The universities are rich with research outputs due to their nature of teaching, research and development through the transfer of knowledge to the society, but the extent to which the research outputs are translated into socio-economic outcomes that benefit the society concerns the industry players. Of particular interest is the research dissemination process. The central question in this paper, therefore, is how does the dissemination process determine the utilization of universities’ research outputs by social service NGOs in Nakuru Town of Kenya? In order to answer this question, the study applied the Triple Helix Theory and the Diffusion of Innovation Theory. It utilized the descriptive survey design where data was collected from 30 managers from 30 social services Non-Governmental Organizations within Nakuru Town. Managers were selected from a list of social services NGOs provided by the National Council of NGOs Rift Valley Office using the simple random sampling technique. The questionnaire comprised of both open-ended and close-ended questions that were administered by the researcher. The data collected was analyzed mainly using the qualitative methods and minimal quantitative methods and presented using tables and graphs. The study results show that Journal and conferences are the main channels that these organization use to access research findings and that both had a positive influence on universities research utilization by the organizations. The study recommends that Universities encourage their researchers to disseminate their findings in open access online journal as they are cost effective.

Optimal management sequence for the primary tumor and the liver in synchronous colorectal liver metastases (SCLM) is still controversial. Except reviews, studies comparing the 3 surgical approaches are infrequent. The present study aimed to describe the surgical management of patients operated of SCLM. In particular, we compared short-term outcomes and survival according to the surgical strategy. A multicentric retrospective study was conducted on 125 patients with SCLM. Surgical strategy was defined as classic (colorectal first approach), combined and reverse (liver-first approach). Between 2008 and 2013, 87 patients completed the classic strategy, 24 combined strategy and 14 reverse strategy. The 3 groups were comparable regarding pre-operative data. Liver metastases involvement was significantly higher in reverse group. Severe cumulative postoperative morbidity was 39.2%, similar between the 3 strategies. Ninety-day mortality was higher in combined group (12.5%, p>0.05). Failure rate of liver first approach was 17%. The 3-year overall survival (OS) was 73% in classic group, 78% in combined group and 93% in reverse group. The 3-year disease free survival (DFS) was 29%, 30% and 19% for classic, combined and reverse strategy respectively. There was no significant difference with regard to OS and DFS between 3 groups. We demonstrated that liver first approach is safe and feasible with acceptable perioperative and survival outcomes despite initially worse prognostic criteria. Reverse strategy can be applied to a vast majority of patients independently to the liver tumor burden and should be considered progressively as a reference in the management of SCLM

Solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) are at the rapidly developed field of nanotechnology with a few potential applications in drug delivery, clinical medication and research, and additionally in other distorted sciences. Because of their small size-subordinate properties, lipid nanoparticles offer the likelihood to grow new therapeutics. The capacity to loaded drugs into nanocarriers offers another model in drug delivery that could be utilized for optional and tertiary levels of drug targeting on. Consequently, SLNs hold extraordinary advantage for achieving the objective of controlled and site specific drug delivery and henceforth have pulled in wide consideration of analysts. The current review describes the role of solid lipid nanoparticles on the pharmacokinetics of poorly soluble antihypertensive drugs. In the event that suitably examined, solid lipid nanoparticles may open new areas in treatment of hypertension with improved oral delivery

Content digitization is a current phenomenon that has had a huge impact on traditional media. The era of globalization has had significant effect on the way media houses the world over strive to reach their audience and especially given that the world is so interconnected to a point that any happening in one continent has a significant effect in the most remote location in another continent. This has led to innovations such as the use of E-Paper that’s geared towards reaching larger audiences by media houses as well as remain competitive in this era of great competition and liberalization of the economy. The purpose of this study was therefore to determine the effect of EPaper subscription on the revenue performance of the Standard Media Group Limited, Nairobi. The study was guided by the Schumpeter’s innovation theory of entrepreneurship. Descriptive survey research design was adopted. Both primary and secondary data were collected. Primary data was collected by the use of a questionnaire while Secondary data sought historical data on the organisational revenues by department and on the profitability of the organisation for the past twentyfive years between 1991 and 2016. The target population included all the 202 members of staff in the Commercial and Online departments at Standard Media Group, Nairobi. The researcher drew a proportional random sample of 30% of the respondents from the two departments who provided the information required. Data was processed and analysed using descriptive and inferential statistics with the help of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 22 and Microsoft’s Excel 2013 to generate Frequencies, percentages and regression that were used to answer the research questions. Findings were presented using appropriate tables and graphs that depicted the relationship between the dependent variable and the independent variables. It was established that the rate of revenue growth in the e-paper platform was exponential, and was highly co-related to the overall organizational revenue, and that the combined revenue from the e-paper, and other aspects of digital content provision had exponentially grown from nil in 2009 to over KES 120 million 2016. Further research is suggested on the effect of content digitization on the operational and revenue performance of print media at Standard Media Group, and on the effect of content digitization on revenue performance of the other media houses in Kenya.

Ocular diseases have been documented as the most common health problems universally. Most of the chemicals and synthetic drugs currently in use have marked side effects. Hence, there has been an ideal shift from the use of modern drugs to the age old herbs. Randia dumetorum Lamk is one such important plant with various established medicinal properties. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the preliminary antibacterial activity of methanolic extract of Randia dumetorum Lamk. (Xeromphis spinosa Thumb) Against common ocular pathogens such as Serratia marcescens, S. agalactiae, Corynebacterium macbinleys and Propionibacterium acnes. Methanolic extract of the dried fruits of the plant was prepared. Different concentrations of the dried fruit extracts (R. dumetorum) were transferred to the nutrient agar plates, which had been previously inoculated with the test microorganisms. The plates were incubated at 37°C for 24 h in an incubator and the zones of inhibition were measured using well diffusion method. The extract showed potential antibacterial properties comparable with that of the standard streptomycin against the organisms tested. The methanol extract of R. dumetorum displayed a concentration related antibacterial activity. The results showed that the inhibition of the bacterial growth was more pronounced on Corynebacterium macbinleys as compared to the other tested organisms

The current clinical study was planned to assess the efficiency of Jeemootakaphala Avapeedaka and Pradhamana Nasya in Kosthashakhashrita kamala. The study was completed on 30 patients diagnosed with Kosthashakashrita kamala of either sex, among the age faction of 20 to 60 years who were arbitrarily chosen. The patients were categorized into 2 groups i.e Group A & group B. Jeemootaka phala Avapeedaka Nasya was given to group A, while Jeemootaka phala Pradhamana Nasya was administered in group B. The dosage of Nasya was -1.5 ml in every nostril in group A, 65 mg in every nostril in group B. The evaluation was made before the treatment and after treatment. Patients were followed up after 7 days of Nasya. Hence whole study period was 15 days. Both Nasya showed considerable improvement in Kosthashakhashrita kamala. Clinical efficiency of group A was better than to group B however statistically both groups showed similar efficacy.

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is commonly referred to as a “sugar” and it is the most common endocrine disorder and usually occurs when there is deficiency or absence of insulin or rarely, impairment of insulin activity (insulin resistance). The powdered leaves phoenix dactylifera was extracted with 400ml of 70 % v/v of ethanol and water for 5 hour in soxhelet. Alloxan monohydrate at a dose of 150 mg/kg injected intraperitonally for induction of diabetes mellitus. The extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaves was subjected to anti-diabetic activity in rats. Group-IV & Group-V received the ethanolic & aqueous extract of phoenix dactylifera leaves(500mg/kg) shown a marked reduction in blood glucose level on day 4th i.e. in ethanolic extract it was 284.76±mg/dl while in aqueous extract it was 264.76±6.65. On 10th day of study the glucose level falls up to 264.40±7.72 in ethanolic extract rat & 254.05±9.18 in aqueous extract. The results of the present study indicate that Phoenix dactylifera leaf extract was found to reduce the glucose level in animals made diabetic with alloxan. In the present investigation ethanolic extract of Phoenix dactylifera leaf showed significant anti-diabetic activity

The principle of the minimally invasive technique is to implant specific bony plate which is fixed across fractures via small incisions of the skin, muscle, and periosteum. The aim of the study was to find the functional outcomes in patients treated with proximal humerus fractures with a minimally invasive technique using locking compression plates. Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Orthopedics, Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Nagunur, Karimnagar. A total of 39 patients were included in the study. The patients were selected using the inclusion criteria and they underwent operations under general anesthesia followed by early mobilization and follow up at the intervals of 3 months, 6 months and 12 months to evaluate functional outcomes according to Constant-Murley criteria. Results: The fractures were classified according to the NEER/AO/ASIF classification of fractures of the humerus. The type A fractures were found in 20 out of 39 patients 51.28% A1 fractures were in 8 patients A2 in 5 patients and A3 in 7 patients and 19 fractures were type B 48.72% and B1 and B3 had in 7 patients each and B2 had 5 patients. The mean Constant-Murley score was 89.25 points at the end of one year follow up in 2 part fractures. According to Constant-Murley score, 85% had an excellent outcome, 10% had a good functional outcome and 5% had moderate outcomes. All the fractures were united on an average time of 19 weeks (14-24). In the Three-part fractures, the average Constant-Murley score at the end of one year was 81 points. The Constant-Murley score showed 78.94% had excellent outcomes, 15% had a good functional outcome and 5.26% had a moderate outcome. Conclusion: Within the limitation of the present study it can be concluded that minimal invasive plate osteosynthesis with locking compression plate is a good technique for the treatment of proximal humerus fractures. It provides good stability, functional outcomes and minimal post-operative complications

Staphylococcus aureus is a common bacterium that affects humans and causes several syndromes and infections with fast evolution which can endanger the patient's life. Investigate the incidence of nasal carriers of S. aureus among graduation nursing students who attends to the hospital for at least one year. 122 samples from the nasal cavities were analyzed. The identification of the bacteria was performed by conventional bacteriological methods. The antimicrobial susceptibility tests were performed using the BioMerieux Vitek system in the Bacteriology Laboratory of the Brazilian Army Biology Institute - IBEx. Of the 122 examined students, 51 were carriers of S. aureus, corresponding to a prevalence of 41.8%. The results demonstrated that nursing students who attend the hospital environment are more susceptible to carry S. aureus antibiotic-resistant strains. We suggest periodic medical exams to these students for appropriated antibiotic therapy and adopt precautionary measures in order to avoid the interpersonal transmission of the bacteria in the relationship with health professionals and patients at the hospital environment

Grain starch in general has wide array of applications in industry, food preparation, paper surface coating and textiles. Many of the important functional properties of starch including the emulsion capacity, water and oil absorption, least gelation concentration and foaming capacity can be substantially improved from physical and chemical modifications. In this review, current and advances in grain starch modification technology was examined and the functional properties compared with the unmodified sample. Chemical modifications such as crosslinking starch granules with variety of cross-linkers such as citric acid improved the functional properties of acha starch significantly. The least gelation concentration (LGC) increased from 6% to 8% and the pasting viscosity also decreased to 25Cp Other chemical modification techniques examined include oxidation and acid treatment or mild hydrolysis. Several starch oxidizing agents were reviewed and the effect of sodium hypochlorite (3% active chlorine) on acha starch was compared to the native starch. Oxidation further reduced the pasting viscosity of native sample from 30Cp to 20Cp whilst the least gelation concentration was also reduced to 6%. Acid treatment affected the pasting viscosity of acha starch substantially (15Cp) whilst the LGC increased to 14%. The scanning electron microscopy (SEM) of modified samples showed effects on starch granule morphology

Excess free-radical formation has been hypothesized to contribute to cancer, atherosclerosis, aging, and exercise-associated muscle damage. Antioxidant supplements such as vitamin C, vitamin E, and beta-carotene have been touted as beneficial for enhancing exercise performance and for preventing certain diseases. Before physicians routinely recommend supplements to prevent exercise-associated damage, more study will be required. Recommendations for the prevention of cardiovascular disease and cancer are more complex. Because study results have been contradictory, individual supplement recommendations must be offered with caution. Physicians must be cognizant of which supplements patients are taking and be prepared to discuss risks and benefits. The most beneficial prescription is probably a daily diet containing five to seven servings of fruits and vegetables..Muscular exercise promotes the production of radicals and other reactive oxygen species in the working muscle. Growing evidence indicates that reactive oxygen species are responsible for exercise-induced protein oxidation and contribute to muscle fatigue. To protect against exercise-induced oxidative injury, muscle cells contain complex endogenous cellular defence mechanisms (enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidants) to eliminate reactive oxygen species. Furthermore, exogenous dietary antioxidants interact with endogenous antioxidants to form a cooperative network of cellular antioxidants. Knowledge that exercise-induced oxidant formation can contribute to muscle fatigue has resulted in numerous investigations examining the effects of antioxidant supplementation on human exercise performance. To date, there is limited evidence that dietary supplementation with antioxidants will improve human performance. Furthermore, it is currently unclear whether regular vigorous exercise increases the need for dietary intake of antioxidants. Clearly, additional research that analyses the antioxidant requirements of individual athletes is needed

The objective of the study was to observe the various clinical features, histopathological and immunofluorescence findings in patients with autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders. The overall M: F ratio of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders in the study was 1: 1.4. Trunk was the most common site of involvement in all types of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders. Overall trunk was the most common site of onset of lesions in autoimmune vesiculobullous disorders but in pemphigus vulgaris mucosal onset is more common than trunk and extremities. Incidence of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder was 0.11% of the total number of patients attending the skin OPD. Pemphigus vulgaris constituted the most common subtype of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder in this study, followed by pemphigus foliaceus. Pemphigus group of diseases were most common in the 4th decade while bullous pemphigoid was most common in the 7th decade. Histopathological examination showed features typical of each subtype of autoimmune vesiculobullous disorder.

The aim of this study was to examine the effect of leadership style, organizational culture, and achievement motivation toward qari’ (man reciter of al-Qur’an) and qari'a (woman reciter of al-Qur’an) organizational commitment at LPTQ (The Institution for the Development of Tilawatil Qur'an) in Riau islands area. This research particularly was conducted separately on three parts of region namely; in the center, Province of Riau Islands (City of Batam); in the western region (Karimun Regency); and in the eastern region (Tanjung Pinang City). Survey method applied in this study along with path analysis used in hypothesis testing. The total of respondents amounted to 204, but only 186 in a number of respondents who returned the sheet of questionnaires. The total respondents for trials were as many as 30 participants. Each region was represented by 10 respondents, Alpha Cronbach formula used in these trials. The results revealed that there were a positive influence and significant: 1) Leadership style on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 2) Organizational Culture on qari' and qari's Organizational Commitment. 3) Significant Leadership style on Achievement Motivation. 4) Leadership style, Organizational Culture on Achievement Motivation. 5) Leadership style, Organizational Culture and Achievement Motivation towards qari’ and qari'a Organizational Commitment in Riau Islands. The study concluded that: There were direct influences of leadership style, organizational culture and achievement motivation towards the organizational commitment of qari’ and qaria’. Based on the calculation of path analysis obtained Fobtained (24,69) > Ftable (2.67). So H0 was rejected and Hi was accepted. It meant that the style of leadership, organizational culture, and achievement motivation gave a significant influence on the commitment of the qari and qari’a organization.

Abstract: The purpose of the study was to find out the effect of specific training on cholesterol among university hockey players. To achieve this purpose of the study, thirty men hockey players were selected as subjects who were from the various faculties, Annamalai University, Annamalainagar. The selected subjects were aged between 19 to 24 years. They were divided into two equal groups of fifteen each, Group I underwent specific training and Group II acted as control that did not participate in any special training apart from their regular sports and games practices. The subjects were tested on selected criterion variable such as cholesterol prior to any immediately after the training period. The selected criterion variable such as cholesterol was to assess body fat monitor. The analysis of covariance (ANCOVA) was used to find out the significant differences if any, between the experimental group and control group on selected criterion variable. The 0.05 level of confidence was fixed to test the significance, which was considered as an appropriate. The result of the present study has revealed that there was a significant difference among the experimental and control group on cholesterol.

India is a tropical country where skin diseases like fungal infections, pyoderma, acne, scabies etc. are very common. A large number of dermatological preparations are available in Indian market but studies on the price variation between commonly used topical brands are lacking. Hence the present study was carried out to obtain information on the price variation among different brands of anti-infective, anti-acne & analgesic topical preparations present in India. Information about dosage forms and prices of different brands of commonly used topical preparations was obtained from Current Index of Medical Specialties & Drug Update. Number of brands, percentage price variation, cost ratio etc for various drugs and combinations were calculated. There were total 206 brands manufactured by 52 different pharmaceutical companies of 35 drugs, out of which 24 showed more than 50% cost variation. Largest price variations were seen with mupirocin 2% cream (408.33 %), tazarotene 0.05% gel (183.8%) and diclofenac diethylammonium 1% gel (650 %) in single drug categories & gentamicin 0.1% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (308.82 %) among all fixed dose combinations. Least variation was observed for salicylic acid 2% foam (4.76 %) and terbinafine 1% + ofloxacin 0.75% + ornidazole 2% + clobetasol 0.05% cream (5.69 %). Cost of drugs play a crucial role in treatment outcome by directly influencing the patient compliance. Hence, it is essential to train physicians about cost variations among different brands available in the market so that they can reduce financial burden of patients without compromising the effectiveness of therapy.