The purpose of this paper is to identify the factors that influence the customers' Attitude to patronise Islamic bank by applying theory of planned behaviour. The literature on Islamic banking is extensive and focuses on customers‟ behaviour, yet it is still unclear what variables may have a potential impact on customers‟ attitude. The Islamic bank customers‟ patronising factors were long discussed in the literature, but the predictors of customers‟ attitude toward Islamic banks according to the theory of planned behaviour has not been thoroughly discussed. The predictors of attitude were examined within theoretical framework. This study proposed and developed a framework using the Islamic bank customers selection criteria (product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust) as determinant of attitude. The framework is open for quantitative test which can form a genera for future researches in the area of determinates of Islamic bank customers Attitude. The theoretical framework incorporates customers selection criteria that are likely determine the customers attitude to patronise Islamic banks. The framework suggests that selection criterias‟ namely: product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust determine the customers attitude to patronise Islamic banks. This study integrates the selection criteria (product features, service quality, social responsibility practices and trust) to determine the attitude in the theoretical framework. The previous studies untapped the integration of customers selection criteria to patronise Islamic banks in the theory of planned behaviour.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of using parametric multiple comparison tests (e.g. Duncan test) after Kruskal-Wallis test on type I error rate and test power. Results of simulation study showed that Kruskal-Wallis tests are nonparametric alternative of one-way analysis of variance especially when normality assumption is not satisfied. Research showed that parametric multiple comparison tests can be used then the non-parametric tests. For this propose; Duncan Method (DUNNR) is used instead of Nonparametric Dunn's method (DUNN) after Kruskal-Wallis (H) test. Random numbers from N (0,1), (3), (5,3) distributions were generated; with the various sample sizes (n=3, 5, 7, 10, 15, 30), group numbers (k=3, 4, 5) and the different variance ratios ( 2=1:1:1, 1:1:4, 1:1:10) in this study, The aim of study was determination of the possibility of use parametric pair wise multiple comparison; by determination of type I error and power of tests instead of no-parametric pair wise multiple comparison tests can be used.

The fitness centre is the rapidly growth industrial in providing a leisure time services (Industrial leisure). Specifically so many trade mark in fitness centre, like Olympic Gym, Fitness First, Celebrity Fitness, Fit By Beat, Gold‘s Gym, ATLAS Athletic, and Ade Rai‘s Club make the tight competition in the industrial leisure, so that it needs the optimal effort from every fitness centre to survive, so that a firm in the industrial leisure should make a strategic planning for getting the comparative advantages. By looking for a new customer, the fitness center takes so much time and human resource to simulate the customer‘s behavior. To attract a new customer, the fitness centre must design the interesting program for keeping the customer‘s loyalty effectively and efficiently.. Simultaneously The customer retention reflects how much the customer‘s loyalty can attain, this retention gives a sign for management to build the brand image in customer‘s heart emotionally. Commonly The customer‘s behavior points how much their loyalty to take retention purchase. By increasing quality and services, absolutely the customer’s loyalty can be maximized for getting this retention more and more. The important key for increasing corporate services is to design an interactive program between customer and employee. By firing the trouble maker employee, the management must improve the interaction quality. To keep an environment quality, the standard of services can be established objectively. By reviewing the customer‘s participant in daily activity, the management can structure the result‘s quality.

Genetic modification (GM) technology in food is a new variety of food choices for Malaysian consumers. Majority of the consumers have no or limited knowledge on GM technology and food. However, some of the products in foreign countries are GM food, hence, it is important to understand consumers‟ perception to provide policy makers, government agencies, and industry players a clear view on the effect of imported GM food in Malaysia. Semi structure interview was adopted in this study to have an in-depth understanding on consumers‟ perception on GM food. Consumers with basic knowledge on GM technology and food were involved in this study. The finding indicated that attitude, relative advantage, compatibility, perceived control behaviors (PCB) and observability in term of information were positively related to adoption intention. Complexity has a negative relation with adoption intention. As majority of consumers have no knowledge on GM food and there are no labeling of GM food in Malaysia market, hence subjective norm, trialability and observability of physical products were not obvious at the time of study. Consumers‟ perception toward a new innovation is important which all relevant sectors able to generate better strategy plan to promote the new products as well as provide protection to the consumers, in this case, the uncertainty of long term health issues and transparency of information.

The objective of this paper is to assess the impact of microcredit on the socio-economic performance of microenterprises in Morocco. It is also to examine the determinants of granting loans by microcredit institutions. The approach used consists on developing a model based on the Probit model for its flexibility and analytical empirical validation using data from a survey undertaken on forty microenterprises which benefited from micro credit financing in the northern region of Morocco.

Inventory management requires high investment in the company, including spare parts companies. Currently, inventory problems at spare-parts Company that is too many types of components (spare parts), some components (spare parts) there are overstock, some others stock-out, and planning the purchasing of components (spare parts) still quite often using intuition. The purpose of this study is to improve inventory management performance solve the inventory problems at Indonesia spare-part company, so the company can establish an economical supply budget by setting safety stock, minimum stock, maximum stock, and order quantities of each components (spare parts) required to Obtain the inventory cost saving. This study was initiated through the stages of ABC analysis to determine the grade of material on each item, and then continued with inventory count minimum, maximum, safety stock, the value of the average inventory, total inventory cost, turnover ratio and inventory turnover, followed by comparing results of a calculation method of the min-max with existing method, The results of applied research with min-max method was found to increased turnover ratio (TOR), inventory turnover (ITO), lower average inventory values and total inventory cost (TIC) to obtain reduce inventory cost.

The study was designed to assess the performance of carbon at Malaysia. Landscape development plays an important role in the global carbon cycle. They produce a large proportion of CO2 emissions, but they also sequester and store carbon in our environment. The carbon footprint analysis is an established method for systematically quantifying carbon sinks and sources throughout the lifetime of goods and services. There are three stages of carbon contributors were identified through document review and expert’s validation, which is construction stage, operation stage and maintenance stages. The paper presents the carbon footprint analysis of landscape development stages that was recently constructed in the permonade Percint 8, Putrajaya. Field measurement was conducted and the collected data were analyzed using SMART PLS (Partial least squares). Findings of the study highlighted that construction stage give the highest significant to carbon contribution with a path coefficient 0.748. The study also shows that the construction stage is the largest contributor due to the presence of a large number of facilities and activities in landscape developments compared to the maintenance stage. Particularly this is also related to the material and equipment used during the construction stage. The study suggested that the construction stage need to be considered when developing a sustainable landscape design. Finally, the recommendations on how to reduce carbon emissions in landscape development stages especially in Malaysia were highlighted.

Along with the rapid development of information technology the existence of the museum must also follow the existing changes, which must adapt to the needs and wants and young people. Youth segment is a huge market potential in Indonesia. This research is to explain about the implementation of experiential marketing strategy to make museum as one of tourist destination in Surabaya. Data collection techniques based on interviews with museum managers as well as from the observation of museums in the field, with attention to aspects of sense, feel, think, act and relate. The population in this study is the existing museum in Surabaya, where there are 18 museums in Surabaya, and the sample of this research is 6 museums in Surabaya (Museum of Cancer, Museum Of Sampoerna, Submarine Monument, Surabaya Museum, Health Museum, and Ethnographic Museum). This research uses qualitative research method with analytic descriptive approach, where this research only describes and analyzes existing variable that is implementation of experiential marketing at museum in Surabaya. The results showed that almost all the museums in Surabaya have not applied the concept of experiential marketing completely. In addition, almost all museums are in poor condition and still old-fashioned, and this is not suitable for the youth market. From this study it is also known that the museums in Surabaya have not been able to touch the emotional and psychological aspects of the visitors, whereas completing the visit to the museum does not feel an emotional touch and the latter will not encourage visitors to re-visit.

Background: It was an experimental comparative study conducted in Sudan, faculty of healthy sciences at Alsheikh Abdallah Elbadri University, among 144 Sudanese and non-Sudanese volunteers, age between 16 to 49 years old. ECG was done before and after exposure to mobile cell phone and both results was compared. The mobile cell phone was placed on chest pocket level during silent modes. Objectives: The study was aimed to detect the effect of silent mobile phone electromagnetic radiation on ECG parameters in both genders. Results: ECG parameters mean +STD of P, PR, ST and QT have significant change within normal range correlated with heart rate and rhythm, while the mean +STD of QRS duration and T wave has no significant changes. Conclusion: The mobile phone wave during silent mode has direct effect on ECG parameters which leads to sinus arrhythmia.

Needle stick injury (NSIs) is the main transmission source of blood borne infection among health care workers all over the world. Nurses are at high risk of needle stick injury with acquisition of blood-borne infection by pathogens while performing their clinical activities in the hospitals. Thus, this study aim was to assess the knowledge and practice of nurses regarding needle stick injury in Public Hospitals Lahore, Pakistan. Cross sectional study technique was used in the current study. Self-administered questionnaire was distributed among 186 nurses through convenient random sampling. Descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. Finding of this study shows that most of the nurses have good knowledge about needle stick injury but application of the knowledge in their practical work was poor. The study recommends that the health education program for needle stick injury and prevention measure should be introduced to all the nurses intensively and encourages them to apply during their daily practice.

Background: In the present era almost all of the outstanding health care organizations have status because of the immense contributions of their employees especially Nurses and Doctors. These organizations pay to their employees according to their role and performance. The purpose of the study was that the impact of job satisfaction can affect Nurses performance. Methods: Total 111 participants were selected for this study as sample. It was a cross sectional descriptive study. For data collection self-administered structured questionnaire was used and data was collected from three tertiary hospitals of Lahore, Pakistan. Data was analyzed on SPSS version 16 statistical software. The results were analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics frequency, percentage were used for data analysis. Results: There were total 111 questionnaires were distributed and 100 participants returned the questionnaire. Results of the study revealed that the age of the nurses was 21-25 years (50%), and 26-30 years (39%). 91% were female, mostly were found with diploma (38%) and BSc (45%). An experience of the nurses between 1-6 years was 82%. Mostly nurses were satisfied with their performance (93%) were replied Yes, mostly nurses were not satisfied with the current service structure 73% answered No. 71% nurses were satisfied with their salary. 79% (Yes) were really satisfied with the all types of activities that lead to them towards good performance. There were mix response of the nurses about the regarding present incentives. Conclusion: This study results show this is the female dominant profession and mostly nurses were satisfied with their present performance. Majority of nurses were satisfied with their current salary, but they were not satisfied with their present inducements and service structure of the nurses. Generally nurses think that annual inducements and salaries effects on nurses‟ job satisfactions which lead to the good performance and there health care system will more develop.

Depression is a major public health problem. It is the most common mood disorder in later life associated with serious consequences, including; disability, functional decline, diminished quality of life, increased mortality and increased service utilization. This study aims to assess the impact of a health promotion program on quality of life, depressive symptoms and feeling of loneliness among institutionalized elderly in Egypt. Design: a quasi-experimental one group pre-posttest research design was utilized. Sample: A convenience sample of (60) institutionalized elderly was selected. Setting: the study was conducted at Dar El- Hanna nursing home. Tools of the study: A structured questionnaire included personal data, health assessment data and institutionalization data. Quality of life index, UCLA loneliness scale as well as geriatric depression scale were utilized. Results: revealed that, more than half of elderly were institutionalized due to absence of caregivers. A statistically significant relationship was found between duration of residence, and quality of life. There were statistically significant relationships between mean scores in pre and posttest for quality of life index in relation to satisfaction aspect at p=0.001*, overall quality of life scale (at p=0.008*), UCLA loneliness scale (at p=0.001*) and geriatric depression scale (at p-0.003*). Conclusion: the study concluded that application of health promotion program for institutionalized elderly had a positive impact on reducing depressive symptoms and level of loneliness and has improved quality of life among institutionalized elderly. Recommendation, Further psychosocial intervention and qualitative studies are needed to overcome loneliness and depression and to improve quality of life among institutionalized elderly. A specialized gerontological mental health nurses should be there for elderly in nursing homes in Egypt. Elderly should also be involved in regular physical, mental and recreational activities to enhance their physical, social and psychological health and wellbeing.

Background: Visual impairment can have a significant effect on an individual’s functioning and their interaction with their physical and social environments and it is associated with disability and poor quality of life. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of an educational program to improve the quality of life (QoL) in elderly patients with visual impairment. Design: A quasiexperimental pre test-and-post test design was utilized. Setting: The study was conducted at the ophthalmology outpatient clinics and ophthalmology department at Zagazig University Hospitals. Sample: Aconsecutive sampling technique of 70 elderly with visual impairment who fulfilled the study inclusion criteria. Tools:Two tools were used to collect the study data: I) A structured interview questionnaire consisted of five parts. II) Low Vision Quality Of Life (LVQOL) , The study was conducted through assessment, planning, implementation, and evaluation phases. Results: The study results revealed that the duration of visual problems ranged between 1.0 and 26.0 years, mostly bilateral (64.3%), and had negative impacts on their life (92.9%). Elderly had deficient related knowledge, with low Quality of Life (QoL) and high dependency in DLAs. The educational program was effective in improving their knowledge, QoL and independence in DLAs . Conclusion: The findings emphasize the importance of well-designed patient education programs. Recommendation: Further research is suggested to explore the effectiveness of multiple-approach nursing interventions in improving the QoL of elderly with visual problems.

Violence affects lives of millions of woman worldwide, in all societies, one of the most heinous and shocking forms among them is DOWRY DEATH, is one among the various reasons for suicidal (i.e. abetted suicide) and homicidal deaths of women in India, other being marital infidelity, sexual jealousy etc. This study done at Government Mohan kumaramangalam Medical College, Salem , was conducted during the period January 2014 – December -2015. Aims and objectives were to know the magnitude, socio etiologic profile and methods used for committing suicide/homicide, and various other factors affecting the alarming rise in incidence of dowry death and also to lend valuable suggestion to concerned authorities to prevent this heinous social evil of our society. Most of the victims were aged between 20 to 24 years of age, maximum of the victims died within three years of married life, most commonly between 1 to 2 years of married life. Burns is the most common method used for dowry deaths.

Mauritanian classroom has been regarded as male public space. This has affected the academic achievement of female students, which in turn is likely to influence negatively their social, economic and political visibilities. As such, females’ participation in the classroom activities becomes an inviting topic to be explored. The current study, thereby, aims to unveil the reasons of highly inhibited and highly exuberant female students in the classroom. In so doing, observations and interviews were carried out on 8 students studying at the Modern University of Nouakchott. The findings revealed that inhibition, depreciation of participation, devaluation of speech in mixed environment, peers’ negative comments, and distant and/or female professors, were the main factors hindering female students’ participation. Factors that have been rated as strong promoters of participation, however, were: positive perception of participation, “modern thinking,” wellrounded knowledge about the topic, the type of topic studied, accessible professors, and learner-centered approach.