A simple, precise and gradient RP- HPLC method has been developed and validated for Aciclovir raw and in tablet formulation. The proposed method was validated to obtain official requirements including accuracy, linearity, precision, selectivity and stability. The estimation was developed on C(18) column reversed-phase using the mobile phase composition as Phosphate buffer: methanol in the ratio (60:40 %. v/v). 1ml /minute was the flow rate and the maximum absorption were observed at 290 nm using Shimadzu SPD-20A Prominence UV-Vis detector. Aciclovir showed a precise and good linearity, the concentration range was 5-25 μg/mL. The RP-HPLC, assay showed the highest purity ranging 99.59 to 100.97% for Acyclovir tablet formulation. 100.19 % was the mean percentage purity. The Aciclovir retention time was found to be 3.01 minutes. The method accuracy was showed by statistical analysis.

Calcitonin is a sensitive tumor marker for medullary thyroid cancer and is useful in preoperative diagnosis and postoperative surveillance for recurrent disease. Rare cases of medullary carcinomas with a normal or undetectable calcitonin levels have been reported in the literature. We present the case of a 46-year-old woman with a metastatic thyroid carcinoma non-secreting calcitonin

Medicated soaps for external uses are necessary to avoid related infections or diseases caused by some microorganisms. In the present study, four medicated soaps: Dettol, Protex, Dermoviva, and AB+ were investigated for their antimicrobial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Salmonella sp and Candida albicans. Marseille soap was used as control. The antimicrobial effectiveness of selected medicated soaps was determined using paper disc and well methods. Soaps tested in the present research work showed varied levels of activity against the tested microbes. Among them, AB+ was the most active product, while Protex showed the lowest activity against the tested organisms’ species.

The purpose of the study was to establish the extent to which school feeding programmes influence performance of learners in primary school education in Baringo County. The study concludes that feeding programs enhance pupil’s participation in class assignment duties and discussion. There are only a few meals provided during the day hence pupil do not fully participate in class work rendering to low performance, the healthy pupils in the center are always active and perform well in the exam and a feeding program is important than other factors towards the improved performance. The findings of this study may be of use to the various primary schools for it would assist them understand better the issues related to school feeding programmes. This would see school managers in the various centres provide learners with balanced feeding programs and create awareness to parents on its importance to proper learning and holistic development of their children. The study would also go a long way to helping the government in making relevant policy to safeguard the wellbeing of primary school learners by providing well-balanced feeding programs to these centres as well as budgetary allocation to the same.

This study examines the pattern of stock returns in the Indonesian stock market. Using the GARCH (1, 1) model, the study investigates the effects of day-ofthe-week, month-of-the-year and monthly on the daily return series from January 2003 to August 2008. The study also examines the combined effect of the three anomalies. Overall, stock returns are found to be lower at the beginning of the week but closed higher by the end of the week. The stock returns are also found to be lower during the first quarter of the year but they register higher returns throughout the remaining months of the year, particularly towards the end of the year. The stock returns consistently produced significant positive returns on Wednesday throughout the month of April and May. Although evidence of significant positive returns is also found on other days within certain months, they do not prevail throughout the entire month. They are confined either to the first or second half of the month. The presence of seasonal effects in the Indonesian stock market indicates that market participants have the chance of making significant returns when trading on the specific days of the months. However, the abnormal gains are subject to the transaction cost which is not accounted for in this study.

Dermatoglyphics is the branch of science concerned with the study of prints on the fingers, palm, soles, and feet. This branch of science is an offshoot of anatomical sciences. Dermatoglyphics as an aspect of science has been studied widely by lots of ardent researchers and have been used to solve lots of problems relating to peoples’ identity and ancestry. Although, dermatoglyphics can be studied at three levels (1, 2, and 3) only level 1 (arches, loops, and whorls) have been explored. 99.9% of the works on dermatoglyphics is at level 1 but no Nigerian indigenous works have been done at level 2 (bifurcations, trifurcations, bridges, ridge ending, enclosures, dots, opposed bifurcations, double bifurcations, island etc). This raises the question, what about level 2 and 3 study? There exist a large vacuum at level 2 dermatoglyphics which should be filled by researchers especially indigenous authors which will help create database for level 2 details in Nigerian population. This to large extent could be used to solve problems relating to ancestral origin which has become an issue in most African populations especially Nigeria. This review serves to help provide a step by step procedure to doing a study on dermatoglyphics at level 2 in Nigerian indigenous populations and Africa at large. The review of papers on this subject serves to expose the gap in this area as compared to the several works done at level 1 and to spore researchers to do more studies on this subject to raise an indigenous data bank for Nigerian populations

Employees are the major drivers of any form of business and good employee performance is the most important need for the current competitive business environment to run successfully. Many organisations have started to attach a great emphasis towards the attitudes of workers towards the various instruments they use for performance appraisals. Performance Management and Performance Appraisal are very important tools; it helps to motivate employees to work hard and improves overall company’s productivity. The need to design instruments that motivate the employees through the entire of performance management process cannot be overemphasized.

Ankylosing spondylitis and rheumatoid arthritis are the most common chronic inflammatory rheumatism. Their localization at the level of the hip stresses severely the functional prognosis. We report a retrospective series of 40 total hip prostheses performed in 32 patients with inflammatory coxitis, collected in the Traumatology and Orthopedics Department at the Mohammed V Military Hospital in Rabat between 2008 and 2016. The average age at the time of the intervention was 42 years with a clear male predominance. All patients were followed in consultation with a clinical and paraclinical examination. Coxitis following ankylosing spondylitis is the most frequently encountered in our series (65.6%). The rating of Postel Merle d'Aubigné was used to assess the functional status of the hip before and after surgery. The total hip prosthesis was cementless in 37 cases and cemented in 03 cases. The clinical results for the 32 patients after a mean follow-up of 04 years were very satisfactory in (88%) of the cases. The objective of this study is to evaluate our functional results and to show the interest of total hip arthroplasty in this type of pathology, in order to improve the quality of life of these often young patients

Family planning is widely acknowledged as an important intervention towards achieving Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) three (4) and five (5) as it has proven to reduce maternal and child mortality. Family planning can prevent unwanted pregnancies and unsafe abortions. The aim of this study was to determine various factors that influence the uptake of modern family planning among women of reproductive age in South-eastern Nigeria. The study used data obtained from Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (NDHS) 2013. Factors considered were drawn from the dataset. Analysis was carried out using Stata version 12.1. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to determine relationship between various factors and use of modern family planning methods. Level of significance was set at 0.05. The total number of participants in the study was 2,816. Twelve point fifty seven percent (12.57%) of the participants were currently using modern family planning methods. The highest proportion of use was 25.57% in Ebonyi State, while the lowest was 16.94 % in Imo State. The only identified predictor of use of modern family planning use was educational status. The women who had at least secondary education were almost twice (1.82 times) more likely to use modern family planning methods than those who had only primary education or less (OR=1.82, 95% CI: 1.4-2.4, P<0.001). Measures should be taken to increase female literacy, as this will most likely lead to improved uptake of modern family planning among the respondents.

Photoxidation of palm oil, like other forms of oils/lipids oxidation has adverse effects on the physicochemical qualities of the oil including depletion of essential antioxidants and formation of free radicals which could be injurious to tissues. Unfortunately, this widely consumed edible vegetable oil is usually stored or displayed for sale in plastic containers under direct sun light and unknowingly subjecting the oil to photoxidation. This work therefore sought to evaluate the possible effect of long term consumption of palm oil exposed to light on some reproductive parameters in male wistar rats. Male wistar rats weighing 85g to 120g and aged 19 to 23 weeks were randomly divided into a control and photoxidised palm oil (PPO)-fed groups of five rats each. The control group was fed on normal rat chow while the PPO diet group was fed on photoxidized palm oil diet. The duration of feeding was 13 weeks after which the rats were euthanized, blood samples collected while testes were harvested from them for determination of relevant parameters. The result showed a significantly reduced seminal pH in the PPO-fed group compared with control (P<0.01). Sperm motility (%) and viability (%) were significantly decreased (P<0.01 and P<0.01 respectively) in the PPO-fed group compared with control. The PPO-fed group had significantly decreased (P<0.001) sperm count and a significantly increased percentage of morphologically defective sperm cells (p<0.05) compared to the control. Serum testosterone, follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and Luteinizing hormone (LH) were significantly decreased (P<0.001, P<0.01 and P<0.001 respectively) in the PPO-fed rats compared with control. In conclusion, long term consumption of PPO diet impairs reproductive function in male wistar rats

A study was conducted to assess effectiveness of structured teaching programme on knowledge regarding psycho social interventions for the caregivers on caring the mental health needs of mentally ill inmates. The study was conducted in Shivamoga Beggar Relief and Rehabilitation Centre. Total samples were 10. Non probability purposive sampling technique was used. A structured questionnaire was used as an instrument to measure the level of knowledge of caregivers. It was seen that the pre - test mean (6.8+_2.7) was lesser than post – test mean (23.7+_1.9). Here p value is (<0.001*) which is highly significant. The study revealed that the 60% samples had poor knowledge and 40% of them had average knowledge in pre- test. But in post-test 80% of samples had excellent knowledge and 20 % had good knowledge. The study concludes that structured teaching programme was effective in improving the knowledge of caregivers regarding psycho social interventions. We have performed Fishers exact test to know the significant association between knowledge and selected demographic variables. We observed that there is no significant association between knowledge and selected demographic variables.

This complete enumeration, cross-sectional comparative record-based study was conducted at a municipal medical college in Maharashtra state, India. First-year MBBS students undergo formative assessment (one terminal examination and one preliminary examination) before they appear for First MBBS University examinations (summative assessment). Marks scored by the First-year MBBS students in terminal and preliminary practical examinations during the seven year period (2011-2017) were statistically analysed. In the terminal practical examination, the gender difference in the average marks scored in terminal practical examinations was statistically significant (Z=2.226; p=0.026) only for Batch 2013, while in the preliminary practical examination the gender difference was statistically significant for Batch 2011 (Z=2.094; p=0.036) and Batch 2017 (Z=2.139; p=0.032). The marks obtained in preliminary practical examination exhibited less variability as compared to that in the terminal practical examination. This study may serve as a springboard towards further research on student assessment in the subject of Physiology

Intravenous induction agents Propofol and Thiopentone are commonly used in obstetric anesthesia. We in the present study tried to compare the effects of Propofol and thiopentone on hemodynamics, Heart rate in the pregnant ladies undergoing Cesarean sections. Methods A total of 60 patients were included in the study. They were randomly divided into two groups. Propofol group (n=30) and Thiopentone group (n=30). The dosage was calculated to body weight 5mg/Kg for thiopentone and 2.5mg/Kg for Propofol. The mean induction time in Propofol group was 20.95 seconds and Thiopentone group as 26.5 seconds. There was smooth induction in 86.67% of the patients of Propofol group and 13.33% had disturbed induction. In the Thiopentone group, 76.67% had smooth induction and 23.33% had disturbed induction. No induction failure was encountered in this study and all patients were unconscious after 45 seconds. The total duration of surgery in propofol group was 70 ± 20 minutes and in thiopentone group was 85 ± 27. The time to extubation in Propofol group was 8.5 ± 2.60 and Thiopentone group was 7.0 ± 3.56. The Arterial Blood gas analysis after surgery shows average values of PaO2 in Propofol group and 87.5 ± 2.1 and thiopentone group 88.6 ± 1.8 and PaCO2 in propofol group 38.6 ± 2.05 and thiopentone 38.4 ± 2.5 mmHg. The mean SBP at the baseline of Propofol group was 124.05 ± 10.5 mmHg, while for Thiopentone group it was 124.05 ± 10.5 mmHg. The mean DBP at the baseline in propofol group was 76.5 ± 10.2 and thiopentone group was 78.8 ± 6.8. The heart rates were 80.5 ± 7.8 beats/min and 83.5 ± 8.8 beats/min in propofol and thiopentone group. The mean changes at the time of induction in heart rate of propofol group were 18 beats/min and the mean change of heart in thiopentone group was 23 beats/min. The mean SBP change during induction in Propofol group was -2.8mmHg and DBP change was -2.0 mmHg. In thiopentone group SBP change was -2.55mmHg and DBP change was -1.3 mmHg. Conclusion: Propofol has rapid actions and does not have any adverse effects on the CVS. The amount of pain produced due to propofol was also lesser compared to the thiopentone group and the induction was smooth in propofol group compared to thiopentone group and overall outcomes of Propofol were better than the Thiopentone group. Therefore propofol appears to better induction agent than thiopentone for obstetric anesthesia

A combination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone is used as an oral contraceptive and also for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorders, acne and hirsutism. In this study, a derivative spectrophotometric method has been developed and validated for the simultaneous determination of drospirenone and ethinylestradiol. First order derivative spectrum was used for the determination of ethinylestradiol at 211 nm and drospirenone at 298 and 302 nm. The developed method was linear over the concentration range of 0.25-2.5 μg/mL and 20-200 μg/mL for ethinylestradiol and drospirenone, respectively. The within-day and between-day precision and accuracy were acceptable for both compounds (CV<2.5% and error<2.4%). The proposed method was used for simultaneous determination of ethinylestradiol and drospirenone without any separation before analysis

Suxamethonium is the drug of choice for muscle relaxation for endotracheal intubation with its rapid onset and short duration of action. The newly introduced non-depolarizing drug rocuronium has got rapid onset and intermediate duration of action. The aim of the present study was to compare the intubating conditions of rocuronium bromide with suxamethonium chloride. Aim: To compare the onset and duration of action of Rocuronium Bromide and Suxamethonium Chloride. Methods: it is prospective randomized controlled study carried on 90 adult patients with age groups of 20-60 years of either sex. They were posted for elective surgery in MGM’s Hospital Aurangabad. They were randomly divided into two groups of (n=45) each. Group I (R) patients received rocuronium at the dose of 0.9mg/Kg and Group II(S) patients received suxamethonium at the doses of 1.5mg/Kg. Results: In Group I (R) group there were 14 (31%) male patients and female were 31 (69%). In group II (S) there were 14 (31%) male and female were 31 (69%). In group II (S) suxamethonium showed acceptable intubating conditions in 100% of cases at 60 sec out of which 93.24% were excellent. In rocuronium group I(R) 100% cases had acceptable intubating conditions at 60 seconds out of which 77.7% excellent and 22.3% had good intubating conditions the P values were significant. In both the groups there was no significant difference jaw relaxation as well as vocal cord movements. There was the significant difference in response to intubation in Rocuronium group 6 (13%) patients had a mild cough on intubation whereas no patient in suxamethonium group II had any cough. In the Group I 24% patients had slight diaphragmatic movements on intubation and in group II 11% had diaphragmatic movements. There was no significant rise in HR difference in group I and group II preoperative, post muscle relaxant, 0 minutes after intubation, 5 minutes after intubation, and 10 minutes after intubation. Conclusion: Rocuronium bromide at the dose of 0.9 mg/Kg produces excellent and good intubating conditions in patients although slightly inferior to that provided by the Suxamethonium 1.5mg/Kg but there is more hemodynamic stability with rocuronium then suxamethonium. Therefore Rocuronium bromide may be considered as safe and good alternative to suxamethonium for endotracheal intubation. Hence rocuronium bromide can be used for a rapid sequence of induction and intubation if there is no prediction of difficult intubation