Abstract: Tonsillitis is one of the most widely conditions that recurrently affect children in all ages during the childhood. The overall management of tonsillitis is complicated in regard to causes, specific diagnosis and appropriate treatment measures. Therefore, the aim of this review was to highlight the tonsillitis in children with particular stress on the diagnostic and treatment measure that are currently used to deal with pediatric tonsillitis. In conclusion, Bacteria is still the most causative agent with widely used antigen tests for confirmation. Tonsillectomy is still one of the most frequently performed surgical interventions in children.

Many studies have proven an inverse correlation between HDL rate and the risk of evolving toward an ischemic heart disease. This study’s goal is to spot patients with significantly low HDL to attempt finding new eventual elements characterizing this kind of situation, or at least, affirm the stability of those already acquired. It is a transversal study conducted in the biochemistry and toxicology department at the moulay Ismail Military hospital in Meknes over a one year period (June 2014 – June 2015). The retained patients were ones with an HDL lower than 0.20 g/l. Their medical files were taken from the appropriate services to collect on a record operating the interesting data for the study. 50 patients were taken in. Their average age was 51, 7 year old and the sex ration M/W was 1.4. The infections disease followed half of the cases, malaria being the majority with 32% of cases infections. 28% of cases were patients with cancer, 10% patients with diabetes. 6% were psychiatric diseases and 6% were malnutrition associated with inflammation cases. Hypertriglyceridemia was associated to hypoHDLemia in 46% of cases. HypoHDLemia can be transitory with acute infections and disappear along with it. Nevertheless, it can persist with chronical infections such as viral hepatitis, cancer, diabetes and psychiatric diseases, hence the value of a regular control of the lipid profile.

Nigerian economy is largely dominated by a single commodity called crude oil or simply, oil. The management of revenues from this single commoditydriven oil sector has proven ineffective in driving the economy to the required level of development. As a result, the non-oil sector of the economy has been relegated to the background. This scenario, no doubt, indicates serious negative implications on the nation‟s development equation after five decades of oil exploration activities in Nigeria. The problems inherent in this dominating single commodity are that it is not only subject to international price shocks and unfavourable quota arrangement but also depletion. The predicted rate of depletion of the oil reserve has cast doubt on the sustained development of the oil sector. Available statistics show that a good percentage of Nigerians live in abject poverty, unemployment is double-digit and productivity is at its lowest ebb. The economic development periscope of Nigeria has turned towards the non-oil sectors and the promotion of diversification. Diversification does not occur in a vacuum. The paper is purely based on literature from secondary sources, mostly review of available reports, studies and conference presentations, and also conceptual issues. The objective of this paper therefore is to seek possible ways of diversifying the productive base of Nigerian economy in order to achieve sustainable development. It zeros in on „agriculture‟, „infrastructure‟ and „human capital development‟ as options for sustainable development in Nigeria.

This paper describes the application of experimental design techniques to characterize the wear behavior of two medium carbon steels designing with suitable alloying elements, Mn, Si, Al, and Cr. Application of experimental design technique enabled us to confirm the significance of the factors affecting the wear behavior with a minimum number of experiments. Attempt was to find out the dominant parameter on the wear behaviour. The experiments of sliding wear were performed under pressure range of 0.71- 1.98 MPa and sliding velocity range of 3.43-10.43 m/s. the wear specimens were obtained through hot forging process with ~ 92% reduction on the investigated alloys at a temperature of 1100 0C followed by air cooling. Microstructural investigations on the worn surfaces were undertaken. The morphology results and the general wear formulas reveal that applied pressure was found to be the most significant parameter.

Abstract: This research tries to describe jamu ‘herbal medicinal’, tamba ‘medication’, and ritual ‘ritual’ to overcome various diseases and health problems in traditional Javanese medicine using anthropological linguistic approach by qualitative research design. The data collection by participant observation and interview. The results of this study concluded that jamu to maintain health and overcome the types of natural diseases, tamba to overcome a natural diseases, and ritual to overcome an unnatural diseases. Jamu ‘herbal medicinal’ can be distinguished by (1) materials ---plants, animals, natural substances other than plants and animals, (2) tastes ---sweet, bitter, spicy, salty, and (3) types ---jalu usada ‘men medication’, wanita usada ‘women medication’, triguna usada ‘men, women, children medication’, rarya usada ‘children medication’. Tamba ‘medication’ includes (1) tamba njaba ‘external medication’ ---outside patient’s body; (2) tamba njêro ‘internal medication’ ---inside patient’s body; (3) tamba njaba njêro ‘external and internal medication’ ---outside and inside patient’s body’. The ritual ‘ritual’ for healing unnatural diseases which is related to the supernatural world. In addition, there are also rituals to deal with the pagebluk ‘plague’.

The incident before tsunami there are several different madrasah management with madrasah today including: first the madrasah is still an improvement in education less meet the needs of each madrasah. Both centralized madrasah education have such weaknesses as focusing only on system level changes rather than on institutional levels. The three improvement of education more emphasis on the availability of system input (interview with the head of madrasah aliyah Darussalam country). The first formulation of the problem why the head of madrasah needs to have managerial competence in improving the quality of management of madrasah aliyah in the post-tsunami country? Second, how is the managerial competence of head of madrasah aliyah in improving the quality of madrasah aliyah management in post tsunami Aceh? The research objectives are first to find out why the head of madrasah needs to have managerial competence in improving the quality of madrasah aliyah post tsunami. Second want to know how the managerial competence of the head of madrasah aliyah in improving the quality of madrasah aliyah management in post tsunami Aceh. The usefulness of this research is theoretically this research is expected to add and deepen the science in the field of management of Islamic education related to managerial competence of head of madrasah aliyah and improvement of management quality at madrasah aliyah.

Abstract: Hairy cell leukaemia (HCL) is a rare lymphoproliferative disorder. Common mode of presentation is the sequelae of bone marrow failure and its complications. Here we report a patient with an extremely rare presentation of recurrent mono arthritis with pancytopenia which preceded months before the diagnosis of HCL, which was confirmed on a subsequent bone marrow examination. Inflammatory and degenerative aetiologies for monoarthritis were excluded. His joint related symptoms subsided on specific treatment for HCL.

Abstract: Effects of tree canopy shades on Below Ground Microbial Load (BGML) were investigated within Federal University Otuoke. A homogenous forest stand was purposefully demarcated into three sample areas of 1 hectare each in order of limited canopy, and total canopy cover. An open field within the same terrain was also demarcated. A 10m×10m sub-samples were demarcated within each sample area and three sample plots were randomly selected from each area for investigation. Twenty trees (10/sample plot) under limited and total canopy cover were randomly picked. Twenty Leaves were randomly collected from each sample tree for leaf area index measurement. Soil samples were collected from 0-30cm under each canopy shade and taken to the laboratory for microbial load analyses. Chi-square test and correlation analyses were used in data analyses. Results showed that closed canopy has the highest microbial load with mean value of 167 x 10-5, followed by Limited canopy (138 x 10-5). Open canopy had the lowest microbial load of 67x105. Chi- square test shows that microbial load was significantly (P<0.05) higher under close canopy than open field. Microbial population was 501 x 10-5 CFU under close canopy, 415 x 10-5 CFU under limited canopy, and 201 x 10-5 CFU in open field. The coefficient of determination (R2) was 0.15 for closed canopy, R2 = 0.21 for limited canopy. There were weak positive correlations between canopy shades and soil microbial load. The practice of clearing woody trees to improve grassland for livestock production is not recommended. More trees on agricultural lands could improve soil health by attracting below ground populations.

Abstract: Freedom of conscience is one of the fundamental rights of people, because it implies the human freedom and dignity that are above the State. This paper seeks to ponder on the right of objection and the bioethics in medical practice, as well as the way there are other aspects to be considered such as the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, the Official Mexican Regulation 046 (NOM-046-SSA2-2005) and the own right to conscientious objection.

In this paper, we build a formal, rigorous economic model for foreign language learning, taking language input and language output as two crucial factors working jointly to generate language competence. The central idea behind our model is that the learner, constrained by limited resources, is confronted with a tradeoff between input-oriented training and output-oriented training. First, one major contribution of our modeling lies in its effort to reconcile the Input Hypothesis with the Output Hypothesis in the literature by showing that one important aspect of the learner’s learning strategy, i.e. the input-output mix, is crucially dependent on the learning environment. Second, our modeling provides guidelines for data based empirical research, where the partial effects of the variables of interest can be estimated and hypotheses on the directions and magnitudes of the effects can be tested, econometrically. Third, our modeling also provides insights that can assist language instructors in making and fine-tuning teaching strategies.

Abstract: Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy is a very common operation done on obese patients who hope to reduce their weight and cure metabolic syndrome illnesses such as diabetes mellitus type 2 and dyslipidemia. This technique is being widely used for treatment of diabetes. The effectiveness of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy in curing diabetes mellitus was studied on Arab population. We assessed 400 obese patients who underwent laprascopic sleeve gastrectomy from 2011 to 2017 in King Fahd General Hospital in Jeddah, KSA. Out of the 400 patients 93 had diabetes mellitus type 2, which were included in this study. All patients showed an improvement in their body weight, body mass index and fasting blood glucose, however a few patients still showed elevated blood glucose levels after their operations. Based on our results we can conclude that laparascopic sleeve gastrectomy was effective in improving the conditions associated with diabetes mellitus type 2 among local population.

The paper aims to study the sex ratio in districts of Bihar based on decennial census report and analyze the present trend of it. Sex-ratio is one of the most significant demographic and social parameter to show the status and condition of women in the society. According to Census 2011, the sex ratio of India was 943 while it was only 918 in Bihar, which was much less than the national average, as an outcome of patriarchal society, religious belief, traditions and customs aided with modern medical technology. Bihar along with Gujarat and Jammu and Kashmir experienced low sex ratio in 2011 in comparison to 2001 The sex ratio in Bihar has constantly been declining in spite of various social, educational, economic and political developments in the society from 1061 in 1901 to 918 in 2011, which is one of the grave concern and demographic threats for the state. The declining sex ratio is an indicator of low status of female and unequal roles assigned to males and females in Bihar.

Malignant phyllodes breast tumors (PT) have been reported to present with unusual characteristics, including aggressive growth and high potential of recurrences. We report a case of a 26 year old women presented to our constitution with local reccurence after several surgery of PT in the right breast, who necessited wide resection and reconstruction of the chest wall

This paper, in a two-pronged interrogation first contends that the interpretive enterprise has, overtime, drawn, and still draws from disparate insights by seminal thinkers, from Aristotle through Matthew Arnold to the emergence of the „subversive‟ Modern Literary and Critical theories, which are paradoxically „sub- versions‟ of those coalescence of in sights from those of the classical seminal thinkers to the present. Predicating its second contention on the first above, this paper argues that the process of accessing meanings in a literary text presupposes the resolution of a number of issues, issues that border on Attridge‟s (1988) „shifting web of socially produced relations, judgments, and distinctions which eventually opens it to change and cultural variation‟, as well as those issues that transcend the literary to the political, the economic, the psychological, the social, and the philosophical. Consequently, the paper concludes that the interpretation of African literary text may be open to all nature of critics and critical paradigms, but what remains indubitable is the fact that no single critical standard can sufficiently engage the nuances of an African literary text as to present to the readers all its possible vistas, more so, given the composite construct or elements of an African literary text, and the fact that most of those theories were not particularly cognizant of the peculiarities of Africa‟s pre-colonial history , and literary heritage. Further, this paper suggests the employment of diverse critical parameters from across the disparate critical standards in any reading of an African text.

This paper contributes to an understanding of the main factors and actors that create the imperative for educational change in the six member countries of the East African Community (EAC) and how governance dynamics reflect on their policy positions. The method of study is qualitative and uses mainly existing literature as a synthesis. The study notes that the main drivers of educational change in the region are national and political transformation agenda; foreign aid conditionality; the advent and revival of the East African Community; and patronage, clientelism and corruption inherent in the neo-patrimonial set-up of the state. The member countries of the bloc initially drew upon the imperative of nationbuilding back in the 1960s to assign value to educational change as intertwined with Independence from colonial rule. Orthodox reform later assumed greater prominence in the 1980s and 1990s as aid conditionality drastically undermined gains made in educational expansion. Reforms undertaken in late 1990s and 2000s have been in response to the quest for democratisation in East Africa. Amid the clamour for policy convergence on educational change, there is need for a regionwide process of mutual policy borrowing, considerable harmonisation of curricula for secondary & higher education, and increased student and staff mobility. The study concludes that the history of state formation, political competition and statesociety relations in the EAC points to a complex variable of macro policy convergence in educational change and governance that calls for consummate tact as the region seeks a market-mediated identity and contemplates political federation.