In this study EPANET, a widely used water distribution package was linked to OptiGa, a Visual Basic ActiveX control for implementation of genetic algorithm, through Visual Basic programming technique, to modify the computer software called OptiNetwork. OptiNetwork was applied to Badarawa / Malali distributionnetwork consisting of 96 pipes of different materials, 75junctions, two tanks, and a source reservoir (i.e treatment plant) from which water is pumped through a pumping main to the overhead reservoir and later distributed to the network by gravity. After several runs the cost obtained from this network using OptiNetwork software under the application of genetics algorithm is $433,520.00which is lower than $435,118.00 obtained from OptiDesigner software. This difference is approximately 3% lower than the result obtained from OptiDesigner (a commercial software) with minimum pressure head of 3m and maximum of 100, Pressure penalty of 200,000 and probability of mutation equal to 0.03, also the commercial diameters of 4”, 6”, 8”, 10”, 12”, 14”, 16” 18” 20’’, 22’’and 24’’ dmin =4”, dmax = 24” were used for the distribution network during the optimization process. The results obtained shows that the introduction of the modified software (OptiNetwork) is justified. This is because it has been able to improve the search method in terms of achieving the “least-cost” designed water distribution system that will supply sufficient water quantities at adequate pressure to the consumers.

Increased demand has driven the property business to grow and expand more rapidly. This has a positive impact on the national economy because it can increase the rate of economic growth through the level of investment. Behind its rapid development, the property business is extremely vulnerable to economic shock.. With Vector Error Corection Model (VECM) method, this study aims to see what macroeconomic variables influence the Residential property prices index as well as the magnitude of their contribution and how residential property price index respond to macroeconomic shocks. Macroeconomic variables used in this study such as economic growth, inflation, interest rates, money supply, and exchange rates. The results of this study show interest rates and economic growth does not significantly affect residential property price index on Jabodebek-Banten. The responses generated from the Impulse Response Function is different in each category. Meanwhile from the Forecast Error Variance Decomposition shows that the Money Supply, Exchange Rate, and Inflation has a big contribution on the shocks that occur in residential property price index in Jabodebek-Banten in various categories.

This work sets the objective of analyzing the impact that taxation can have on economic growth and poverty in Morocco. This analysis is conducted through a computable general equilibrium model where the macro-micro link is established. The splitting of the household agent into a quintile makes the model a powerful instrument for analyzing the effects of these policies on the behavior of the different classes of households.

The Labour Act 2003, Act 651 serves as guide to help foster a harmonious relationship between management and employees. It is paramount to acknowledge the significant role that Union activities have played. Amongst them are; bargaining on behalf of employees, bringing industrial harmony among employees and employers, serving as a guide and direction for employees to direct their grievances and many more. The study was to find out the impact of union activities on the performance of employees. The specific objectives of the study were: To identify the main strategies used by trade unions to protect the interest of members, to find out the benefits associated with joining trade unions and, to find out the effects of trade unions on workers performance. The significance of the study was to find out the socioeconomic good of workers at the Bawku Presbyterian Hospital and help unveil the problems associated with trade unions and its impact on their performance. The researchers through questionnaires used 70 respondents from the Bawku Presbyterian hospital who are members of Health Service Workers Union. Out of the findings 64% of the health workers said trade unions help workers to get their demands. The methodology used for the study was descriptive in nature. The findings of this study corroborate that of other researches that union activities have effect on workers performance at the workplace. Union activities have impact on the performance on work. This implies that it sounds appropriate for employers to put in place enough structure. Through that, industrial action will be reduced. Base on concrete satisfactory measures, it will be very difficult for workers to embark on strike action.

The historical weather datasets of different locations of India were complied for solar radiation, maximum and minimum temperatures and sunshine hours. Solar radiation is vital parameter, measured only at 35 meteorological stations all over the India. Our country, with diverse agro climatic zones, although covered by huge network of 550 Automatic Weather Stations but still faces the problem of acquisition of data related to key meteorological parameters. This paper aims to calibrate the coefficient of two equations: 1) Angstrom Prescott Equation [Rs= (a+b*n/N) Ra], which has input of sunshine hours data 2) Supit–Van Kappel Equation [H=Ho (a √Tmax-Tmin +b√ (1- Cw/8) +c), with the inputs of easily available temperature and cloud cover data, on the basis of 25 stations all over India representing diverse agro climatic zones. Extrapolation technique was used for the stations that are located within radius of 200 km. The relationship of solar radiation with square root of the difference in maximum and minimum temperatures was significant. The northern region showed greater range of predictability, i.e. 0.43 to 0.86 in winter; 0.19 to 0.82 in pre monsoon; 0.25 to 0.84 in monsoon and 0.40 to 0.89 in post monsoon which was statistically significant. The degree of prediction was higher for locations in northern and western regions, which was poor for all location in southern and eastern regions. The transmissivity of the atmosphere for global solar radiation under perfectly clear sky conditions is given as the sum of the regression coefficient a & b of Angstrom Prescott Equation. Also, the transmissivity of an overcast atmosphere is interpreted as the value of the intercept, a. From our regression constants (a = 0.23 and b = 0.38), it is observed that the atmospheric transmissivity under clear skies is 0.61. This result compares well with the value of 0.67 to 0.70 reported for the humid tropics [4]. The clear-sky transmissivity of most tropical regions in general seems to lie between 0.68 and 0.75 [1, 8].

Health status of the Pakistan population is growing aggravated. Incorporation of insalubrious regimen characterize by sedentary lifestyle, unhealthy intakes embracing tobacco products, soft drinks, junk food, mark as internal risk factors, accompanying the external exposures to air pollution, water contamination, ultra-violet radiation, garbage splaying characterizing insalubrious milieu, some of the sufficient cause for degenerative health status of population. Low conservation approach against these modifiable risk factors impel to frequent illnesses encounters which in absence of appropriate care mounting to serious conditions increase bombardment for secondary and tertiary care resulting high morbidity and mortality rate among masses. Article intends to highlight the frequent exposure to internal and external modifiable risk factors leading towards the escalated trends in incidence and prevalence of various acute and chronic diseases. Also embraces certain interventions likely to subdue insalubrious perils, trigger healthy regimen and signal positive outcomes in health status of the population. Article is based on literature review, formulated considering fact and figures, excerpted mostly of secondary sources. PubMed, DOIA browsed frequently to sieve most relevant content. Whole compilation phase has last for approximately 3 month dated June to August 2017.

This study focused on examining the effect of motivation on employee engagement in Nigerian Civil Service. The proxies for the motivation were intrinsic motivation and extrinsic motivation. The population of the study was made up of all the civil servants in the six states that make up the South-South zone of the country. Primary data were collected by the administration of copies of questionnaire to a sample size of 600 respondents who were selected using convenience sampling. Five hundred and eleven (511) copies of the questionnaire were completed and returned to the researchers. The data obtained were analysed using descriptive statistics and simple linear regression. Results show that there is significant relationship between intrinsic motivation, extrinsic motivation and employee engagement. Based on the results, it is concluded that there is significant relationship between motivation and employee engagement in Nigerian Civil Service. Consequently, it is recommended, among other things, that government should look into ways of better motivating their employees.

Umbilical/Epigastric hernia is a rather common surgical problem. Approximately 10% of all primary hernias comprise umbilical and epigastric hernias. In this study the complication rates of different mesh types which were used to repair umbilical/epigastric hernias were investigated. A retrospective chart review was performed of 86 patients who underwent ventral herniorrhaphy with either Composite Mesh ( CM, Group-1) or Dual Sided Mesh (DM, Group-1), were included in the study. Mean duration of follow-up was 22 months and no significant difference was demonstrated between groups in respects of hernia recurrence , wound complications ,mesh infection, infection requiring removal, development of bowel obstruction, or persistent pain or discomfort. On subgroup analysis there was no significant difference between complication and recurrence rates in respect of meshes of different trademarks. This study showed no significant difference between dual sided and composite meshes in respect of mesh-related complications

The descriptive term ‗Orofacial Granulomatosis‘ has been used for any granulomatous process of unknown etiology involving the oral cavity, which on lesional biopsy shows lymphodema and non- caseating granulomas. The diagnosis is based on exclusion of possible systemic diseases and conditions that are capable of producing similar histopathologic and clinical features. Orofacial granulomatosis can be a distinct clinical disorder or can be an initial presentation of an underlying systemic disease such as Crohn‘s disease or spectrum of related disorders that may go undetected for a long period of time.

The blood pressure changes are sometimes reflected by changes in Intra-ocular pressure. We in the present study tried to evaluate the changes in IOP with the change in blood pressures in borderline hypertensive to known hypertensive patients graded according to recent ACC/AHA guidelines of hypertension in male and female patients visiting Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad. The study was carried in the Department of General Medicine and Department of Ophthalmology. A total of (n=222) patients were involved in the study. Subjects with the history of glaucoma, ocular hypertension, corneal abnormalities or those who underwent ophthalmic surgeries were excluded from the study. Systolic blood pressure was determined at the point at which the Korotkoff’s sounds become audible (first phase) whereas the diastolic BP was measured at the point at which the sounds suddenly become faint (fourth phase of Korotkoff’s sounds). Blood pressure measurements were determined by taking the mean value of three readings at 30 minutes interval. The IOP was measured in the Department of Ophthalmology, of both eyes with help of Goldmann applanation tonometer using 2% fluorescein eye drops by the same examiner to avoid any difference. In this study, we included a total number of (n=222) patients out of which males were (n=120) 54.54% and female were (n=102). The mean age of the individuals involved in the study was 52.25 ± 12.5 years. The overall mean IOP in males was 18.85 ±6.65 [95% CI 17.7 ± 20.0] similarly the overall mean IOP in females was 17.54 ± 5.83 [95% CI 16.4 -18.7]. The differences between the IOP of male and female were statistically insignificant. The Pearson's correlation coefficient was measured for each subgroup of hypertension among the male the all the subgroups showed the positive correlation of IOP with blood pressure and a strong correlation was shown by Hypertension stage II. In females, the correlations were also positive in all subgroups however in hypertension stage II showed weak to the moderate correlation coefficient. There is a strong positive correlation between the blood pressure and IOP, especially in males. Considering IOP as one of the screening means of glaucoma detection we would recommend that every hypertensive patient undergo IOP check regularly to prevent glaucoma.

Emphasis on facial esthetics has become an integral part of dental treatment. There are many esthetic consequences of edentulism, among which facial disfigurement due to sunken appearance of cheeks and lips has a greater negative psychological impact on the individual. This clinical report describes an innovative, simple, effective and noninvasive procedure for fabrication of complete denture along with intraoral detachable cheek plumpers using Casted key and keyway to ensure a stable and aesthetic complete denture.

A colorimetric method was used for the determination of vitamin K1 phylloquinone in different plant extracts (Alchornea cordifolia, Aspilia Africana, Chromolaena odorata, Vernonia amygdalina). Benzene was used to extract the plants after drying and milling. The method of vitamin k determnation utilizes the coupling of 2,4-dinitrophenylhydrazine, in which a hydrazone of vitamin K, forms acid-salts in basic media giving blue coloured solutions that absorbs maximally at 635 nm. The results showed that Aspilia Africana 2.43 ± 1.56, Vernonia amygdalina 2.12 ± 1.11, Chromolaena odorata 6.36 ± 2.09, Alchornea cordifolia 8.31 ± 1.23 ug/g dry extract

This study aims to analyze factors affecting accounting student academic performance in the first year study, i.e., gender, learning motivation, experience in the accounting courses, activeness in the student organizations, and scholarship. Data collection was done in December 2017 and this study ended up with 125 students of the Accounting Department, Jenderal Soedirman University, Indonesia, as a sample. By using OLS Regression, the findings show that learning motivation has a positive significant influence on student academic performance, meanwhile, activeness in the student organizations influences negatively on student academic performance. Moreover, the rest of independent variables in this study do not have a significant influence on the student academic performance. With the limited number of sample, this study still contributes in the accounting education research area, particularly on factors affecting student academic performance.

Hydrogels have high affinity to absorb water due to the presence of hydrophilic group; Hydrogels can be prepared from both natural and synthetic polymer. Though the synthetic polymers are preferred more due to their less risk of immune response and less chances of viral and bacterial attack With increasing efforts devoted to controlled release of drug molecules, the application of hydrogels will continue to grow in future with its more relevantly and more efficiently applications, The success of hydrogels as delivery systems can be judged by several marketed preparations.

Physical inactivity is the biggest health problem of this millennium and promoting regular physical activity by primary care physicians is considered to have pivotal role to combat modern-day non-communicable diseases. This study aimed to assess the attitudes and barriers of primary care physicians toward promoting regular physical activity to patients in Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. This cross-sectional study was conducted between January 2015 and July 2015 at Prince Sultan Military Medical City Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Using a structured questionnaire, a total of 80 participating primary care physicians were evaluated for their attitudes and perceived barriers toward promoting physical activity to patients. The data were analyzed using SPSS software. Physicians considered health promotion in general (n = 78; 97.5%) and promoting physical activity - in particular (n = 80; 100%) constituted the overwhelming majors of the participants since they considered such promotion as an important part of the primary care. Advice to increase physical activity was given to patients by most participants and most considered themselves effective health promoters. Lack of time (n = 58; 72.5%), patients ignoring the physician’s recommendations (n = 52; 65%), and insufficient educational materials for patients (n = 43; 53.8%) were most frequently perceived as barriers to promoting physical activity by primary care physicians. The attitudes of primary care physicians were found to be consistent with expectations. However, consideration should be given to overcome perceived barriers to achieve health goals associated with promoting regular physical activity.