Abstract: The Karayaka sheep is the most populous sheep breed in the Black Sea region of Turkey and a significant portion of the breed (30-35%) has been raised for centuries in Samsun province. For this reason, we aimed to investigate the genetic diversity of Karayaka sheep raised in Samsun, Turkey. The blood samples used in this study were collected from unrelated animals and were analysed using nine microsatellite markers. A total of 72 alleles were determined with an average of eight alleles per locus. The highest number of alleles (12) was observed for locus BM1314, while the lowest (4) was observed for locus CSSM47. The expected heterozygosity value (He) ranged from 0.654 at locus BM757 to 0.867 at locus BM1314, with an average of 0.757, whereas the observed heterozygosity (Ho) ranged from 0.125 at locus CSSM47 to 0.438 at locus BM757 and HUJ616, with an average of 0.329. The Wright’s fixation index (FIS) values ranged from 0.360 at locus BM757 to 0.833 at locus OARFCB304, with an average of 0.572. The results obtained from this study showed that Karayaka sheep population has a high level of genetic diversity and the studied markers were highly informative.

Abstract: In this study, the physico-chemical properties of hot spring water of Bursa province and Erikli cold water were investigated. Erikli cold water is bottled for commercial use. Water samples were collected in-situ for testing and some physical measurements were carried out. Other major analyses were carried out in the geothermal laboratory. Water samples were evaluated by both field observations in-situ and also geological and petrographical observations. Data collected were evaluated by using Aqua-Chem software program in consideration of field observations and the geology and petrography of the sampling area. Data obtained from Aqua-Chem and field observations of the sampling area in consideration of geology and petrography were used for interpretations of hot water samples and cold spring water. Consequently, water samples were characterized according to sources of magma or meteoric waters with the aid of isotope studies and cation and anion data. Also, information on water circulation leading to water-rock interaction where the water passes the Bursa Geothermal system helped the interpretation. The water sample radioactivity results were shown to be within acceptable limits. Water resources were determined for Bursa province and vicinity using Piper diagram. Waters in Cekirge, Kaynarca, Kükürtlü, Zeynine, Dumbuldek, and Inegol Oylat contain Ca-Mg-Na-SO4, Na-Ca-SO4, Na-Ca-HCO3-SO4, Ca-Na-Mg-SO4, Na-Ca, Ca-SO4-HCO3 ions respectively.

Abstract: The world suffers from air pollution from burning fossil fuels to produce energy. Cars consume a large proportion of fuel, especially spark ignition engines. The pollutants produced by these engines can be reduced using new types of alternative fuels, including hydrogen gas. Hydrogen is characterized by its high speed and high resistance to knock, making it an acceptable option for use in spark ignition engines. Among the disadvantages that prevent the use of hydrogen is its ease of ignition, safety requirements, lack of energy on the volume basis. In this study, we are trying to review a number of new researches which have tested practically and theoretically the use of hydrogen in ignition engines.

Abstract: The present study was conducted with the aim to investigate, antifungal activities in vitro conditions of the essential oil retrieved from laurel (Laurus nobilis) and myrtle (Myrtus communis L.) on three different isolates of the chickpea blight disease (Ascochyta rabiei). The antifungal activity study was conducted in 60 mm in diameter petris with 10 ml PDA environment, and the plantation of fungi was done in the middle of the petri in a diameter of 5 mm. The effected of essential oil was added to sterile blotting paper attached on the lids of the petris in 0,5, 1, 2, 4 ve 8 μl doses with the help of a micropipette. The petri lids covered with parafilm were incubated in 23 ° C for 14 days. Measurements were done after the incubation period and the percentage of mycelial growth was calculated. The results of the study revealed that the essential oil obtained from Laurus nobilis inhibited the disease growth of isolates-1, isolates-2 and isolates 3 in the dose of 8 μl by 72,53%, 67,37 % and 45,8%, respectively. It was found that the essential oil obtained from Myrtus communis L inhibited the disease growth of isolates-1, isolates-2 and isolates 3 in the dose of 8 μl by 45,19%, 57,35% and 39,36%, respectively. Furthermore, it was established that the fungus growth was inhibited in different degrees in the different doses. It was concluded that the essential oil of Laurus nobilis and Myrtus communis L possess a high rate of antifungal activities in vitro conditions.

Abstract: In the present study were studied microbiological qualities of drinking water obtained of Sivas. A total of 100 water samples (once week, during six mounth), collected from ground water and 3 tankers filling from same ground water in spring and summer (March-August), were used as material. The samples were evaluated microbiologycal (total mezophile aerobe bacteria, enterobacteria and E. coli). According to the analysis results; all of the examples were found total mezophile aerob bacteria. The enterobacteria in samples were detection between <10- 103 cfu/ ml. The sample of 12 was analyzed E. coli. Results of, microbiological analysis of the water sources performed at regular intervals for public health. Because, it is very important to transmitted by water diseases. This is the first step of the protective precautions.

The study tries to understand the antecedents of consumer preferences towards online and offline shopping. A conceptual model that addresses consumer value perception for using the internet shopping versus the traditional shopping. Earlier studies have shown that perceptions of price, product quality, service quality and threat strongly impact perceived value and purchase intents in the offline and online network. Observations of online and offline buyers can be evaluated to see how value is constructed in both channels. The objective of this study is to provide an impression of online shopping decision process by comparing the offline and online decision making and identifying the factors that motivate customers to decide whether to do online shopping or go for the offlin e shopping. Consumer’s shop when and where they want, where they are comfortable with the products and the choice of shopping. The study finds that female are more into online shopping than male. Since last two years as population are more aware of the technology the online shopping increased immensely. The people from the age group 35 and above are less likely to do online shopping because they are less aware of the technology. However the respondent said that they will love to purchase from online shopping if only the price of the product is less than the market. They revealed that it is fairly important to go for e-shopping.

Over the past three decades, the tourism industry faces challenges in Iran, mostly due to international nuclear sanctions and there is no doubt that Iran has a negative image in the West and the negative propaganda against Iran and the presence of international sanctions have hit the tourist industry a lot. The nuclear deal reached in Vienna on July 14, 2015, and the better relations with the west, this agreement has given hope to many people inside and outside Iran that have foreseen a clear future for the Iran. On the other hand, the agreement has also affected the creation of direct flights to Iran. In this article, we will review the tourism industry in Iran (comparing after the nuclear deal).

Success in improving job performance in Pasuruan Furniture Company will be achieved if the company can create an understanding of the Working Group, Leadership Style, Organizational Characteristics and administrative processes the basic concept of human resources. These conditions are based on the phenomenon now that human resources are so important to the company. With the increasing technological changes, causing the consumer to have the knowledge and information that is so vast, and the future. This allows for a furniture company in Pasuruan to improve job performance. The results showed that the reason of corporate culture that is characteristic of organizations including the size, complexity, formalization, autonomy if the stronger the higher the furniture company job performance in Pasuruan. The working group that includes the commitment, disorder, morality, relationships between co-workers when the stronger the higher the furniture company job performance in Pasuruan. Leadership styles which include proximity between superiors and subordinates, the emphasis of the work, consideration, and encouragement when the stronger the higher the furniture company job performance in Pasuruan.

The first step in getting ready to handle crisis at the workplace is to acknowledge that it can happen anywhere and at any time. To effectively deal with crises, companies should be able to react correctly when such situations arise. Being prepared for a crisis is about building the capacity of employees to tackle serious disasters by equipping them with the knowledge on how to make serious but important decisions that will safely steer the organization through the storm Human Resources teams must ensure that the strategic plan takes into account the health, safety and welfare of employees. Through collaboration with other organizational leaders, HR can assure that the human capital is taken care of in all crisis management and business continuity plans.

Good customer service is the lifeblood of any business. You can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those customers to come back, your business won't be profitable for long.Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy - happy enough to pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and in their turn become repeat customers. If you're a good salesperson, you can sell anything to anyone once. But it will be your approach to customer service that determines whether or not you’ll ever be able to sell that person anything else. The essence of good customer service is forming a relationship with customers – a relationship that that individual customer feels that he would like to pursue. How do you go about forming such a relationship? By remembering the one true secret of good customer service and acting accordingly; "You will be judged by what you do, not what you say. “I know this verges on the kind of statement that's often seen on a sampler, but providing good customer service IS a simple thing. If you truly want to have good customer service, all you have to do is ensure that your business consistently does the right thing for its customers.

The need to communicate with the other members of the society for different purposes leaded to the need to learn a foreign language, a second language. Thus the people who spoke two or more languages have more access on communication. The easy way to communicate that was as the result of knowing a foreign language, had a lot of advantages in every field of life. Nowadays speaking and writing another language is more than a necessity. The following paper treat the effectiveness of bilingual education as a theoretical concept, how help the young learners and the benefit in the Albanian education system. The Albanian education system now days have changed and these are reflected even in accepting and entering a foreign language to the school system. Classes have pupils/ learners of different background and teachers use several methods and programs. According to the level of the classes there are used different programs.

Almost 80% of the world’s visual impairment is treatable or preventable. Regardless of this, millions of people are at risk of visual loss due to the lack of eye-care services. The study examined eye care needs of persons with visual impairments in a District Hospital in Ghana, specifically to assess the availability of eye care services, challenges and measures to improve accessibility. A qualitative approach was adopted to interview persons with visual impairments and eye care providers. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample size of 20; 15 visually impaired and 5 health care providers. A semi-structured interview guide was adopted to capture data onto a voice recorder and transcribed into written notes. Thematic content analysis was used to analyse themes generated from the data according to the objectives. The study found that eye care services were available to some extent but accessibility to the services was limited due to inadequate transport fares and poor health insurance coverage. Aids to accompany clients were limited. Poor infrastructure and equipment limited the ability of healthcare providers to offer effective services. The study recommends that outreach services should be encouraged to provide services at the doorstep to majority and refer complex cases to hospital to reduce cost of transportation. The study further recommends that relevant infrastructure and equipment should be provided by government through the Ghana Blind Union to improve eye care services and also to ensure that health insurance policies adequately cover diagnosis, treatment and the provision of assistive devices.

One of the most worrying issues around the world has been and remains the growth of criminality. Faced with the principle of territorial sovereignty, states were unable to prosecute persons who were already in the jurisdiction of another state. The only option was the application of the principle of territoriality which allowed States to apply their criminal legislation for offenses committed within that territory irrespective of the nationality of the author. Faced with such a situation, the states were more than aware that there was a need for international co-operation to put the perpetrators accountable. The interest to cooperate in this area emerged early after World War I and this cooperation became concrete after World War II. Initially as a co-operation to condemn war crimes and then other crimes. International criminal policies for combating and preventing criminality of criminal offenses have been numerous, but due to the increase of cross-border criminality, the practical implementation of these policies has become difficult. To avoid this, the states began to cooperate with each other through bilateral agreements in the criminal field. International co-operation dates back to mid-century. XVIII with the First Mutual Assistance Treaty between Italy and Monaco, which was later followed by other bilateral and tripartite treaties, mainly in the area of extradition. In addition to the extradition there was another disturbing problem, the punishment twice for the same offense as the perpetrator was punished by the state where he committed the basic crime of the principle of territoriality and by the state whose nationality he was based on the principle of active personality. Here was the cooperation for the recognition of foreign court decisions. The lines of cooperation in the field of the power of foreign court decisions date later than the extradition, the most important conventions that reflect this co-operation are: the European Convention on the International Validity of Judgments of Criminal Matters of 1970 and the Convention on Transfer Of prisoners with deprivation of liberty. "1983. In Albania, the beginnings of international cooperation in the criminal field are evidenced around 1925 with the adoption of the First Criminal Code.

Cinnamon has a long history both as a spice and as a medicine. This study was carried out to screen the phytochemicals of the extract as well as to evaluate the acute (LD50) and sub-chronic toxicities of aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum verum in rats. A total of twenty eight rats were used in this study, thirteen for acute toxicity test and fifteen for sub chronic toxicity. The acute toxicity study was done in two phases; in phase I, nine rats were divided into three groups of three rats each and were administered the aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum verum at different doses of 10, 100 and 1000mg/kg body weight orally. The rats were observed for mortality and general behavior for 24hrs. In phase II, four rats were administered with aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum verum at higher doses of 1500, 2500, 3500 and 5000mg/kg and were observed for mortality and other signs of toxicity for 24hrs. For the sub chronic toxicity experiment, fifteen rats were divided into five groups of three rats each. Group 1 was the control group, groups II to V were orally administered 50, 100, 150 and 200mg/kg of aqueous bark extract of Cinnamomum verum respectively for four weeks. The rats were sacrificed and blood samples collected for biochemical analysis of liver and kidney functions. The result of phytochemical screening revealed the presence of saponins, reducing sugars, flavonoids, steroids, resins and cardiac glycosides. Acute toxicity revealed that the extract was practically non-toxic with oral LD50 greater than 5000mg/kg body weight. The levels of ALP, ALT, AST and TP of the test groups decreased significantly (p<0.05) with respect to control group while serum TB, ALB increased with respect to control group. A significant decrease (p<0.05) in serum electrolytes, creatinine and urea and an increase in serum bicarbonate was observed in extract administered groups in a dose dependent pattern compared to normal control. In conclusion, these results showed that the extract is rich in phytochemicals and was found to be relatively safe at administered doses

Zainab’ novel written by Al- Haikal was the first novel in modern Egyptian literature. The theme tells about women's freedom from the shackles of life traditions. Similar theme is found in Faridah Hanom‟s novel which is Malaysia's first novel, by Syed Syeikh al-Hadi. The plot of Faridah Hanom revolves around the above issue which takes the backdrop of Cairo and its surroundings. The current study aims to identify the similarities between Zainab's novel and Faridah Hanom's novel in terms of themes, characters, plots and backgrounds. The comparison and analysis carried out between the two novels clearly indicate that there are similarities in the selection of themes, characters, plot construction structures and depicted background images. The main theme of both novels is freedom of women from the grip of tradition that does not allow women the right to go out to work, to study and to choose a life partner. Both characters are similarly played by female characters and assisted by male characters. The only difference is the number of angles. From the point of the plot, both revolve around the love relationship between two teenagers as a result of love at first sight. The similarity of background, however, can be seen through the plots that occur in the Egyptian states, the cities of Alexandria and Sudan. In addition, the novels portray the village cultural lives. This equivalences show that the Zainab‟s novel has influenced the creation of Faridah Hanom's novel through adaptation form.