This study aimed to analyze the positive and significant effect of the marketing mix. The products of the partial brand equity, brand equity ratio price partially, place partially on brand equity, promotion of the brand equity and partial positive and significant impact Product, Price, Place, and Promotion of the brand equity simultaneously. The population of this study was students from six universities throughout Jakarta-Bogor-Depok-Tangerang-Bekasi. With the classification of students who had used the ink refill brand Data Print, with starta economy class upper middle (ABC), aged between 17 s / d 55 years spread at the University of Indonesia, Jakarta State University, University of Mercu Buana, Jakarta Muhammadiyah University, University Tarumanagara, University of Muhammadiyah Prof Dr Hamka. While the number of samples from a population of 146 598 students with MOE 5 percent at 5 percent confidence level based on the table of Isaac and Michael is 347 samples. Method of quantitative analysis using multiple linear regression analysis, followed by analysis of determination (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous (test F). The results showed that the products are positive and significant impact on brand equity partially, Price has a significant and positive effect on brand equity partially, Places have a significant and positive effect on brand equity partially, Promotion positively and positively affects partial brand equity. And variable products, Price, Place and Promotion have a positive and significant effect on brand equity simultaneously.

Tabita is one of the cosmetic products that are currently in high demand by young people and able to maintain customer loyalty among them among students. This research focuses on students of Faculty of Economics and Business UNPAB. The purpose of this research is to know and analyze the influence of brand image, trust and halal product to switching barrier and its impact on the loyalty of Tabita cosmetic user. The type of this research is quantitative associative, and the nature of the research is explanatory research. The population of this study was 362 female students, and the sample of research was 190 respondents. Sample technique used in this research is purposive sampling. Data analysis is using path analysis. Results of first submodel research show simultaneously and partial of the brand image have the positive and significant effect to switching barrier. Trust and halal products have no significant positive effect on switching barrier. The results of second submodel research show simultaneously and partial brand image, trust, and halal products have a positive and significant impact on loyalty. The results also show the brand image, trust, and halal products negatively affect loyalty through switching barrier.

This review is about the most prevalent disease Leishmaniasis at the various areas of Pakistan. This paper explains Leishmania as the cause of the disease, geographical distribution of its species, genome, morphology, vector specie, clinical forms, treatment, control and epidemiology of the Leishmania at various provinces and cities of Pakistan and its neighboring countries. The paper briefly concludes the main source of the prevalence of the disease and the precautionary measures that should be taken against Leishmaniasis

The study examined impact of non-performing loans on bank performance in Nigeria between 1990 and 2016. Both return on asset ROA and profit after tax are two financial performance indicators used as dependent variables. Other independent variables used are non-performing loans, loan and advances, total deposits and lending rates. Auto-regressive distributed lags ARDL and Vector auto-regression VAR are applied. The results show that all the variables show significant long and short run relationships with ROA but not with PAT. The relationship between PAT and NPL with other variables are analysed via VAR since cointrgration could not be established. The VAR result indicates that PAT as measure of bank performance is more responsive to changes in total deposits more than any other variable including the NPL. It is concluded that ROA appears to be a better measure of bank performance when studying effects of NPL as it shows that it has significant negative impact on ROA but the PAT does not show any significant response to NPL.

Pulmonary pneumocystis (PCP) is a life-threatening opportunistic infection that can occur in non-AIDS immunocompromized patients, mainly in solid organ transplant recipients, in patients with hematological malignancy and those treated for autoimmune or inflammatory diseases. In human, PCP is caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii. Over the last years, advances in cancer treatments (including new drugs, high dose and intensive chemotherapy with bone marrow or stemcell transplantation) and immunomodulation resulted in an increased number of patients with impaired immunity and risk for PCP.

A two-year retrospective study was carried out on the cases of unnatural deaths with age under 19 years old subjected to medicolegal autopsies from 2014 – 2015.The main objectives of the study were: a) To ascertain the various aspects of unnatural deaths. b) To analyze the probable reasons for the same. c) To find remedial measures to bring down the incidence. The incidence of unnatural deaths was found to be persistently increasing. Maximum number of such deaths 283 (72%) belonged to the age group of 13 - 19 years. Rural population was more prone to poisoning whereas the urban became victim of road-traffic accidents. Males preferred drowning whereas females preferred self-immolation (burns) and poisons to end their own lives.

This research needs to be done because Employee’s Performance on BP SDM ESDM during the last 5 years tends not to reach the target. The purpose of the research is to analyze the effect of leadership style and work motivation on employee performance. The research analytical unit is the employees of the BP SDM ESDM, Number of population is 133 employees by determining the Slovin sample and the questionnaire research instrument. Quantitative analysis method is used in this research with multiple linear regression analysis, followed by determination analysis (R Square), partial hypothesis testing (t test) and simultaneous hypothesis test (F test), alpha (tolerance error) 5 percent. Before spreading the questionnaire first in the validity and reliability test until all questionnaires are valid and reliability. In order to meet the criteria and requirements of multiple linear regression analysis, first classical assumption analysis such as normality test, homogeneity test, and other. SPSS data processing tool version 20.0. The result of this research is that leadership style does not affect on employees’ performance and work motivation have positive and significant effect on partial employees’ performance. The good leadership style applied in motivating employee to work will generate in good employees’ performance.

Abstract: Boosting the micro enterprises (MEs) sector of the economy has featured consistently in the agenda of successive policy makers in Nigeria in recent times. In line with this concern, development planners have gone ahead to identify a key factor to achieving the desired results - steady supply of public electricity. This is because MEs in Nigeria depend very much on public electricity to function. Unfortunately, public electricity supply in Nigeria currently is below capacity, meeting neither the demands of the Nigerian public nor those of organizations including MEs. Using the Social Disorganization Approach of the Functionalist Theory, this study analyzes the challenge of fluctuation in public supply of electricity and examined its impact on the sustainability of MEs in the Southern Senatorial District Cross River State, Nigeria. With the help of the questionnaire, data for the study were generated from 340 operators of MEs in the study area. Using percentages, responses to questionnaires items were analyzed while the Z statistical technique was utilized to test the hypothesis of the study. Results unveiled among other issues that fluctuation in public supply of electricity has a significant negative impact on the profit margin, and consequently, the growth and sustainability of micro enterprises the Southern Senatorial District of Cross River State, Nigeria.

This paper explores and characterizes the relationships between human development and education using critical literature review to engage the strands of argument for basic social justice and quality of life at the crossroads of economics, ethics and politics. The oversold conventional approach to development as an income line, people as a means and markets as a focus of concern has long lost its shine on account of the rise of the Human Development Paradigm which accords education a fundamental role in equipping people with competencies and capabilities to enlarge their choices and enhance their well-being. Accordingly, education offers a new language of hope and possibility about what people can actually acquire overtime to choose their kind of life they value; brings into its orbit social justice and equity by training people not just as an economic enterprise but as an attribute of power relations in the structure of any society; and measures learner evaluation not just in terms of literacy tests but people‟s ability to express their views. As education constitutes both a foundation and a vehicle for building and extending people‟s capabilities, the risk is great that the manner in which it is organised and transacted could always be politically manipulated by the elite and economically deployed as a means to produce an under-class. This paper, therefore, tempers optimism with realism and notes that any given education system is a manifestation of the society that embraces it. Notwithstanding this proclivity, the human development paradigm provides the best chance yet for a life people have reason to value because it offers an ethical-political guide to the imperative of social change and economic growth, using education as a compass; and disproving pay as an exact index of merit.

Abstract: This study was conducted in Nkanga Modiri Molema District Municipalities of North West Province of South Africa. The objective of the study was to determine the implication of climate change on livelihood (Household Food security) and determinants among the small and emerging small-scale maize farmers in the province. A total number of 346 questionnaires were administered to the farmers in the district using stratified random sampling technique. Data were captured and analyzed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 23 and household food insecurity access scale (HFIAS) was employed to categories the food insecurity level. Descriptive analysis was first used to define the data followed by correlation matrix to reveal the variables that are relevant which were used in Binary Logistic regression analysis. However, the results of the analysis expounded some variables that are determinants to the impact of climate change on food security. Furthermore, the HFIAS findings elucidated that about 28.0% are mildly food insecured, 34% are moderately food insecured, while 21% are severely food insecured. It was recommended that the determinants factors such as the source of income, type of farm, land acquired, source of climate change information, the channel of information received on climate change, support received on climate change should be given more attention and addressed. Climate-smart agriculture, as well as conservative agriculture, should be introduced and improved where it has been practiced in the study area.

This research is to determine the influence of competency, organizational commitment, and work discipline for teacher’s performance of SMK N 17 Jakarta. The population in this study amounted to 35 people who directly become the sample. The method used in this research is descriptive method, which is problem solving by describing the object of research at current situation based on the fact. It is analyzed by using tool of Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 21.0. From this research got result that competency variable, organizational commitment and work discipline have influence positive and significant to the performance of teachers SMKN 17 Jakarta.

Abstract: Managing public sector projects is a challenge because of the ethical issues involved during the project procurement process which may ultimately impact the quality, cost and time of the project itself. This review sought to assess the influence of accountability and transparency on ethical decision making in project procurement. A descriptive cross-sectional survey design was used. Population for this study comprised of project managers and internal and external stakeholders. Content analysis and thematic analysis of collected data was conducted. The study established that Disregard to existing systems and procedures compounded by inadequate transparency and accountability mechanisms means that progress in many public projects did not translate into better outcomes. The enhancement of transparency and accountability in contract awarding mechanisms as well as fair and adequate regulations may contribute to the efficiency of tendering practices.

Many generalized families of distributions have been proposed and studied over the last two decades for modeling data in many applied areas. In this paper, depending on the idea of Bourguignon et al., a new family of weighted exponential distribution named as weighted exponential family of probability distributions has been proposed and studied which based on using weighted exponential generator. In addition, weighted exponential - uniform and weighted exponential - Kumaraswamy distributions have been provide as two examples for this new family.

Abstract: Banks are important in the economy because they provide the security to the savings of customers, control the supply of money and credit and encourage public confidence in the working of the financial system. The current study sought to establish the influence of macroeconomic factors on bank performance. This study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The 44 commercial banks registered by central bank participated in the study. The study utilized secondary data which was sourced from CBK annual bank supervision reports over a 10-year period between 2006 and 2015. Descriptive statistics were used to organize the data while regression analysis was also be conducted to establish the relationships between variables in the study. The study found that macroeconomic factors have a strong positive correlation with bank performance. Exchange rates were significant. The study concludes that macroeconomic factors as a whole are important to bank performance. The study recommended that banks should enhance their risk management practices to shield them from grave exchanger rate exposure. This can be achieved through keen monitoring of fluctuations. Keywords: Macroeconomic factors, bank performance, exchange rates, interest rates

Himachal Pradesh experience diverse climatic condition due to wide variation in altitude ranging from 350 m in the southern tract to over 6500 m in the main Himalaya and in the area lying in it6. National highway from Parwanoo to Kaurik is very rich in biodiversity as well as forest cover along side. Along the side of this highway have number of dye yielding woody plants which produce different colours. Locally peoples use these plants for different purposes. Total 51 species belonging to 39 genera and 30 families have been recorded and identified with scientific name, family name, common name, part used and colour. Rosaceae is found to be dominant with 9 species followed by Leguminosae with 6 species, Berberidaceae having 4 spp., Euphorbiaceae having 3 spp., Anacardiaceae and Vitaceae with 2 species each and rest of family having one species each.