Evaluation of strategies in Kenya may be done either quantitatively or qualitatively. This is to ascertain whether the process of implementations will succeed in attaining the educational objectives or not. This study sought to investigate the implementation dynamics of strategic plans in secondary schools in Masaba north-sub County, Nyamira County, Kenya the specific objectives of the study were to assess the effect of leadership style on implementation of strategic plans in Masaba North sub county, secondary schools. The study used descriptive research design to get the information under investigation. The target population consisted of 31 Principals, 31 BOM chairpersons, and 31 PTA chairpersons. The study used purposive sampling and simple random sampling. The research instruments used to collect data was questionnaires. The questionnaires were made up of close-ended questions. Data collected was analyzed quantitatively. For descriptive statistics, frequency tables, and percentages were used, while for inferential statistics, the researcher used regression analysis The findings of the study show that school Leadership style played an important role in implementing the strategic plans since there was a team that was supposed to steer ahead the formation and implementation of the strategic plans. The Education policy makers would find this study useful in formulating educational policy that would enable the schools to improve on strategic planning process and also in addressing the critical issues that may be affecting public secondary school education in the Country.

Using cement dust in asphalt mixing can have many environmental advantages. Before widely adapting cement dust in asphalt paving, trial sections and adequate provisions should be provided. By pass cement dust is proposed within this research as an alternative to traditional mineral filler in hot mix asphalt (HMA). The effect of using waste cement dust as mineral filler on the Marshall properties of hot mix asphalt was investigated. The optimum cement dust content was determined. Five asphalt concrete mixtures with various cement dust contents, namely; 0%, 30%, 50%, 70% and 100% by weight of the filler were studied. Laboratory testing has revealed an enhancement in Marshall when cement dust was used. Marshall testing results have indicated an increase in the stability, unit weight and a decrease in the flow, voids ratio and voids in mineral aggregates when the percentage of cement dust content increases. The optimum cement dust ratio was found to be 100% of the used mineral filler. Hence, cement dust can totally replace filler in asphalt paving mixtures.

This article compares the educational systems of Iran and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan, critically reviewing the sources of secondary sources associated with these two countries. It examines and compares the history of education in Pakistan and Iran, the law, the school level and structure of education, universal primary education, quality of education, language and women's education. This comparison reveals the rapid development of Iran in education, especially after the revolution, while Pakistan lags far behind Iran in the field of education. Therefore, this article also highlights the status quo and shortcomings of Pakistan's education system.

Vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs) have become a hot research area over the past few years. The main purpose of VANETs is to improve traffic safety, traffic efficiency, and driving comfort. Particularly, traffic safety attracts the great attention of government, academia, and industry, because it is the most critical aspect of VANETs related to human lives. Therefore, many safety applications in VANETs have been proposed and investigated. However, how to guarantee the reliability of safety applications in VANETs is a big challenge, considering its natures of vehicle mobility and ad-hoc connection. In this paper, we provide an overview of VANETs for safety applications. Then, we discuss the specific reliability requirements in VANETs and the corresponding quality of service (QoS) metrics. Furthermore, based on these requirements and metrics, we analyse and evaluate whether or not current VANETs are able to support safety applications with stringent reliability requirements. New insights into potential enhancements from perspective of both new dynamic QoS requirements and radio resource sharing are provided and discussed. Finally, we illustrate future research directions to improve the reliability of VANETs for safety applications.

Botriomycome exceptionally reveals an infectious bone site. We report a case of botriomycoma revealing tuberculosis osteitis of the tibia in a 38-year-old man without particulars antecedents, who consulted for a cutaneous lesion at the 1/3 proximal of the left leg evolving over 4 months, with bone involvement in imaging, in whom the histological examination of the cutaneous and bone lesions allowed the diagnosis of botriomycoma on an underlying tuberculosis osteitis. Following surgical management associated with anti-tuberculosis treatment, the outcome was favorable. Botriomycoma is a well-known but little reported entity in the literature. It is a benign tumor that often reveals an underlying infectious but rarely bone site. Our case is the first in which this tumor allows us to discover tuberculosis osteitis of the tibia.

Bio-fuels are the most promising renewable energy which may provide a viable mode of alternative system and can be a real substitute to fossil fuels. Nevertheless, this technology ought to overcome a number of hurdles before it can compete in the fuel market and can be broadly organized. Consequently, the present research was attempted to evaluate the esterified oil obtained from „Gingili (Sesame) seed‟ (botanically called Sesamum indicum, L. belongs to family Pedaliaceae) for various physico-chemical parameters followed by performance of diesel engine with variable blends. Accordingly, the oil generated from the seeds of Gingili was subjected for transesterification with methanol in presence of catalyst NaOH. The fuel properties of Gingili (Sesame) bio-diesel can meet up with the specification of ASTM such as, Color (pale brown), Specific Gravity at 150 C0.88, Kinematic viscosity@400C 5.22, Cetane number 53.20, Sulphur, wt% 0.0083, Cloud point 12, Pour point -10, Lower Heating Value (KJ/Kg) 40676.848, Flash point 2400C, Fire point 1840C. Further, an imperative performance of diesel engine was recorded with increase in ratio of fuel blends of 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% & 50% respectively. In addition, the comparative analysis was also carried-out between both Gingili (Sesame) bio-diesel and petroleum diesel with diesel engine system at variable loads and the performance characteristics of the engine were analyzed. The engine test results showed significant thermal efficiency in Gingili biodiesel compared to petroleum diesel with respect to performance and emission parameters. The emission parameters like, Carbon monoxide (CO), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx), hydrocarbons (HC) was found to be low when compared to petroleum diesel. In conclusion, Gingili biodiesel found to be most significant source as compared to petroleum diesel on the basis of over all performance and emission parameters deliberated via analysis.

The term „predatory publishing‟ was coined by Jeffery Beall in 2010 for the journals; unprofessionally exploit the open access model for profit. He also developed a list of predatory publishers called as Beal‟s list. India emerged as a world‟s largest base of predatory publishers followed by U.S.A and Nigeria according to a recent research. Hence the present study was aimed to assess the knowledge and awareness of faculty members of three different dental colleges in India regarding predatory publishing.A cross sectional survey was performed in three different dental institutions with the consent of the ethical board of our Institute. The study was designed in a questionnaire form which was used to assess the awareness and knowledge of dental academicians of three different dental institutes of Jaipur city regarding predatory publishing. In addition printouts of Beall‟s list were given to the faculty and asked whether they had already published their papers in the journal given in the list. The data accumulated were grouped and analyzed. Total of 121 faculty members of three different colleges were grouped according to their rank in the department and analyzed. 30.5% of the faculty members were aware about predatory journals. Higher proportions of professors and readers were aware about predatory publishing comparing to senior lecturers. On publication, it was found that 52% of the faculty members published their papers in predatory journals. Adequate knowledge of dental academicians towards this unethical practice is mandatory because predatory journals may take away not only your money but also your prestige and academic reputation.

The purpose of this paper is to examine the Information and communication technology (ICT) challenges are being faced by the small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in the service sector of Pakistan. Quantitative research methodology is adopted by using the close ended questionnaire as a data collection tool. For the purpose of this study, nine challenges which are well documented in the literature being faced by the service industries in Pakistan are hypothesized. Out of these nine challenges, six are being accepted; however, three are rejected in the light of the responses received from the stakeholders. The accepted assumptions are unavailability, complexity of technology, limited speed of broadband, unskilled staff, frequent disconnection, and incomplete online payment process evaluated, those variables significantly influence to the performance & growth of SMEs in Pakistan. On the other hand, the results also indicate that affordability, lack of trust and cyber threats assumptions rejected. Since all these variables categorized in to three main factors i.e are ICT access, ICT infrastructure, and ICT securities. Additionally, the results indicate that these three factors are significant influenced on the performance of SMEs. Finally, findings of this study suggest that government need to empower ICT infrastructure on the basis of regional uniformity, and provide flexible policy regulations for creating strong bridge between SMEs and ICT, so that to minimize challenges and can contribute more in the development of country.

This sociological research analysis was conducted during the year 2017 in the month of August to December. This study explored some factors in relation to alcohol & tobacco use among labourer class (from 18 years – below 50) age group. The present case study has been done on labour class working in the organized & unorganized sector and was carried out in an industrial town of Baddi, Himachal Pradesh which is known as the pharmaceutical capital of India. This study was focused on the socio-economic implication of alcohol & tobacco on the life of industrial worker’s family. The purposive sampling was used to decide the samples and three case studies were carried out with the help of some focused group discussion conducted with the community members. The target population was the user (both alcohol & tobacco) & one of the family members residing with him/her. This involved purposively chosen families who narrated the stories about alcohol & tobacco and it’s harmfully impacts on them. These families helped the researcher to observe some qualitative findings based on these two intoxicants. The present result suggested that socio-cultural, religion-custom, beliefs factors played an important role in context with alcohol & tobacco consumption. This affects the marriage stability, emotional well-being of the child, user’s behaviour, misuse of these two intoxicants.

Abstract: Essential oil of Fagara macrophylla from DR Congo was tested for antihemolytic, radical scavenging and antibacterial activities. The extraction gives an essential oil yield of 1.08 %, density of 0.7066 and refractive index of 1.4721 20°C. Aqueous and methanolic extracts showed high antisickling activity with the normalization rate (NR), the minimal concentration of normalization (MCN) and the concentration that normalized 50% of RBC (ED50) for aqueous extract of respectively 93%, 8µg/mL and 0.43µg/mL and for the methanolic extract NR, MCN and ED50 are respectively of 91%, 12µg/mL and 0.60µg/mL. The essential oil showed no antisickling activity but weak antihemolytic and radical scavenging activities. The F macrophylla essential oil showed higher bacterial activity on Staphylococcus aureus than the two antibiotics used as standards (Meropenem, Ceftriaxone).

This study was done in Arusha Municipality to find out relationship between Christian Parenting and Employment in SDA perspective. Objectives which guided this study were; to investigate the problems of Christian parenting in SDA Church perspective in Arusha municipality, to find out ways in which parents will balance Christian parenting and employment in SDA perspective in Arusha municipality and to recommend a model of a better balance of employment and Christian parenting in SDA perspective in Arusha municipality. The study employed qualitative approach which dealt with perspectives and believes of SDA believers on how they view relationship between Christian parenting and employment. Five Pastors from Arusha municipality, five Lectures from the University of Arusha, 25 church elders and church member from five SDA churches in Arusha municipality were purposive selected to represent other DSAs in Arusha municipality in regard to this topic. Findings showed that Christian parenting and employment are related and parents are not supposed to ignore employment because of situation analysis of the contemporary world; moreover they are not supposed to overlook parenting responsibilities because of the busy world of employment, both are needed in the family cycle. Therefore parents should balance by establishing self employment, or mothers may retire from work during first eight years of their children and also mothers may look for employment after eight years of their children.

W.H Auden belongs to Key 1930s and Philip Larkin belongs to The Movement. Even though they belong to different genres of poetry, they have some similarities and differences. In the early age, Philip Larkin was influenced by W.H Auden. Through W.H Auden’s poem, Larkin sought his own voice. Therefore this paper makes a comparison between W.H Auden and Philip Larkin. From this paper we will have a clear understanding on their differences as well as similarities. According to the comparison, it will help us understand the two poets more clearly.

Resilience is the process by which one is capable of managing stress or trauma. The young adult individuals have their own capacities that they use to deal with obstacles and their problems and eventually to go on with their lives. Resilience can be most useful in traumatic situations like parental death. This paper studies the literature to understand the effects that parental death causes on early adult population and the different sources that help an individual in being resilient. Parental death has seen to cause various effects like decreased competency, depressive symptoms, low psychological well-being, increased binge eating, etc. among individuals. Supporting others, using our strengths, family support, coping styles have been found in various studies as important factors in being resilient. Thus it is necessary to study, find out and make available to the aforementioned vulnerable population, especially in India the different activities, factors or techniques of building resilience. This would help them overcome situations through understanding resilience as a protective factor.

India, near to fertility transition, received a large demographic dividend which has already started. At present more than 64% „economically active‟ people live in India, popularly known as „demographic dividend‟. In near future „window of opportunity‟ will convert to „burden‟ due to increasing percentage share of elderly population in demographic architecture. India will enjoy the demographic dividend for next twenty five to thirty years. So augmentation of job in industrial economy and skill development programme should be prime focus. In this regard “Coordinated Action on Skill Development” with three-tier institutional structure is an important Governmental initiative since eleventh five year plan. Unfortunately the scheme failed to fulfill its training target each and every year and the people are less interested because after completion of successful training employment is not guaranteed. Above all the industrial growth is the key of succession. Government should review industrial policy and emphasized on manufacturing industries. Small and medium scale industries should encourage in small urban centers and in country side. Otherwise 64 percent economically active population will not be considered as dividend.

The study assessed the Information and Communication Technology (ICT) competencies possessed by students of Teacher Education Department, Niger Delta University, Bayelsa State, Nigeria. It adopted a descriptive survey design. Six research questions guided the study. Two hundred (200; 82 males and 118 females) teacher education students formed the sample of the study; the sample comprised fifty (50) students from each level. A validated fifty-nine (59) items on a four point Likert scale questionnaire titled Students’ Competencies on Information and Communication Technology (SCICT) was used for data collection. Cronbach Alpha was used to establish the reliability index of the instrument as 0.71. The data collected were analyzed with frequency, simple percentage and mean. It was found that respondents possessed competencies in basic computer knowledge, word processing and electronic communication and fair in spreadsheet, power point and multimedia applications. It was recommended, among others, that students in Teacher Education Department should be given sufficient training on how to use ICT in their academic studies.