Mutual Fund investments nowadays are the most preferred investment option. Mutual Fund companies in Saudi financial market are the top profitable companies. Investors usually prefer banking financial institutions while investing their savings, since they feel banking financial institutions are more secure and risk-free than their counterpart nonbanking financial institutions. The purpose of this research is to change the customer preferences towards banking and nonbanking institutions which are offering mutual funds in Saudi financial market. The aim of this study is to compare the performance of Saudi equity mutual funds in banking and nonbanking companies listed on Tadawul stock exchange. The sample companies were chosen for this study consist of four banks and four nonbanking finance companies which are listed as mutual fund companies in Tadawul stock exchange. Standard Deviation, Beta and Sharpe performance measure has been applied in order to measure the performance of Saudi Equity Mutual fund finally one way ANOVA statistical tool is applied to compare the performance of banking and nonbanking companies.

In spite of the twenty-first century being an era of information and communication which make accessing authentic texts easier, it is very unfortunate that there still exist many misconceptions regarding Islam. One of such misconception is the issue of terrorism. Naturally, any misconception has roots somewhere and when it comes to modern day terrorism linked with Islam, it is an ideological group historically known as Kharijites who caused serious confusion among Muslims and between Non-Muslims. This paper examines the creeds and principles of the early Khawarij, how they influenced modern day extremist groups like the Boko Haram in Nigeria and why they have deviated from traditional mainstream Islam. Islam is a religion ordained by Allah which has been erroneously aligned with terrorism and numerous conflicts around the globe since the September 11, 2001 attacks in the USA. While Islam does not encourage these actions, there exists movements within the Muslim community which use forcefulness as a means of political expression similar to the early extremist Khawarij sect who abused the concept of takfir. The new brand of Khawarij and their likes the Boko Haram in Nigeria seem to have adopted the main tenets of the Khawarij creed and as a result, carrying out acts of violence under the guise of Islamic jihad. The paper suggests that there is the need for further study on the ideological roots of these groups, their actions, and how society proffer solutions to combat their ideas before they degenerate into terrorist actions.

Halal culinary tourism is part of tourism. Tourism in recent years has become a very competitive market. One important component of tourism resources is the destination. The most competitive tourist destinations are the most effective in creating sustainable prosperity for the communities around them. Tourism is a strategic industry and has become a great and big industry, tourism contributes great foreign exchange for tourism regime countries. Tourism can provide jobs, income and quality of society, then the community is also increasingly love the culture of the nation, the community will also maintain the environment. Currently Halal tourism which is a new tourist destination. The index covers 130 countries to serve as a benchmark destination in the Muslim Tourist Market. The Global Muslim Travel Index (GMTI) of 2017 creates an index score for each country that is the destination of Islamic travel visits for the member countries of the Organization of Islamic Cooperation (OIC). Indonesia has a 67.5 index score ranked sixth after Qatar, Saudi Arabia, UAE / UAE, Turkey and Malaysia. The Ministry of Tourism of Indonesian Republic (Kemenpar) has so far developed and promoted services business in the field of hotels, restaurants, travel agencies and spas in 12 sharia tourist destinations. The development is carried out in several cities, namely Aceh, West Sumatra, Riau, Lampung, Banten, Jakarta, West Java, Central Java, Yogyakarta, East Java, NTB and South Sulawesi. Banten Province is in position no 5 for the development of Islamic tourism destinations. Tangerang Selatan is one of the cities in Banten province, has high economic growth with high purchasing power and is a self-contained and modern city with complete facilities (BPS Tangerang Selatan 2015). Currently the city of South Tangerang is well known as a culinary tourism city, all of this is a potential owned by the southern city of Tangerang and can attract research as a new city of halal culinary tourism, but to become a new city of halal culinary tourism there are still some problems based on pre survey. The problems in South Tangerang City are interesting to be used as research.

Visceral experience inside the imagery is a new perception of being physically present in a non-physical world by using new technology as Oculus Rift. Virtual simulation at any images and videos for the purpose of taking practical knowledge without being present in that area which provide preoccupy total environment. Oculus Rift is a virtual reality headset, which provides 6 degrees of freedom rotational and positional tracking to give the real test of presence in the imagery sphere. Imagery analysis by using immersive visualization before and after the earthquake is a technique to measure the scale of devastation without being present at any locations. To move inside the Street view, Satellite view and Bird’s view before and after the earthquake with head mounted display makes the exact features of the scale of devastation by using same and different geometry in each eye. By dragging and dropping any objects inside the existing scene and make executive scene which gives the actual features about this object.

The purpose of this study is to find out the implementation of Account Representative (AR) standard competency in Tax Service Office (TSO) of Pratama Palembang. In 2015-2016, the realization of tax revenue in TSO of Pratama Palembang did not reach the target of the national acceptance. Not reaching this target, directly and indirectly related to the role of AR in the implementation of its role as tax service representative. Using qualitative research method with primary data sources in the form of interviews and field observations and secondary data derived from various documents, it was found conclusion that the TSO of Pratama Palembang SeberangUlu had applied AR standards competency in accordance with applicable provisions. However, not in accordance with the achievement of tax revenue target. Each of AR Competence in completing the work was still different, depending on knowledge, skill and attitude.

Wastewater from abattoirs has great impact on the environments, since it is made up of a significant portion of organic contents such as lipids containing high BOD and COD. Amongst other sources of lipid-rich wastewater, in the abattoir wastewater, a significant amount of bacterial capable of utilizing lipids and other organic contents has been found. Exploiting the extracellular hydrolytic capabilities of these microbes is necessary for the overall reduction in the organic contents of the wastewater. Lipolytic bacterial cultures of Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Bacillus subtilis were used in the treatment of the lipid-rich wastewater with enrichment nutrient combinations. Thus, the extracellular enzymes; lipase, protease and amylase were assayed at 6hour intervals for a period of 48hours for hydrolytic activity. Bacillus subtilis treatment showed the highest amylase and protease activity while Pseudomonas aeruginosa showed the highest lipase activity and high amylase and protease activities with Staphylococcus aureus, also a good lipase producer. The result indicated extracellular production of the enzymes to cater for the initial breakdown of substrates in the wastewater medium. Owing to the enzymatic activities of lipase, protease and amylase possessed by these lipolytic organisms, they could prove to be beneficial for bringing down the overall organic load of abattoir wastewater.

Various plant actives have been reported for their therapeutic potential in obesity so far and plant polysaccharides are one of them. Naturally occurring non-starch polysaccharides are widely known for their anti-oxidant, immunomodulatory, anti-diabetic and anticancer activities as well in various in vitro and in vivo test systems. This paper focuses on one such crude polysaccharide fraction isolated from the leaves of the plant Vitex negundo which was tested for its anti-obesity activity in male db/db mice at 50 mg/Kg dose via both subcutaneous and per oral route of administration for 7 days. The activity via both the routes was compared with pair-fed and normal control animals for various parameters such as daily food intake, body weight, fasting serum glucose, insulin and triglyceride levels as well as changes in glucose levels during oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Obtained results demonstrate a significant reduction in food intake, body weight and fasting glucose levels in crude polysaccharide treated animals which are suggestive of its anti-obese activity. Further, a remarkable increase in fasting insulin and a significant decrease in glucose intolerance in crude polysaccharide treated animals was also observed, which indicate its anti-diabetic activity. Thus, this study primarily establishes a positive role of the crude polysaccharide from V. negundo leaves in treatment of both obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.

S-180 tumour bearing mice were subjected to 2-Methoxyestradiol (2ME) and Cyclophosphamide (CP) monotherapy and 2ME and CP combination therapy on 7th day of ascetic tumour cell transplantation when the tumour growth was at log phase. Then, the effect has been studied on host’s system in respect to dead cell – living cell frequency, tumour volume, haemoglobin percentage, and differential count of WBC. In 2ME and CP combination therapy, a steady increase in the dead cell or non-living cell population was noted with the steady decrease in tumour volume. Haematological studies from peripheral blood revealed a drastic depletion in neutrophil count and elevation of lymphocyte population on the 12th day and 16th day of tumour transplantation in combination therapy series. Moreover, the haemoglobin concentration is more or less stable in combination therapy treatment series. So, the 2ME and CP combination therapy provides some protective compensatory mechanisms in the body of the host.

The aim and objective of this study was to formulate and evaluate the Flurbiprofen emulgel as a topical drug delivery which is a novel and advantageous delivery system forhydrophobic drugs to systemic circulation via skin. Flurbiprofen is a Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drug (NSAID) used to treat Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA). Emulgel is one of the most interesting topical delivery system. In spite of many advantages of gels a major limitation is to deliver the hydrophobic drugs. Emulgel is used topically because of its characteristic dual control release (i.e.) emulsion as well as gel it demonstrates better drug release as compared to other topical drug delivery systemdue to excess of oil bases and lack of insoluble excipients. In present work Flurbiprofen emulsion was prepared by using liquid paraffin and white soft paraffin as an oil phase prepared emulsion was gelled with different concentrations of Carbopol 974p. All 6 formulations were evaluated for Homogenicity, Extrudability, pH, Viscosity, Spreadability, swelling index, drug content determination &Invitro dissolution test out of 6 formulation F4 is optimized based on the results and optimized formulation is good at stability conditions.

The study examined plant species whose barks were being extracted and used for health maintenance by the Ijaw tribal community of Bayelsa State of Nigeria. 150 respondents, randomly selected, were interviewed with the aid of a semi-structured questionnaire guide. All the interviewed were focused, conversational and two-way in communication. Plant species with medicinally valued barks were identified and information on them were obtained and documented. The results obtained revealed that the socio-economic status of the respondents were not prerequisites to their consciousness on the medicinal values of plants in their vicinities. Despite the availability of most of the species in the respondents’ environment, market patronage was still the preferred source as many of them could not recognize the species even with their vernacular names. Also a declining rate in the passage of ethno-botanical knowledge from one generation to another now abounds in the study area. Trading in medicinal barks was prominent and was dominated by the females who sourced their stocks from diverse areas. A total of 62 plant species, belonging to 38 families, were observed to have their barks valued for medicine for diverse diseases. The methods of preparations and utilizations of the plant-based medicine were simple and easily adoptable by the respondents. The extraction methods utilized sourcing for barks were mostly predatory and annihilative. Most of the indentified species were indigenous, uncultivated with poor regenerative abilities thus most of them were presently not abundant in the study area. Conservation measures that could enhance their sustainability were prescribed.

Alopecia actuated by chemotherapy is a much-feared unfavorable impact by numerous ‎chemotherapy protocols. Alopecia induced by chemotherapy is considered the most mental stunning highlights of ‎cancer treatment. A few medicines have been researched as conceivable approaches to anticipate hair ‎loss, however, none has ‎been effective. To date, still no accomplishable approach or treatment for overcoming chemotherapy-‎induced alopecia. Utilizing developed new sub-atomic innovation, spots and featuring in understanding sub-atomic systems of chemotherapy-prompted alopecia has been ‎accomplished utilizing rat models. Numerous systems can clarify the pathobiology of the ‎response of human hair follicle to chemotherapy albeit some to a great extent stays obscure. ‎In this article, we audit pathobiology of chemotherapy-initiated alopecia ‎, we concentrate on the ‎roles of p53, CDK2 and its objective qualities that are vital in interceding reactions of hair ‎follicle cells. ‎We expect that nearby pharmacological hindrance of p53 and CDK2 activity may fill in as an ‎effective treatment to avert chemotherapy-incited balding. Adequate pharmacological ‎inhibition of chemotherapy-induced male pattern baldness may require a blend of inhibitors to ‎block correlative or excess pathways of apoptosis in hair follicles. Estimation ‎chemotherapy instigated alopecia is vital and the related subject we open to it in this ‎review. Moreover, in this review, we will clarify the biomolecular link between the degeneration of ‎hair follicle induced by chemotherapy and the mechanism of propranolol in controlling P53 and CDK2 as protection ‎from alopecia induce by chemotherapy

Micro algae Dunaliella salina is isolated from Sambhar Salt Lake, which has very high amount of carotenoids. We studied growth of D. salina in various concentration of EMS through rapid addition and having 1 hour treatment in dark to find out effective and efficient dose of EMS for D. salina. Studies revealed the effectiveness and efficiency decreased with increase in EMS concentration. Lower concentration of EMS was more effective and efficient for promoting growth. Maximum growth was found in control as compare to EMS treated cultures. The concentration of EMS chosen reduced the rate of growth, cell movement and cell survival as compare to control. This reduction increased with increasing concentration of EMS. Thus the mobility and survival rate of D. salina was negatively related to the concentration of EMS. Rapid addition of EMS exhibited high growth in comparison to 1hour treatment of EMS in dark.

This study focused on an investigation of solubility and dissolution rate of the drug repaglinide, a practically water-insoluble antidiabetic drug and the purpose of this study was to enhance the dissolution rate by solid dispersion system consisting of drug, excipients and carrier. Solid dispersion formulations were prepared by using the physical mixing and melt Solvent method. Physical mixtures (PMs) of repaglinide and hydrophilic polymer Kollicoat IR, HPMC, Kollidon 90F, Poloxamar 407 and PVK 30 were prepared at 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 ratios. Melt Solvent method was used to prepare solid dispersion of repaglinide with hydrophilic excipients Kollicoat IR, HPMC, Kollidon 90F, Poloxamar 407 and PVK 30 at 1:1, 1:3 and 1:5 ratios. All formulations were characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dissolution tests. Characterization studies revealed that solid dispersion prepared by melt solvent methods showed better dissolution property compared to physical mixing and pure repaglinide due to the conversion into a less crystalline and/or amorphous form. The order of dissolution enhancement was Kollicoat IR > PVK30> Kollidon 90F> Poloxamar 407> HPMC in solid dispersions. In all cases improvement of dissolution was significantly greater in solid dispersions prepared by Melt solvent method than in physical mixtures. The SEM studies influenced that a decreased crystallinity of the solid dispersions revealed that a portion of repaglinide was in an amorphous state. This was because of Kollicoat IR, Kollidon 90F, Poloxamar 407, HPMC and PVK 30 modified the crystallinity that could be considered as an important factor in enhancement of the dissolution rate.

In order to contribute to the development of an integrated pest management strategy for stored grains, the insecticidal activity of Mentha rotundifolia L. essential oil was evaluated against Sitophilus granarius, wheat weevil. Insects and toxicity tests were carried out under laboratory conditions at a temperature of 27 ± 2 ° C and a relative humidity of 60 ± 5%, at Çankırı Karatekin University, Yapraklı Vocational School, Department of Animal and Plant Production. The essential oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) to give 14 compounds in the essential oil of M. rotundifolia. The major component of the oil was identified as 3- Cyclopenten-1-one, 2-hydroxy-3-(3-methyl-2-butenyl)- (89,09%). M. rotundifolia essential oil has remarkable insecticidal properties. Highest contact toxicity (100%) of the oil was observed against S. granarius (1µL/insect application of 4% (v/v) oil solution in acetone, after 24 h). Highest fumigant toxicity (100%) was observed for S. granarius (10µL/10mL container application of 1% (v/v) oil solution in acetone, after 24 h). The set of knowledge elements obtained should help guide strategies for the integrated protection of the grain quality during the storage of local cereals production.

This study seeks to investigate the effects of chronic consumption of fresh palm oil (FPO) and thermoxidized palm oil (TPO) diets on indices of haemostasis and related organs. Eighteen male rabbits weighing 750–1000g were randomly divided into 3 groups (n=6), namely; Control, FPO fed group and TPO fed group. The control group received normal feed+water, FPO fed group received normal feed mixed with FPO in the ratio 85:15g respectively, while TPO received normal feed and TPO in the ratio 85:15g respectively. The feeding lasted for 6months, after which indices of haemostasis were assessed. Platelet count for TPO group was significantly lower compared with control (p<0.05) and FPO group (p<0.001). Bleeding time in the TPO group was significantly higher (p<0.05, p<0.001) when compared with control and FPO respectively. Clotting time for TPO group was significantly higher (p<0.01) compared with control, but significantly lower (p<0.05) in FPO group compared with control. Prothrombin time for TPO group was significantly higher (p<0.001) compared with FPO group, whereas PT was significantly lower (p<0.05) in FPO group compared with control. Photomicrograph of the liver in the TPO group showed extensive diffuse steatosis and progressive inflammation with hepatocellular necrosis, while the bone marrow in TPO group showed infiltration with adipose tissue and reduction in the number of blood forming cells. Chronic consumption of thermally oxidized palm oil predisposes to thrombocytopenia secondary to infiltration of the bone marrow with adipose tissue and reduction in the number of blood forming cells. It also increases bleeding time, clotting time and prothrombin time and hence may predispose to prolonged haemorrhage.