Nowadays, in China, English is regarded as a foreign language and college English courses are offered in nearly all the colleges and universities. However, teaching English in colleges inevitably exists some problems. During the teaching process, teachers mainly occupies the dominant position and students are short of communication with teachers and among students themselves, and part of teaching content is out of date and exercises are stereotyped, which lead to the imbalance in foreign language classroom ecology. Therefore, based on the perspective of eco-linguistics, the paper aims to explore strategies in college English teaching in order to build the ecological and harmonious college English classroom.

Various models have been developed to help firms analyze and evaluate the perfect dividend policy and there is no agreement between these schools of thought over the factors that affect dividend payout. The dividend policy decision is one of the most important decisions in any organization. This study sought to establish the factors that affect dividend payout of listed commercial banks in Kenya. Specifically profitability, liquidity, firm size and past dividend were determined if they affected dividend payout among listed commercial banks in Kenya. The study was based on the Bird in Hand Theory. A correlational research design was used to examine relationship among the variables. The target population for this study consisted of all listed commercial banks in Kenya. Purposive sampling procedure was used to select listed commercial banks for the study. The study employed secondary data which was obtained from the financial statements of the commercial banks for a period of five years ranging from 2012 to 2016.. The study showed that profitability, liquidity, firm size and past DPS accounted for 77.69% of variations in dividend payout for listed commercial banks. All the four factors were found to be significant in affecting dividend payout for the listed commercial banks. Profitability and past dividend per share were found to be positively correlated with dividend payout while liquidity and firm size were found to be negatively correlated with dividend payout. The researcher recommends more research to be done taking into consideration other factors. These include factors such as the commercial banks management, legal environment and competition within the banking industry.

Plant growth promoting microorganisms (PGPM) are the rhizosphere bacteria and Vesicular Arbuscular Mycorrhizal spores (VAM) that enhance plant growth and suppress plant diseases.The current study was carried out at Ahmed Orabi Agricultural Cooperative Association, Ismailia, Egypt, to investigate the efficient antagonistic bacterial isolates and VAM against Fusarium wilt disease in pepper plant under filed experiment. A total of 49 bacterial isolates were isolated, out of which 4 (P1, P11, P19 and P42) were selected based on their antagonism of phytopathogens. Phylogenetic analysis of 16SrRNA sequences identified these isolates as new strains of Bacillus subtilis, Bacillus aerius, Achromobacter xylosoxidans and Lysinibacillus fusiformis. The selected isolates produced high levels siderophore and hydrogen cyanide. Disease symptoms, disease index percent, phytochemicals and Metabolic indicators of resistance in plant as response to induction of systemic resistance (SR) in pepper plants were recorded. VAM and P42 were the best isolates and reduced percent disease indexes by 10 and 15 % respectively. P11, and PGPR (P1, P11, P19, P42) gave the same result 17.5%. and came next P19, (VAM+PGPR) and P1 which recorded 20,22.5and 30 % respectively. The beneficial effects of the used elicitors were extended to increase not only total phenol, total soluble protein content but also the activities of peroxidase and polyphenoloxidase enzymes in comparison with control. At the same time, the results appeared that pepper infected plants treated with applied elicitors showed variation in number, molecular weight of protein bands as well as variability in number of polypeptide peroxidase and polyphenol oxidase isozymes in the leaves.

A total of 70 actinomycetes strains were isolated from dams and caves of Hadhramout –Yemen and screened for their anti-bacterial activity based on their color and activity against bacterial pathogens. Twenty isolates have shown activities against pathogenic bacteria. Fourteen isolates (70%) showed activity against Bacillus subtilis by agar disk diffusion, twelve isolates (60%) showed activity against Staphylococcus aureus and fifteen isolates (75%) showed activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The activity was minimal against Escherichia coli, having only 8 isolates (40%). Nine isolates were highly active with an inhibition zone more than 25 mm in diameter. Most of the isolates inhibited growth of tested Gram negative and Gram positive bacteria.

Abstract: Teachers of English as a Foreign Language (EFL) or English as a second Language (ESL) context worldwide always strive hard to uphold their quality teaching by preparing their learners fit for the real life. Now-a-days, in communicative classrooms, teachers and learners enjoy friendly environment where they can contribute equally i.e. learners have the scopes to share their feelings with teachers without hesitation that helps to broaden the path of successful learning. At the same time, in the present world the views of the learners are considered with greater importance by teachers and educators as they believe in learner autonomy for effective teaching and learning. If the learners can contribute promptly and the teachers can adjust their mode of instructions accordingly, both the parties will be able to complete their language mission rewardingly. This paper aims to find out learners’ insights on the responsibilities of a language teacher for an effective classroom, collecting information through a group wise classroom discussion activity participated by university level learners (67 participants) of Bangladesh Agricultural University, which may add some values in the field of EFL research, especially in Bangladesh.

The overall goal of the Pre-school (Early Childhood Education Development) investment programme is to enhance access, equity and quality of education for all Kenyan children aged 3-5 years, especially the most vulnerable living in ASALs, urban slums and pockets of poverty. The importance of Preschool Education includes development of mental functions of children in areas such as language, motor skills, psychosocial, cognitive and learning. This study was designed to evaluate the effect of learning resources in public pre- schools pupil enrolment in Kenya. The study target population was 45 Head teachers, 91 Teachers and one DICECE Programme officer. Simple random sampling, stratified and purposive sampling technique were used in choosing the sample size in Eldoret East Sub-County, Kenya. The data of the study was collected using questionnaires and checklist. The obtained data was analyzed using thematic approach, Pearson’s Product Moment Correlation and Simple linear regression. The findings indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between learning resources and pupil enrolment level this implies that with every unit increase in physical infrastructure there is increase in the enrolment level. It is recommends that the ministry of education should establish community related factors and psychosocial factors across the pre-school education sector. It is hoped that the findings of this study will be of great importance to policy makers on understanding the best strategies that will promote efficacies in the administration of Pre-School Education.

This study was conducted to understand the influence of the common food storage and environmental practices affecting the dimensions of the food security of the people in Adjumani district. The study covered a sample of 150 respondents who are farmers and the data were collected through a questionnaire and personal interview using both probability and non-probability sampling technique. Designing field data recording sheets was done before data collection and data collection was done with appropriate quality control. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Scientists. The results indicated that the people of Ciforo sub- county, Adjumani district have poor food storage system where the majority 73% (see table 1) store their food reserve in the huts in which they sleep forcing them to sell off the food reserve and the majority 58% of the farmers produce less than 1 ton of food per year on average (See table 3). This indicates that the farmers have poor food levels where the average majority 61.67% of the respondents disagreed that their households have food availability, food stability, ability to access and utilize appropriate levels of food in their households from April to June every year (see table 2). Based on these findings the study recommended that sensitization of the community about poor storage facilities leading to post harvest losses affecting food levels. Government should also enact laws and policies at national level to make agriculture attractive to farmers by revamping cooperatives that should provide support for post-harvest management.

Most public pre-school centres in Kenya have stalled educational programmes marked by irregular and delay of teachers’ salaries, inconsistent feeding programmes, poor physical infrastructure and unclear educational policy guidelines. Therefore it is clear that financial management strategies are crucial for efficiency to be realized in finances in Pre-school centres. This study was guided by the following objectives: To establish existing planning strategies in the financing public pre-school education and to examine alternative planning strategies for financing public pre-school education in Eldoret East Sub-County. This study adopted a descriptive survey design. The study targeted 1 sub-county education officers, 174 Head Teachers, 174 Pre-school teachers and 174 SMC chairpersons in the Eldoret East Sub- County. It used a purposive sampling for the 1 sub-County educational officers and simple random sampling for the 52 Head Teachers, 52 Pre-school teachers, 52 and 52 SMC chairpersons. The researcher used questionnaires and interview. Data was presented using tables and figures. The study findings indicated that there was a significant relationship between planning strategies employed and financing public pre-school education. The study recommends that there is need for Pre-school management committee to plan for resources early enough before spending to curb waste.

Teacher’s instructional materials and Educational Physical facilities are key inputs required to accelerate effective learning. The Government of Kenya sets aside a considerable amount for capital investment, this is through teacher training and remuneration.This study established the teachers’ work load in public primary school for global Competitiveness and also determined the impact of FPE funds on resource improvement in public primary schools.The study was anchored on educational production function theory. Descriptive Survey Design was adopted which utilized the questionnaire, interview schedule and document analysis to gather information from a sample of 920 respondents from 40 schools who took part in the research. The Study used Stratified proportionate sampling, simple random sampling, systematic sampling and purposive sampling procedures to select the sample for the study. Data was analysed descriptively using output from SPSS version 17.0 in terms of; Frequency distribution tables, mean, standard deviation and percentage distribution techniques to establish the variations in independent and dependent variables. The findings of this study established that overcrowded classes, heavy workload, insufficient toilets and inadequate provision of physical facilities hampered the efforts by teachers to provide quality education in Kenya. This study recommends that provision of teacher proficiency courses should be streamlined and accelerated, teacher distribution should be balanced in the district for maximum utilisation of the teacher resource, existing facilities be expanded to gather for the influx of pupils and the teaching/learning resources in schools be utilized to the maximum.

This article explores the history of political system of Memba from mid19th century to mid 20th century A.D. The paper also presents a lucid account of the factor that shaped political changes in the Menchuka region in the mid twentieth century’s. The paper covers the history of its geographical and political position prior to India independence. The paper shed light on the following question. What was the position of Menchuka before 1952? What was the political set up of Menchuka? What role did Tibetan authority play in the appointment and functioning of Deb in Menchuka? What were the various function played by Deb? And what was the function of subordinate official called Chim in Menchuka?.

Abstract: Vitamin E group of vitamins consist of varying proportions of tocotrienols based upon the natural sources. The major health benefits are associated by the tocotrienols while their isomers, tocopherols, exert antioxidant properties. The two subgroups of vitamin E share many distinct biological activities. In vitro and in vivo mice studies suggested that tocotrienols are critical in mediating anticancer, anti-inflammatory, lipid lowering, radio protection and neuro protection functions. Numerous human studies showed the evidence that tocotrienols can be supplemented to reach high concentrations in whole blood but desired pharmacological activity is questionable. Bioavailability and further bio distribution depends upon the food in stomach, health condition of the patient and other metabolizing and excretion parameters. In this current review, we have a discussion about few human studies that were conducted to show the value of tocotrienol supplementation in cancer prevention and treatment.

Abstract: The aim of this study was to ascertain the pollution status of Ekerekana (EKE) and Okochiri rivers channels in Okirika Local Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria. These creeks and river channels are receptacle to waste water effluent of Port Harcourt Refining Company situated at Eleme in Rivers State. Chemical and bio-monitoring was done. This involved the assessment of Condition Factor, Health Assessment Index and Histological assessment of target organs in qualitative and semi- quantitative (SQHA) scenario. Fish harvested from the experimental site (OKO) were compared with Fish harvested from a control site – African Regional Aqua-Culture Centre (ARAC). Results showed that the Environmental Water Quality Index for EKE (9.0) and OKO (35.9) were both poor with abnormal levels of temperature, conductivity, pH, Dissolved Oxygen (DO) at EKE and conductivity, salinity and Cd at OKO. Gross Anatomical Assessment showed that CF for OKO (1.9) was greater than ARAC (1,8), HAI for OKO (83.6) was greater than ARAC (18). QHA showed higher % prevalence in histological alteration in Gills, liver and Kidney of fish from OKO than ARAC. Histological alterations were consistent with toxicological study of exposure to similar substances. SQHA showed that OKO (30.3) had a higher fish index value than ARAC (7.7). Indicating that fish from OKO had pronounced alterations of organ tissue (class 4 = index value 26-35), while ARAC had slight histological alterations (class 1 = index value <10). It was concluded that EKE and OKO creeks and river channels were polluted and aquatic lives were seriously under threat.

This work explores the nature and origins of Haitian epistemology, the lens through which Haitians consciously and unconsciously come to know, interpret, and make sense of the known and unknown world around them, and its aesthetics. The article posits that Haitian epistemology, Haitian/Vilokan Idealism, is a transcendental idealist and realist philosophy/epistemology that developed out of the demystification and ever-increasing rationalization of the African (spiritual) worldview (Vilokan/Vodou) of the majority of the inhabitants of the island, and its aesthetics is grounded in the distinction between the noumenal world of Vilokan and the phenomenal one of lived-experience and their dialectical interaction.

Abstract: Jacques Derrida is among influential Post Structuralist philosophers. Post structuralism is the major subdivision of contemporary western philosophy. This doctrine fundamentally seeks to attain justice (balance) of language and culture as far as acquisition and development in use is concerned. This phenomenon started to be felt in 1970s. Philosophers under this doctrine from time to time raised questions on problems of language and culture, which in turn do not have clear answers. This has given individuals ability to conceptualize the language and culture in a subjective facet. Derrida in his essay “Force of Law, The Mystical Foundation of Authority” addresses the problem of “Deconstruction” as fundamental question regarding the justice and law. Deconstruction is a sub category of Post Structuralism philosophical movement pioneered by Derrida, which attain to critic outlook over the relationship between text and meaning. This paper utilizes documentation as the major source of information. We expound philosophies and there relevance in bestowing knowledge on our societies especially on deconstruction phenomenon. In this work, we discuss the possibility and or limitations of justice and law in the process of reading, interpreting and judging of work/text. The paper concludes that, Philosophy especially Post Structuralism paved a way to humanistic approach, which open our minds to attain new judgments and level of understanding.

The study aimed to examine the impact of knowledge management on supply chain performance. To achieve such goal a self-administrate questionnaire was designed and distributed over a sample amounting 110 subjects. The study concluded that There is a statistically significant impact at (α<.05) of knowledge management (knowledge creation, knowledge acquiring, knowledge storage, knowledge sharing, and knowledge application) on supply chain performance. The study recommended that telecommunication companies in Jordan are requested to motivate their employees to exchange and share knowledge to get the best benefit for all. Knowledge mangement has an impact on supply chain mangement.