One of the most serious complications of DM is cardiovascular disease, particularly among asymptomatic patients or those without glycemic control. Therefore, the aim of the present study was to assess the risk of cardiovascular disease (Heart attack, congestive heart failure, stroke and deep vein thrombosis) among Saudi Diabetic patients. In this study, bout 1406 diabetic patients’ records were retrieved from different hospitals and primary health centers in Hail region, Northern Saudi Arabia. The overall prevalence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among Saudi diabetic patients was 10.2%. The highest prevalence rate of cardiovascular conditions was pointed out to heart attack followed by stroke, CHF and DVT representing 4%, 3%, 1.6%, and 1.5%, respectively. The prevalence rates of CVD are relatively higher among Saudi diabetic population. There is urgent need for implementing specific strategies to decrease the prevalence of CVD among Saudi diabetic patients.

Presently an experiment was conducted so as to understand the moulting behaviour in freshwater crab Maydelliatelphusa masoniana in the laboratory conditions. Out of eight crabs only five could moult while three died during ecdysis. All the crabs exhibited the same pattern of moulting viz., appearance of double lining in pereiopods, the old carapace becoming light in colour follow by its split along the posterolateral margin of the dorsal side, anterolateral border of the ventral side and posterior border of the chelipeds and legs. A new pre-exuvial soft layer is formed below the old carapace. The whole process of moulting got completed within 20-25 minutes.

In present study an attempt was made to prepare microballoons of Telmisartan by emulsion solvent diffusion technique for sustained delivery by using polymers like Ethyl cellulose to extend the drug release for about 12 hours in the upper GIT, which may result in enhanced absorption and there by improved bioavailability. Formulation optimization of Telmisartan loaded microballoons was carried out by using different concentration of Polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and Ethyl cellulose. Total 9 batches were formulated. All 9 batches were evaluated for entrapment efficiency (EE) and buoyancy. Among all batches DP4 shows maximum entrapment efficiency (EE) and buoyancy and was considered as optimized formulation. DP4 batch was further used for process optimization. The process optimization was carried out at three different stirring speeds i.e. 1300, 1500 and 1700 rpm for three different stirring time period i.e. 1hr, 2hr and 3 hr and another 9 batches were formulated. Out of all the batches DP13 showed the spherical shape of microballoons without formation of flakes. Optimized batch DP13 was evaluated for Zeta Potential, Particle Size Distribution which show -41.8mV and 1.344 µm particle size, SEM, XRD Analysis. Batch DP13 was charged for stability and were placed in glass vials container and stored at ICH storage condition (2°C - 4°C Refrigeration condition , 30 ± 2°C / 60% ± 5% RH , 40 ± 2°C / 75% ± 5% RH ) for a period of 30 days. The samples were analyzed for physical appearance, buoyancy and for the drug release after 30 days. After 1 months samples were withdrawn and microballoons showed no change in physical appearances, buoyancy and drug release, which indicate that the microballoons were stable.

The Murrel fish (Channa striata) is a of freshwater fish species, native to South Asian region and it contains high nutritional values. The murrel fish is a good source of Omega fatty acids and proteins, omega fatty acids and proteins helps to speed up the healing processes. For the present study Murrel Fish is purchased from local market of Aurangabad (MS) India. The fatty acid composition of oil extracted from Murrel fish has been investigated. Fatty acid composition of the oil is determined by Gas Chromatography. It is found that the Murrel Fish is rich in Palmitic acid, Stearic acid, Oleic acid, and Linoleic acid. Arachidonic acid, Behenic acid & Ricinoleic acid are also found in Murrel fish.

This study aims to determine the effect of service quality, brand image and promotion of purchasing decisions at MCU Eka Hospital. The research design used was quantitative and descriptive. The study population included 396 service users of MCU Eka Hospital. The sample size is 76 respondents by using purposive sample method. The research data was collected by distributing questionnaires to obtain the required data. Data testing techniques include instrument test and classical assumption test. Methods of data analysis used are multiple linear regression analysis method, t test, f test, coefficient of determination test (R2) and inter-dimensional correlation analysis with the help of SPSS 23.0 for windows program. The results showed that the quality of service, brand image and promotion have a significant positive effect simultaneously to the purchase decision at MCU Eka Hospital. Partially the quality of service has a significant positive effect on purchasing decision, brand image has a significant positive effect on purchasing decision and promotion have a significant positive effect on purchasing decision. Further research is suggested to add other variables that influence purchasing decisions that have not been used in this study such as price, product and customer relationship management.

Nowadays, Aquatic pollution has become a global problem. Fishes are sensitive to a wide variety of pesticide chemicals. The effect of Cypermethrin (25% EC) pesticide on behaviour and histopathology of black molly, P. latipinna is studied. The 96hr LC50 concentration is found as 0.035ppm. 1/10th of the concentration 0.0035ppm is used for this study. Decreased swimming activity, excessive secretions of mucous around opercular region are observed in Cypermethrin exposed fishes. The gill histopathological changes observed in at 1st, 4th, 8th, 12th and 16th day of 0.0035ppm exposure exhibited gill lamellae includes less affected and less damages in the gill structures, curling and fusion and shortening of gill lamellae, severe necrosis in primary and secondary gill lamellae, club shaped secondary gill lamellae. Cypermethrin (25% EC) pesticide becomes toxic to the aquatic organisms even in low concentration.

School feeding has been an effective safety net that has prevented countries affected by economic challenges from adopting negative coping strategies. The study assessed the food quality of the Ghanaian School Feeding Programme in Bawku Municipality, in the Upper East Region. Some of the specific objectives were; to assess the wholesomeness of the foodstuffs used in the preparation of meals for the school pupils and also examining the impacts of the school feeding programme on the basic education in the Bawku Municipality. The study highlighted some of the challenges confronting caterers who are involved in the school feeding programme. A survey research design was employed to obtain the data from primary and secondary sources. The primary data was obtained through a structured questionnaire administered to 120 respondents in 10 randomly selected public primary six pupils and two caterers each from the selected schools in Bawku Municipality. The retrieved data was analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20.0 and the results were presented in the form of tables and figures. The results showed that (70%) of the basic schools under the school feeding programme in Bawku Municipality enjoy quality food and this has led to an increased in pupils’ enrolment, and class attendance. The major challenges were found to be the delay in releasing of funds to caterers. It was recommended that, the government of Ghana should provide the Municipal Assembly with resources to help monitor and evaluate the implementation of the program for improvement. Moreover, the municipal assembly should find a better storage facility for the schools under the GSFP to help keep the food safe for a longer period without introducing chemicals that has a longer effect on the food and harmful to pupils.

Aqueous plant extracts in ophthalmic preparations is not uncommon. Folklore (Indigenous) herbal preparations in this regard claim to cure eye diseases need to be explored. Antimicrobial potency of such herbal formulation is studied with comparison of its efficacy against selected pathogens associated with eye diseases helps for its standardization and validation as well. Hence Herbal formulations were taken and their antimicrobial efficacy was compared with standard treatises against wide range of eye pathogens. Both agar well and disc diffusion methods were followed for this purpose. Effect of extract on viability of microbes was also studied taking absorbance data at 600nm spectral wavelength. The multidrug resistance of the strains was also tested prior to their use in antimicrobial sensitivity test. The antibacterial efficacy of standard eye drop showed highest zone of inhibition against E. coli and lowest against P. vulgaris. Similarly the indigenously prepared eye drop was found to be with fewer efficacies. However the 50% diluted ophthalmic preparation showed higher degree of inhibition was revealed. The study explored that the diluted and standardized indigenously prepared ophthalmic solution can be used as a more potential drug at least against microbe associated and induced eye diseases.

Silymarin, a flavonolignan contain phenolic and flavanoid component from Silybum marianum plant, is used for the strengthening against various liver conditions in both experimental models and clinical settings. Silybum marianum (milk thistle) has been used for centuries as an herbal medicine for the treatment of liver disease. Its use for various liver disorders due to drug as well as environmental factors. Silybum marianum contains silymarin, which is composed of the flavanolignans silybin, silydianin, and silychristine, with silybin being the most biologically active. Number of studies has established the cancer chemo preventive role of silymarin in both in vitro and in vivo models. Silymarin modulates imbalance between cell survival and apoptosis through intervention with the expressions of cell cycle regulators and proteins involved in apoptosis. Silymarin was found to be effective in the illness of organs like brain, prostate, lungs, heart, kidneys, pancreas and others. Silymarin act mainly by its antioxidative and free radical-scavenging properties, recently new molecular mechanisms based on the specific receptor interaction were discovered – e.g., modulation and inhibition of drug transporters, estrogenic receptors, P-glycoprotein, nuclear receptors and some others

W.H Auden belongs to Key 1930s and Philip Larkin belongs to The Movement. Even though they belong to different genres of poetry, they have some similarities and differences. In the early age, Philip Larkin was influenced by W.H Auden. Through W.H Auden’s poem, Larkin sought his own voice. Therefore this paper makes a comparison between W.H Auden and Philip Larkin. From this paper we will have a clear understanding on their differences as well as similarities. According to the comparison, it will help us understand the two poets more clearly.

Chondroid syringoma is a rare benign skin tumor that is mainly located on the face and neck. It is characterized by a high risk of recurrence, hence the interest of complete excision and prolonged surveillance. A 42-year-old patient presenting with a subcutaneous benign eyebrow tumor, 8mm in diameter. After the enucleation of the tumor, the anatomo-pathological examination objectified a chondroid syringoma. No recurrence after a decline of 3 years. Chondroid syringoma is a rare tumor of the sweat glands, located mainly at the level of the face and the neck, the treatment is based on a complete exeresis of the tumor. The knowledge of this pathology is important because the possibility of recurrence or malignant transformation exists, hence the interest of a prolonged surveillance

Vascular tissues respond as an inflammation to adverse stimuli like pathogens, bruised cells or an irritant. An inflammation manifests itself as redness, swollen joints, pain at joints, stiff joints and impaired joints. Currently inflammation is treated by NSAIDS. However, drugs used to treat inflammation can potentially lead to enhanced risks of blood clotting which in turn can end up fatal heart attacks or strokes. This scenario has hence necessitated a search for alternate drugs derived from medicinal plants. Their chemical diversity also make them rich and possible sources of drugs without accompanying adverse side effect. Therefore a study in this direction will be both rewarding and unfulfilling. The objective of this study was to evaluate the antiinflammatory activity from the ethanol extract of whole plant of Caralluma umbellata in carrageenan induced paw edema in Wistar Albino rats. This study was compared to a positive control drug, indomethacin. The ethanol extract was given in a concentration of 200 and 400 mg/kg body weight. Ethanol extract of C. umbellata whole plant with a concentration of 400 mg/kg b.w. showed maximum (85.44%) inhibition on carrageenan induced rat paw edema at 3rd hour. The effect was significantly (p<0.001) higher than that of the standard drug indomethacin (84. 78%). From the result, it can be concluded that the antiinflammatory activity of C.umbellata ethanol extract of whole plant may be due to the presence of secondary metabolites in the extract.

Major challenge in ophthalmic drug delivery system is to locate the drug in precorneal site for some time as the applied dose has been washed out quickly in the lachrymal drainage. As well as it has been always a challenge in the drug delivery to formulate poorly soluble compound as conventional ophthalmic delivery like eye drops. Hence the purpose of the present study is to formulate ophthalmic in-situ nanoemulgels which are generally liquids at room temperature but exhibit sol‐to‐gel phase transition on the ocular surface due to change in specific physicochemical parameter like ionic strength, pH or temperature. The formulation was so designed to prolong the precorneal resident time thereby getting sustained delivery of drug and to improve bioavailability of poorly soluble model drug of curcumin by distributing it in nano globules of dispersed system. Different parameters of fabricated nanoemulgel like gelling capacity, gelation temperature, droplet size analysis, stability study, and refractive index, viscosity, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and drug release profile are evaluated. The physico-chemical evaluation reveals good rheological properties with instantaneous gelling capacity. Fourier Transform Infrared analysis (FTIR) study showed absence of incompatibility between the drug and polymer. The globular size found in nanometer range (below 200nm) and uniformity in size distribution (ploydispersity index 0.215-0.53) is studied by Malvern Zetasizer. Accelerated stability analysis ascertained the stability of formulation after storing at 40°C ± 2°C/75% RH ± 5% RH for 3 months. The drug release study of the formulations revealed sustained release of drug for the study period of 5 hours ranging from 31.87±2.12 to 61.77%±1.27. The developed thermosensitive nanoemulgel formulation is an effective ophthalmic delivery for getting sustained action of poorly soluble compound like curcumin

This study aimed at studying the epidemiology and prevalence of risk factors for cardiometabolic diseases. 254 male subjects aged between 30 and 60 years old and apparently in good health having consented freely. They were randomly selected from 10 health areas, including 5 in urban area (n=107) and 5 in rural area (n=147), in Dschang Health District. After obtaining the ethical clearance, the level of physical activity, the data on socio-demographic conditions and smoking were identified by a simplified questionnaire. With the help of nurses and investigators, anthropometric measurements, blood pressure, umbilical perimeter, waist circumference, body mass index and fasting blood glucose were measured. Approximately 5 ml of blood was taken at the elbow for biochemical assays. The collected data were submitted to the EPI-InfoTM version 7.1.5.0. Software. Results showed that 83% of people were inactive in rural area and the 41-50 age group was more inactive (18.03%) whereas in the urban area there was 76.19% of inactive people and the 51-60 age group recorded the most inactive individuals (43.83%) (P>0.05). The inactive population showed 38.24% overweight and 14.7% obese. Smokers represented only 20.55% in rural area and 16.82% in urban area. Triglycerides, which were higher among smokers in rural area (349 ±49.23 mg/dl at P>0.05) than in the urban area for former smokers (343.78 ±48.08 mg/dl) who had a higher rate but without significant difference with the other categories of smokers (P>0.05). Atherosclerosis index of smokers from urban area was higher without significant difference compared to other groups.

The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male reproductive system, and exists directly under the bladder, in front of the rectum with approximately the size of a walnut. Male hormones affect the growth of the prostate, and also how much prostate specific antigen the prostate produces. Medications aimed at altering male hormone levels may affect prostate specific antigen blood levels. The tumor is graded with one of the most accurate ways of determining the aggressiveness of prostate cancer by the Gleason Scale. Factors like race, family history and life style influence the risk of the occurrence of the disease. Because of the slow progression of the disease, symptoms are rarely seen. However, the choice of treatment strategy is dependent on many factors, like patient preference, and quality of life aspects. It is expected that within a near future, the focal treatment approaches like surgery, radiation therapy, hormonal, and chemotherapy would be much more developed without minimal side effects. And most importantly, proper dietary management may keep away a person from prostate cancer risk