Nasogastric tube feeding (NGT) is used for those patients who can-not sustain their oral requirements. Poor nursing adherence to evidence-based guidelines has negative consequences leading to higher mortality rates, delayed recovery and longer length of stay. Nurses play an intrinsic role in preventing these infections especially aspiration pneumonia by pursuing standard guidelines. Current study was designed to evaluate nurses’ knowledge and practices of NGT feeding in order to reduce complications. Cross-Sectional Descriptive Study design was proposed. Study population included 70 nurses working in three public sector hospitals in Lahore. Nurse’s knowledge was obtained using a self -structured questionnaire and their practices were recorded by direct observation through a checklist. Data was analyzed using SPSS 20. Data was represented in the forms of figures and tables. By knowledge and practice 60% secured under satisfactory level. Nasogastric tube feeding is a critical practice for seriously sick patients and errors in proper knowledge and skills can lead to serious complications. The present study could identify a high level of gaps in knowledge and skills of applying nasogastric tube feeding procedure. This necessitates the action at training institutions for nurses and on job protocols including monitoring for safety of patients.

Ventilator associated pneumonia is the most common nosocomial infection arising as complication at Intensive care units. It affects nearly 8-20% of the clients admitted at intensive care units and is 27% among the mechanically ventilated patients (Al Shameri). The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge and practice of Ventilator associated Pneumonia prevention among nurses at PIC Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge and practices among Nurses. A convenient sample of n=122was used to collect the data. A structured adopted questionnaire was used to collect data. The questionnaire consisted demographic variables, Knowledge of VAP and Practices of VAP among the nurses of the ICU at PIC Lahore. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. Overall knowledge was satisfactory where 50% of the study participants had good knowledge and gave more than 80% correct responses about different aspects of the Ventilator Associated pneumonia prevention. 30.33% were satisfactory knowledge about the VAP prevention. Overall Practice result very good practices among 83% of the participants who were practicing 20 or more items out of 24 statements. 12.33% had satisfactory practices. Overall knowledge was satisfactory and practices were good among the nurses at PIC regarding ventilator associated Pneumonia.

A series of novel semicarbazone derivatives (BS1-22) of (2E)-2-[2-(1, 3-benzoxazol-2-ylsulfanyl)-1-phenylethylidene] hydrazinecarboxamide have been prepared. The structural conformation of the newly synthesized compounds has been established by elemental analysis, spectral analysis and melting point studies. Compounds BS1, BS3, BS9, BS10, BS11, and BS21 have been subjected to anticonvulsant screening by chemo-shock models. In the series, compounds BS9, BS10, and BS11 showed most potent result while compounds BS1, BS3, and BS21 were showing moderate results than standard drug.

Surgical removal of a broken instrument tip in the mandibular posterior region can be a difficult procedure due to proximity of vital anatomical structures of the region. Moreover, accessibility in that area is another factor that adds onto the difficulty. Thus localization of that foreign object is key in its successful surgical retrieval. Here we present such a case, with its complete management and a careful technique of retrieval.

Kikuchi-Fujimoto's disease KFD is a rare and benign cause of cervical lymphadenopathy. It is an anatomoclinical entity of unknown etiology. The confirmation of the diagnosis is always provided by histological lymph node study. The clinical picture sometimes evokes lymphoma or tuberculosis. The evolution is generally favorable with spontaneous healing after a few weeks. We report the case of a 26-year-old woman who had consulted for cervical lymphadenopathy associated with fever. The cervical lymph node biopsy concluded to Kikuch-Fujimoto's disease. The evolution was marked by rapid regression of lymphadenopathy under corticosteroid treatment.

The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of educational program on quality of life among elderly regarding oral health. A quasi-experimental pre-test-andpost-test design was utilized to conduct this study. The study was conducted in the geriatric social club in Zagazig City. A purposive sample of 75 elderly subjects who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Five tools were used in the present study; Tool I was a structured interview questionnaire to assess elderly’s demographic characteristics, medical history, oral health status, periodic examination of the mouth, dietary habits, and smoking habits, Tool II was elderly oral health knowledge structured interview questionnaire, Tool III was elderly oral self-care practices questionnaire and checklist, Tool IV was the Oral Health Assessment Tool (OHAT) For Non –Dental Professional, and Tool V was Oral Health Impact Profile (OHIP-14) Short Version. The results revealed post-program statistically significant improvements in OHRQoL scores, oral health knowledge, oral self-care practices, and oral health assessment (p<0.001). The follow-up phase showed some declines, but still significantly higher compared with the pre- program levels (p<0.01). The educational program is effective in improving the elderly’s oral health related quality of life.

The aim of the present investigation was to develop controlled release tablet of Abacavir sulphate using. Azadirachta indica (Neem gum) and comparison with official guar gum (BP). Additionally, physiochemical properties of the gum were evaluated. Totally five batches abacavir containing extended release tablets were designed using neem gum / guargum characterized for preliminary trial. Best formulation was selected for optimization by 22 central composite design. In this Input variable were Neem gum/Guargum (X1) and Microcrystalline cellulose (X2). The output variables were Hardness (Y1) friability (Y2) swelling index (Y3) and in vitro release (Y4). The optimized formulations were subjected for inviro-invivo correlation. The study results revealed optimized batch A2 showed hardness of 5.8 kg / cm2, friability 0.63 %, swelling index 84.3% and in vitro release of 90% over the period of 12 h. A higher similarity between optimized tablets and Abamune tablets (Cipla) was established with similarity factors f2 was 50 .7.pH 6. 8 phosphate buffer. Also the in virtro in vivo correlation coefficient obtain from point –point analysis of optimized tablets was 0.98. The optimized tablets exhibit super case 11 mechanism.

The present study investigates the comparison of hand hygienic practices in nurses of neonate and pediatric unit allied hospital and DHQ hospital Faisalabad. Hand hygiene is a primary measure to reduce infection in neonates. Hand hygiene is a simple procedure. That can help in reducing morbidity and mortality rate. The purpose of this study is to comparison of hand hygienic practices in nurses of neonate and pediatric unit Allied hospital and DHQ hospital Faisalabad. To assess nurses compliance of hand hygiene related to new born care. To assess association between hand hygiene training and hand washing practice. The study’s methodology involved descriptive quantitative study design. Sample size was 180. Questionnaires were distributed to the nurses of two hospitals. 150 questionnaires returned back. Questionnaire was containing in 3 sections. The data analysis was done using SPSS software version 21. Results describes about I receive formal training for hand hygiene. Results indicate that 100% respondents were Agree with the statement. The mean is 1.0000 with .00000 standard deviation. Results describes about There is a relationship between good hand hygiene practice and hospital acquired infections. Results indicate that 88.0% respondents were strongly agree, 12.0% agree with the statement. The mean is 1.1200 with .32605 standard deviation. Results describes my clinical nursing instructor consistently performs HH when necessary. Results indicate that 65.3% respondents were strongly agree, 28.0% Agree and the UN decided 6.7% with the statement. Hand washing is a primary measure to reduce infection and prevent spread of health care associated infection. Descriptive quantitative design used for this study. Data was collected through adopted questionnaire Descriptive statistics was used for analyzing date.

The gastroretentive drug delivery system is site-specific and allows the drug to remain in the stomach for a prolonged period of time so that it can be released in a controlled manner in the gastrointestinal tract. The purpose of the research work is to formulate and optimize the gastro retensive film (GRF) containing Propranolol hydrochloride in order to prolong the release time and improve the bioavailability. Five basic gastroretensive films were developed by solvent casting method for preliminary trial . The best formulation was subjected for two factor two level design approach. Independent variables selected were concentrations of Eudragit S 100 (X1) and Eudrajit RL 100 (X2) and dependent variables were Folding Endurance (Y1) Tensile strength (Y2) Elongation at break (Y3) and in vitro drug release (Y4). The results of the study indicate optimized formulation (P2) exhibit folding endurance 114, tensile strength 1.3 kg mm2, Elongation at break 22% and in vitro release 46.5 % for 12h. The in vitro release data were well fit into Higuchi and Korsmeyer-Peppas model and followed non-Fickian diffusion mechanism. The gastro retensive formulations can be used in diseases where an extended release of propranolol is required.

The studywas to evaluate the relationshipbetween performance appraisal system and staff retention in Enugu Electricity Distribution Company of Nigeria. The specific objectives include to; examine the relationship between employee’s rate of output produced and employee training. Examine the relationship between employee recognition and achievement of organizational goals. The population consists of 983 staff of Enugu Electricity Distribution Company of Nigeria (EEDC).The study used the survey approach. The primary sources used were the administration of questionnaire to staff. The 274 sample size of the study, the study used the Freund and Williams’s formula. 261 staff returned the questionnaire and accurately filled. The validity of the instrument was tested using content analysis and the result was good. The reliability was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It gave a reliability co-efficient of 0.82 which was also good. The hypotheses were analyzed using f-statistics (ANOVA) tool. The findings indicated that there is positive effect relationship between employee’s rates of output produced and employee training F(95,n= 274)= 827.372,P<0.05;This indicates that there is positive effect relationship between employee recognition and achievement of organizational goals F(95,n=274)= 367.439,P<0.05.The study concluded that appropriate training and development programmes would be designed to correct deficiencies through performance appraisal. The study recommended that Performance appraisal should be encouraged in organizations to assists workers and management meets their expected target and Recognition of employees by the management should be a top issue in organization to enable workers gives out their best.

Laryngeal tuberculosis is an extra pulmonary form of tuberculosis and is found in about 2% of all tuberculosis cases. A retrospective analysis of 31 cases of laryngeal tuberculosis was done in the present study extending for 30 years in three Medical Colleges of West Bengal, India. Out of these 31 cases in the study, 20 patients were male and 11 were female with an M: F Ratio of 1.8:1. The age of the patients ranged from 31 years to 59 years. The highest incidence of 45.2% was observed in the age group of 51 to 60 years, followed by 35.5% in the age group of 41 to 50 years and 19.4% in the age group of 31 to 40 years. All the patients presented with hoarseness of voice and cough was the second common symptom. Out of the 31 patients, 9 patients complained of pain in the throat and seven of those had referred earache also. In majority of the cases, the lesions were limited to the vocal cords, arytenoids, and posterior commissure. False cord was involved in 15 cases and ulcer over the arytenoid was found in 14 cases. Patients with lesions involving only the vocal cords, presented with hoarseness of voice, whereas lesions involving the other areas of the larynx, such as arytenoid and aryepiglottic fold presented with odynophagia. Enlargement of the regional lymph nodes was observed in 5 cases out of the total 31 cases. Most of the cases were found during the first 20 years of the study whereas only 4 cases were found during the last 10 years, which could be attributed to the successful implementation of the Revised National Tuberculosis Control Programme in India. However, the emergence of multi drug resistant strain of the causative bacillus and tuberculosis-HIV co infection has complicated the scenario at present. On histopathological examination, tubercular granuloma with stromal hyperplasia, large number of phagocytes and giant cells, epitheloid cells, Langhans cells and typical necrosis with caseation were found. Confirmation of the diagnosis utilizing a proper diagnostic algorithm and treatment with specific Anti Tubercular Drugs (ATDs) are most important in the management of laryngeal tuberculosis.

Over the past two decades, gulf cities have been rapidly growing, mainly after the discovery of oil. Large-scale urban projects have been constructed as a result of globalization, which has affected the built environment and the urban fabric of gulf cities. Doha, the capital city of the State of Qatar, has been substantially influenced by globalization. The city has experienced great transformation in its environment since the 1950s, after the discovery of oil. Therefore, Doha has faced the challenge of keeping pace with urban developments that have been increasing and taking over the existing heritage embedded in buildings and traditional neighborhoods. Al-Hitmi is one of the neighborhoods affected by urbanization and sprawling. This research study investigates Al-Hitmi neighborhood and its features, opportunities, constraints, and relationship with the surrounding areas, specifically Qatar National Museum and the Museum Metro Station. The research design is based on the review of the literature, site analysis of the selected case, and surrounding context in order to (1) find opportunities and challenges and (2) to propose a strategy for the urban regeneration of the neighborhood of AlHitmi.

Thymomas are among the most common anterior mediastinal tumors that can uncommonly present with respiratory failure. This case – A 62 year old lady who presented with complaints of limb weakness and the development of type II respiratory failure, discusses in detail the problem posed and the workup leading to the diagnosis. Surgery was performed based on the radiological findings. The tumor was completely resected and the diagnosis given as Masoka classification‑Type B2-predominantly cortical thymoma

Over the past three decades, rapid urban sprawl, a changing economy, and shifting demographics have caused rapid developments, which included the urban regeneration of existing neighborhoods. In the 1940s, after oil and natural gas discoveries in the State of Qatar, Doha experienced massive transformations on social, economic, cultural and environmental levels. These transformations have created (A) the need for creating sustainable neighborhoods and (B) raised questions related to how existing neighborhoods can be more sustainable in the future. This study investigates the neighborhood of Msheireb Downtown Doha and the reasons which have caused its urban regeneration. The study investigates (1) practical forms of sustainable urbanism principles by analyzing the Msheireb project and (2) how this urban project can be enhanced according to these principles. The research design encompasses a summary of the literature, the site analysis, structured interviews and a resultant vision of a sustainable concept for Msheireb to define the actions needed to implement the sustainable neighborhood concept. The findings reveal that, comparing the image of old Msheireb with the current regenerated one, the later neighborhood is compact, pedestrian-friendly and mixed use, which in turn encourage people to engage and promote a higher level of social interaction and therefore, contribute to enhancing the urban livability of the neighborhood.

Anacyclus pyrethrum L. root is one among the ingredients of polyherbal formulation frequently employed for the treatment of stress by Ayurvedic practioners. So, the objective of this study was to scientifically validate its use. Animals were administered graded doses of ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum root and subjected for anoxia stress tolerance test, swimming endurance test and acetic acid induced writhing test models and its adaptogenic potential was assessed by estimating various parameters. Stressed animals demonstrated altered values of these parameters. Ethanolic extract of Anacyclus pyrethrum root exhibited significant anti-stress activity by restoration of all the altered values. Present findings validate its use in Aurvedic system of medicine.