Globally there is an alarming situation where incidences of burn injury are very high. Every year approximately 265000 deaths are reported globally due to fire and burn related injuries and low income countries are affected the most. Worldwide statistics are such that in south East Asia (57%) deaths are reported due to burn injury, followed by Africa about 12%. The rate is lower in Eastern Mediterranean region which is about 11%. The main purpose of this study was, to assess the nurse’s practices related to aseptic techniques in management of burn patients at Jinnah Hospital and Mayo Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed. A convenient sample of n=75 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. 60% said that there appropriate adequate sink-be available, 92% said that there is water and soap supply in the ward while 98.7% said that there are adequate surface disinfectant, 52% said that adequate shoe cover before procedure and 98.67% answers are adequate nurse preparation before procedure. The purpose of this study was to assess the nurses practices related to aseptic techniques in burn patients, where very satisfactory practices were found.

The aim of this paper is to explore the key roles of higher education institutions based in the UK in terms of developing key skills to further prepare students for employment. The paper is exploring several key authorities and agencies based in the UK that have significant responsibility to assuring the quality of higher education in the country. The paper is focused on several key themes that are related to the research topic which can be summarised as the following: Culture, Graduate attributes and employability. The research is based on a review of a number of secondary sources from academic and professional articles as well as relevant agencies reports such as the Quality Assurance Agency (QAA) and according to the performance indicators published by the Higher Education Funding Council For England (HEFCE).

During the current era the patients are too much demanding and always asking for quality services. Their expectations are raised and demand for optimal care from any health care setup. These high expectations from the hospitals result into a tough competition among the hospitals to work for excellence. As a result, health organizations in all sectors have been competing with each other in provision of service quality and customer satisfaction (Pinna et al.,). The main purpose of this study was to assess, Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. To assess the Patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services public versus private hospitals Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to analyze patients’ perceptions about quality of nursing care services. A convenient sample of n=200 was used to collect the information. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 22. Independent “T “and ANOVA were applied to analyze the findings. According the findings of this study, only 26.5% of the study participants were poorly satisfied from the care of the hospitals while remaining 73.5% were highly satisfied from the hospital care. The purpose of this study was to assess the satisfaction level of patients from nursing care at public and private hospitals. Overall result shows that the satisfaction level was satisfactory for majority of the study participants.

The aim of this paper is to explore the importance of research informed teaching in higher education and possible methods of imbedding it into the teaching practice. The paper is providing clarity on the key typologies of applying research informed teaching which can be divided as the following: Firstly, research led approach. Secondly, research-oriented approach. Thirdly, research-based approach. Fourthly, research tutored approach. The paper is also providing a case study based on the school of business and hospitality management within London College of Contemporary Arts (LCCA) to share practices that are currently being applied or planned as future activities. Furthermore, the paper is providing key benefits and challenges of embedding research informed teaching in curriculum. The paper concludes highlighting key recommendations derived from the review as well as the case study provided.

Oral health enables an individual to speak, eat and socialize without active disease. Oral hygiene is the process of keeping oral free from pathological condition that affects gum disease, mouth ulcers and sores and cavities. Oral health affects the overall health of individuals, so it is very important to maintain oral hygiene. Knowledge, attitude and practice regarding oral-health are considered to be important requirements for improving oral health. To determine oral hygiene experience among students and describe their level of oral health knowledge, attitude and practice of oral hygiene. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to examine the knowledge, attitude and practice of students regarding oral hygiene. A cross-sectional is that study that collects information from a population at specific time of period. Data was collected from 150 nursing students through convenient sampling techniques. Those who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study and those who don’t meet the criteria wasnot be the part of the study. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 21. Results suggest that there was satisfactory knowledge that is more than 80% of the study participants had knowledge about different knowledge based statements. The attitude and practices were some moderately around 50 to 60% of participants fall in this category. Overall knowledge was good but attitude and practices were low comparatively.

Performance management in the public sector is faced with a unique batch of challenges, and these challenges need to be addressed and overcome if universities can hope to succeed in achieving their missions. And yet, many organizations are not even aware that these challenges exist. They’re using recommended models and tools but often applying them in the wrong way or wrong context and therefore not seeing the results they would hope for oganizations have to build their capacity and improve their organizational effectiveness with an eye towards sustainability and long-term change. Student recruitment is driven by the need to fill available places, but is also influenced by issues of quality, income generation and equity in participation. Funding is a constant source of concern, for both teaching and research, with institutions looking to both diversify and maximise income streams, whilst also looking to achieve enhanced efficiency and value for money. Globalisation and internationalisation, and new technology, pose additional challenges to universities. However, arguably the greatest pressures arise from increasing competition and marketisation, and from the politicisation of higher education.

Completion, access and participation in education are currently the most important ones in the implementation of education for all. This is particularly so when one considers the problems surrounding early marriages observed to lead to lower school completion rates and increased dropouts. It is with this in mind that the present study sought to examine the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out in Nyamira North sub-county, Nyamira County, Kenya. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. The population was 38 Principals and students and 1400 parents. The sample was 322 students, 38 G/C teachers and parents. The survey instruments were piloted in Kisii County using the test-re-test method. The reliability coefficient obtained was 0.78 which was considered good enough for a scientific study. In addition, the research instruments were subjected to the scrutiny of two experts who established face as well as content validity. Data was collected from respondents using a specially designed questionnaire and interview schedule. The findings may enable students to obtain an education that is likely to lengthen their stay in school thus ending up in avoiding early marriages. The findings of the present study revealed that most of the principals, 52 percent responded that the extent of early marriage practice on students’ completion and drop out is very high. Few of them saw it as normal and that was 10.3 percent while 3.9 reported that not applicable at all. It also found out those 23 G /C teachers which makes up 61 percent agreed that female students are more linked to dropout than boys. The study concluded that more effort by all stakeholders be encouraged to retain students in schools till completion. The study recommended that guidance and counseling in schools be activated, G/C teachers should be motivated and equally important, the chaplaincy programs be initiated in schools for spiritual edification. The study considered the ethical considerations and respondents were explained the purpose of the study, guarded against plagiarism and respondents consent was sought.

Academic performance in Nyandarua Central sub-county has been dwindling for more than a decade now with no tangible cause got so far. Several educationists have been unable to unearth what ails it, mainly targeting teaching methods and improving them through Strengthening mathematics and science Education initiative, (SMASE), with no improvement and have left it to persist, prompting the locals to feel obliged to search for solutions to their problem. This study therefore sought to establish the influence of divorce on student's academic achievement in public secondary schools in Nyandarua Central sub- county, Kenya. The study was governed by Joyce Epstein’s theory of parental involvement in children’s academic achievement. The study used mixed methodology and concurrent triangulation design in data collection and analysis, by first clustering the twenty schools into day and boarding schools which have unique manifestation of extraneous causes and of non-performance in academics. The target population was secondary school students in public schools in this sub county are 12,800 of whom those that experience conflict at home number 4,661 and 960 parents and 600 teachers out of whom the sample was 270 students, 180 teachers and 240 parents. Data on performance was collected from progressive performance records of end tem examinations, while information on family conflict was gathered using questionnaires for students, teachers and parents and interview schedules for clarity and to increase response rate by busy respondents. Validity was done by the expert in the department and research. Reliability of the instruments was done by piloting and test retest administered Cronbach's Coefficient Alpha of 0.73 was realized. Quantitative data was analyzed descriptively by graphs, percentages, frequencies. The packages for social sciences (SPSS 22), whereas qualitative data was analyzed thematically, it was presented in narrative form. The results of this research showed an existence very high percentage 60% of administers agreed family set up influences academic achievement. The mean number of siblings of the respondents was 8.49 with a standard deviation of 1.37 siblings. A cumulative percentage of 91.0% of the respondents had up to 4 siblings. This implies most families have at most 6 members. The study concluded that the strong parental involvement is essential for educational progress and success. Consent of the respondets was sought. Based on the findings of the study the study recommended that: the society should strengthen family unit to reduce conflicts that pose challenges to pupil’s academic efforts. Parents should closely follow up children’s schools routines and coordinate with teachers, healthy dialogue, motivate and advice children on studies.

The purpose of this study was to establish the leadership skills employed by principal on student academic performance in public teachers training colleges in Lake Region, Kenya. This research therefore, targeted all 4 Principals, 4 Board of Management chair persons and 52 college HODs and 180 student leaders‟ total of 240 participants. The sampling technique applied here was convenient sampling for principals, BOM-chairmen and HODs for they were few hence all were considered 100 percent. Hence purposive sampling to select principals, BOM chairpersons and HODs. While 30 % was used to select student leaders whose population was 180. Stratified sampling technique was used to distribute the student leaders equitably to the four colleges (15-each) that also ensured gender equality and random sampling was finally used to select the participating sample. Questionnaires and interviews schedules were used in collecting data. The researcher ensured that these instruments were tested for reliability by using test re- test methods and validity by using suggestions from supervisors before setting out to collect data. Split-Half technique was employed for the test of reliability, the Pilot questionnaires were divided into two equivalent halves and their correlation co-efficient for the two halves computed using the Spearman rank correlation coefficient, describing the internal consistency of the test then if it showed that the instrument is reliable, correlation coefficient minimum of 0.65 was accepted as reliable. The researcher adhered to regulations and ethical considerations. The findings revealed that administrative council met (50%) both monthly and quarterly; he had facilitated strategic planning by monitoring and ensuring a high budget adherence as indicated by (75%) he as well ensured departments meet regularly by (75%). The study concluded that the Principals had time management skills. The study recommends that all Principals must be well trained on time management periodically because time is a key management skill. The researcher adhered to research ethics including plagiarism and getting the consent of respondents among others.

The culture of spending time at lapau (hanging out at a small tavern) is one of the traditions owned by Minangkabau people to talk about numerous things, from discussing the nation’s current affairs, problems at workplace, or any topics suitable to bring upon. There is an anecdote “apopun masalahnyo bisa disalasaian di lapau” (every problems can be solved in small tavern) which is very common in Minangkabau society. This paper will describe about melapau tradition: the persistence of Minangkabau custom in Medan. Taking qualitative approach along with descriptive method, this paper will explain the tradition of melapau as cultural reproduction from the hometown to the migration area abroad in the Minangkabau society. Furthermore, cultural sociological perspectives are used to reveal how the existence of melapau done by Minangkabau people in Medan, especially in Bromo, Kotamatsum, Sukaramai and Denai. This paper shows that melapau is a tradition still manifested in the hometown as well as abroad. This demonstrates a process of reproduction of Minangkabau culture in migration area/abroad. Various ideas, activities, and other habits that exist in the hometown are enacted again by the immigrants and Minangkabau men who were born in the City of Medan in different contexts. Melapau becomes a habitus for Minangkabau emigrants, therefore the emigrants reinvent the tradition of melapau and the ideas and activities involved in it. Lapau is an arena for fulfilling melapau habitus.

This study seeks to investigate the existence of ethnic differences in birth weight and cesarean deliveries amongst the ethnic groups in Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The study was a retrospective review research. University of Port Harcourt teaching Hospital, Port Harcourt between 2003 and August 2008. The study was a retrospective review research involving a dataset of 1287 (Ibo n = 241, Ikwerre n = 316, Kalabari n = 322, Ogoni n = 200 and Yoruba n =208) culled from over 3560 live singleton births maternity records covering deliveries for five years (2003 - 2008) at the University of Port Harcourt Teaching Hospital; Port Harcourt, Nigeria. The data obtained were analyzed using SPSS statistics software 2008 and the level of significance used was P < 0.05. Student T- test, One-way analysis of variances, Correlation analysis and Pearson chi square. There are significant differences P <-0.001 in the mean birth weights of the five ethnic groups. The prevalence of cesarean deliveries among the ethnic group was significantly associated with the Ibo ethnic group ( Ibo 12.45%, Ikwerre 11.07%, Kalabari 9.94%, Ogoni 7.50% and Yoruba 6.73%: X² = 12.25, df = 2, P = 0.003). The study revealed that the Ibo ethnic group has higher birth weight which may be the predisposing factor to higher percentage of Cesarean deliveries.

Abstract: The Purpose of the study was to EMG Analysis of Chest and Back Muscles and their Correlation with the Performance of Jump Tennis Service in Volleyball. Coverage/ Selection of Subjects: Universe of the Study: The study was confined to India only. Sampling Frame: Subjects were selected as a sampling frame from India only and their age was ranging from 16 to 28 years. Sampling Methods: Subjects were selected on the basis of purposively random sampling method. Sampling Size: A total of 12 male professional Volleyball players from India were selected for the study. Units of Observation: Observations were made on the following Variables/contents: Pectoralis Major (PMJ), & Trapezius (TP). Criterion Measures: Muscles activities during jump tennis service in volleyball were measured by Neuro Trac Myo Plus 4. The data was recorded in micro volt (µv). Statistical Techniques: The concerned data was analyzed by using descriptive statistical in order to electromyographic analyses of chest & back muscles during executing the jump tennis service in volleyball. In order to determine the relationship of selected (chest & back) muscles activities with the performance of jump tennis service in volleyball, Pearson Multiple Correlation Technique was used. The level of significance for the entire analysis was set at the 0.05 level. Conclusions: According to finding the study, Trapezius muscle showed the highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis servive in Volleyball. Pectoralis muscles showed the 5th highest activation level of EMG during execution of jump tennis service in Volleyball. Only one muscles group that is Pectoralis is found correlated with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleyball. The insignificant relationship was found between back (Trapezius) muscles and with the performance of jump tennis service in Volleybali.

Abstract: The present study examined the associations and age-related development of motivational climate, achievement goals, enjoyment, technical skills, and body mass index (BMI) in young floorball players. The sample comprised 283 Finnish competitive male floorball players with a mean age of 11.49 ± .27 years in the beginning of the data collection. Players completed floorball-specific technical skill tests and questionnaires across two time points, twelve months apart. The path model showed that perceptions of task-involving climate positively associated with mastery-approach, performance-approach, and enjoyment, whereas perceptions of ego-involving climate related with mastery- and performance-approach and mastery- and performance-avoidance. The results indicated that players with higher BMI had higher mastery-avoidance and slower dribbling skill scores. However, the findings supported previous findings, as a player can have high mastery-approach and high performance-approach or high performance-avoidance at the same time. Finally, mastery- and performance-approach, performance-avoidance, dribbling skills, and passing test scores increased over time. In contrast, perceptions of task- and ego-involving climate, mastery-avoidance, enjoyment, and BMI remained stable. The findings indicated that task-involving coaching methods could enhance approach goals and enjoyment in young floorball players. All young floorball players, especially players with higher BMI could benefit, if they were encouraged to spend more time with a wide range of fundamental skill practices on their leisure time, not only during the organized sessions. This could increase their floorball-specific skills, and in turn, decline the negative perceptions of mastery-avoidance.

Abstract: This study aims at examining the dietary intake status of adolescent swimmers. It also compares nutrient intake against the recommended dietary allowances and its associated implications on athlete’s health. A total of 65 subjects aged between 11 to 18 years was purposively selected; 35 swimmers and 30 non-swimmers. A structured Food Frequency Questionnaire was used to collect data. Correlations between continuous variables, association between BMI of swimmers and non-swimmers were calculated using ANOVA. The χ² test was used to compare the nutrient intake with the RDA of control and experimental group. Swimmers were taller, heavier and had higher waist hip ratio to a non-swimmers. The experimental and control groups reported a significant BMI and MAC. Females in two groups consumed meat protein than their male counterparts despite that the groups had many non-vegans. Although not statistically significant, men's consumption of food stuffs was higher than women; with χ² reflecting 3.4897 and 6.4371 respectively at 5%. Comparing MAR and NAR from swimmers and non-swimmers, nutritional intake in both swimmers and swimmers were seen to be inadequate in calcium (93%; 97%), riboflavin (91.7%; 92.6%), zinc (71%; 78.5%), and absorbic acid (94.2%; 95.7%) whereas intake of iron (0.4%; 1.1%) and protein (8.3%; 12.2%) was found adequate except for few swimmers. The means for groups were 0.71 and 0.75 respectively indicating that one or more nutrients were lower than the RDA. Despite that most energy intakes from the subjects were higher than RDA, mean of male and female swimmers on total fibre and fat were below the recommended daily allowances though significantly statistical at 5% level as 2.2645 and 2.1732 respectively. Adolescents showed that they were not consuming less water compared to other drinks of water even after training sessions. A healthy diet throughout is important to provide nutrients that support optimal physical growth and cognitive development.

Lightweight concrete provides numerous benefits compared to conventional concrete, like reduction in dead load and operating costs. One of the prime methods of producing structural lightweight concrete is the utilization of lightweight aggregates. The relevance of waste substances as cement alternate or aggregates in concrete can help a solution in order to reduce negative influences of the concrete industry. One of the agricultural solid wastes derived from the industry of coconut is coconut shell (CS) which processes about 40% lower weight compared to normal weight aggregates. The paper reveals an investigation on the coconut shell as coarse aggregate as well as class F fly ash and sugarcane bagasse ash as complementary cementitious material to produce more environmentally adorable lightweight concrete. Based on the research outcome, the eco friendly structural lightweight aggregate concrete has the ability to be prepared by combining three kinds of waste substances: coconut shell as coarse aggregate and blended Class –F flyash and sugarcane bagasse ash (SCBA) as a substitution for cement (by mass) up to 60%. The process of replacing the cement by blended Class –F flyash and sugarcane bagasse ash leads to density reduction.