of motivational climate, achievement goals, enjoyment, technical skills, and body mass index (BMI) in young floorball players. The sample comprised 283 Finnish competitive male floorball players with a mean age of 11.49 ± .27 years in the beginning of the data collection. Players completed floorball-specific technical skill tests and questionnaires across two time points, twelve months apart. The path model showed that perceptions of task-involving climate positively associated with mastery-approach, performance-approach, and enjoyment, whereas perceptions of ego-involving climate related with mastery- and performance-approach and mastery- and performance-avoidance. The results indicated that players with higher BMI had higher mastery-avoidance and slower dribbling skill scores. However, the findings supported previous findings, as a player can have high mastery-approach and high performance-approach or high performance-avoidance at the same time. Finally, mastery- and performance-approach, performance-avoidance, dribbling skills, and passing test scores increased over time. In contrast, perceptions of task- and ego-involving climate, mastery-avoidance, enjoyment, and BMI remained stable. The findings indicated that task-involving coaching methods could enhance approach goals and enjoyment in young floorball players. All young floorball players, especially players with higher BMI could benefit, if they were encouraged to spend more time with a wide range of fundamental skill practices on their leisure time, not only during the organized sessions. This could increase their floorball-specific skills, and in turn, decline the negative perceptions of mastery-avoidance.

Abstract: This study aims at examining the dietary intake status of adolescent swimmers. It also compares nutrient intake against the recommended dietary allowances and its associated implications on athlete’s health. A total of 65 subjects aged between 11 to 18 years was purposively selected; 35 swimmers and 30 non-swimmers. A structured Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect data. Correlations between continuous variables, association between BMI of swimmers and non-swimmers were calculated using ANOVA. The χ² test was used to compare the nutrient intake with the RDA of control and experimental group. Swimmers were taller, heavier and had higher waist hip ratio to a non-swimmers. The experimental and control groups reported a significant BMI and MAC. Females in two groups consumed meat protein than their male counterparts despite that the groups had many non-vegans. Although not statistically significant, men's consumption of food stuffs was higher than women; with χ² reflecting 3.4897 and 6.4371 respectively at 5%. Comparing MAR and NAR from swimmers and non-swimmers, nutritional intake in both swimmers and swimmers were seen to be inadequate in calcium (93%; 97%), riboflavin (91.7%; 92.6%), zinc (71%; 78.5%), and absorbic acid (94.2%; 95.7%) whereas intake of iron (0.4%; 1.1%) and protein (8.3%; 12.2%) was found adequate except for few swimmers. The means for groups were 0.71 and 0.75 respectively indicating that one or more nutrients were lower than the RDA. Despite that most energy intakes from the subjects were higher than RDA, mean of male and female swimmers on total fibre and fat were below the recommended daily allowances though significantly statistical at 5% level as 2.2645 and 2.1732 respectively. Adolescents showed that they were not consuming less water compared to other drinks of water even after training sessions. A healthy diet throughout is important to provide nutrients that support optimal physical growth and cognitive development.

Lightweight concrete provides numerous benefits compared to conventional concrete, like reduction in dead load and operating costs. One of the prime methods of producing structural lightweight concrete is the utilization of lightweight aggregates. The relevance of waste substances as cement alternate or aggregates in concrete can help a solution in order to reduce negative influences of the concrete industry. One of the agricultural solid wastes derived from the industry of coconut is coconut shell (CS) which processes about 40% lower weight compared to normal weight aggregates. The paper reveals an investigation on the coconut shell as coarse aggregate as well as class F fly ash and sugarcane bagasse ash as complementary cementitious material to produce more environmentally adorable lightweight concrete. Based on the research outcome, the eco friendly structural lightweight aggregate concrete has the ability to be prepared by combining three kinds of waste substances: coconut shell as coarse aggregate and blended Class –F flyash and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a substitution for cement (by mass) up to 60%. The process of replacing the cement by blended Class –F flyash and sugarcane bagasse ash leads to density reduction.

Abnormal uterine bleeding is the most common complaint in gynecology. Dilatation and Curettage is a blind procedure. Hysteroscopy has ushered in a new era in the evaluation of abnormal uterine bleeding. By direct visualization of the uterine cavity it is able to pin point the etiology. This study evaluates the role of hysteroscopy in the diagnosis of Abnormal Uterine Bleeding and its correlation with histopathological findings. The Prospective study was conducted in Department Of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Mahatma Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences, a rural tertiary Hospital of Central India over a period of one year. A total of 50 subjects ,women of age group 30-60 years, in one year, having abnormal uterine bleeding were included in study .Prospective study was done to know hysteroscopic correlation with histopathology. In this study abnormal findings on hysteroscopy were found in 26 patients (52%), while in the remaining 24 patients (48%) no abnormality was detected. The results of hysteroscopy and dilatation and curettage were in agreement in 84% patients; hysteroscopy revealed more information than curettage in 12 % patients and curettage revealed more information than hysteroscopy in 4% patients. Hysteroscopy is an important diagnostic tool in evaluation of AUB and can be considered superior to curettage. It is a safe, reliable, feasible and quick procedure.

Reform of educational institutions is an ongoing process which constantly molds and refits curricula, teaching methodologies, and infrastructures to new content and shapes in order to meet the needs of continuously changing communities. Congruent with such statement, Morocco, as other states elsewhere, has undergone several reforms the last of which was in the academic year 2003/2004 with the introduction of the LMD system (Licence, Master, and Doctorate) to higher education. Such reform and its influence on English language teaching are the main concern of the current study. Informed by policy documents and evidence drawn from qualitative data collected through means of observations and interviews of students at Faculty of Letters and Human Sciences, Sais, Fez, the study revealed that, on the one hand, the new reform has brought an innovative curriculum; however, a number of acute problems impeded the effectiveness of the reform. The problems were mainly linked to lack and poor educational infrastructures, insufficient coverage of some subjects (say, ESP), and the lack of student academic advising program which is necessary for students to develop self-autonomy. The cumulative effects were high attrition rates and repetitions, poor learning outcomes, and generally mismatch between the goals of the reform and its outcomes.

The objective of this study is to understand the appropriateness of Samarinda Seberang, Loa Janan ilir and Palaran District to be supporting city/urban for East Kalimantan capital which is Samarinda. The research result shows: there are 10 people’s attention focus that become the attention priority about the sustainable urban city importance. There are 5 important things related to the plan of urban city establishment and the following is known from hypothesis result: there is no significant influence of central city to urban city, there is no significant influence of social factor to the establishment of urban city, there is no significant influence of economic factor to the establishment of urban city, there is no significant influence of politic factor to the establishment of urban city, there is no significant influence of land factor to the establishment of urban city, there is no significant factor of social factor to the establishment of urban city. There is significant influence of social factor to the establishment of urban city and from all of the predictors available only social factor that have a significant contribution to the establishment of urban city. These research recommend: sustainable urban city should involve society social factor in planning process of sustainable urban city blueprint. Local government should prioritize its attention to the importance of sustainable urban city. Infrastructure development acceleration is needed, by shifting priority scale to sustainable urban city area with a more appropriate budget portion corresponding to the capability of APBD, pay attention to environment impact analysis in giving business recommendation that will be conducted in certain area. Designing spatial city plan and transportation, planning activity function zone system in city’s area and supporting district. Designing waste disposal system and environment friendly waste that could be recycled, and designing flood controlling system by making cannals and avoiding river reclamation that is done without appropriate planning and pay attention to sustainable environment impact analysis.

This research work is shows the variability of solar parameters. The parameters that are solar radiation, sun intensity and temperature were optimized and predicted in other to investigate its influence in Permanent site of Federal Polytechnic, Oko, Anambra State, South Eastern part of Nigeria. The research was conducted for the period of five days, 6:00am to 6:00pm daily on 6th to 10th December, 2017. Measuring the intensity of solar radiation is one of the directions used at investigation of solar power and necessary for the implementation of photovoltaic systems in a particular geographical 'area. Instrument used for measuring the solar radiation is solarimeter which is based on the thermal or photovoltaic principles. The device harness two main components for measuring solar radiation, namely- direct radiation and diffuse radiation, with sensors based on the photovoltaic principles. The research tends to optimize and to develop the intended sun intensity and solar radiation principles and properties of the environs. From the optimization results, the maximum sun intensity of the geographical area is 957.620 w/m2 while the minimum sun intensity of the area is 2 w/m2. However, the maximum temperature of the geographical area is 39.4˚С while the minimum temperature of the geographical area is 18.8˚С. The average sun intensity of the case study is 356.644w/m2. The optimization technic employed will ensure the efficiency of solar radiation, sun intensity and temperature variability of the geographical area in study as a key to climatic issues and solar systems manufacturing.

With computer operations and mobile device technologies expanding, mobile cloud computing has been shaping up as the future of web-based communications. Data security has consistently been a major issue which restricts the further development in mobile cloud. Many measures have been undertaken to improve in cloud computing. As the mobile devices have finite resource and power most of the studies on cloud computing are not convenient on mobile devices. Hence it becomes requisite to diminish the computational overhead in mobile cloud computing. In this paper we come up with a scheme called as light weight data secure sharing scheme for mobile cloud. It embraces CP-ABE which is one of the most suitable technologies for data access control in cloud storage system but alters the framework of access control tree to make it appropriate for mobile cloud environments. External proxy servers are being introduced to reduce the computational overhead on mobile device. Attribute description fields are used to implement lazy revocation which depletes the user revocation cost. The investigational outcome unveils that LDSS is capable to decrease the overhead issues on the mobile device when the data is being shared in mobile cloud environment.