To evaluate clinical performance of three different resin composites (microfilled, nanohybrid, nanofilled) polished with one-step polishing system in cervical restorations after 24 month. Thirty adult patients were selected from outpatient clinics with a total of 90 restorations (30 of each type of dental composite resin). All of the restorations were finished using fine grit finishing diamond under water-cooling to remove gross excess and polished with one-step polishing system. All restorations showed only minor changes and no differences were detected between their performance at any time period. Nanofill and nanohybrid composite resin showed a satisfactory clinical performance after 24 month as microfill composite resin.

Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic, autoimmune, systemic disease, characterized by polyarthritis, erosive synovitis and sometimes shows multi system involvement. Oxidative damage induced by reactive species has been related to the pathophysiology of RA. The inflammation in the joints leads to joint damage and thus influences the quality of life in these patients. This work was undertaken to determine oxidative stress markers in patients with rheumatoid arthritis and to observe its correlation with inflammatory markers. Malondialdehyde (MAD) and Nitric oxide (NO) are estimated as the markers of oxidative stress and High sensitivity C-reactive protein (hsCRP) is measured as a marker of inflammation. A cross-sectional study in rheumatoid arthritis patients and healthy controls was done. We included 40 rheumatoid arthritis patients and 40 healthy controls. MDA, NO and hsCRP are measured in all the subjects. Statistical analyses were done using SPSS statistical software version 17.0. MDA, NO and hsCRP levels were increased in RA patients when compared to controls (p<0.001) and a positive correlation between the inflammatory marker and oxidative stress markers was also observed in these patients. The value of R is 0.7277 for MDA and hsCRP where as R value is 0.6153 for NO and hsCRP. The findings of present study support the concept of oxidative stress leading to tissue damage and inflammation. The positive correlation between inflammation and oxidative stress in these patients indicate the importance of correction of oxidative stress along with inflammation, further large and well controlled studies are needed to establish the role of anti oxidants in treatment protocols of RA patients.

Mandible is one of the strongest bones of the facial skeleton; still it is it has structures like condyles which are prone to fracture due to its anatomy and distribution of heavy masticatory and other functional load. Mandibular condyle fracture accounts for 25-35% of the mandibular fractures. A prospective demographic study was done at Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, Davangere, to determine condylar fractures occurring in north Karnataka region. A total of 16 condylar fractures were assessed in a period 2015- 2017.

Mentorship programs have been established in pharmacy education, both on the undergraduate and graduate levels. These programs are anticipated to improve the learning experience of mentees. The aim of this review was to assess the role and outcome of mentoring on pharmacy education. A systematic search of PubMed/Medline electronic database was conducted from 2000–2017, with relevant keywords (mentor OR mentorship) AND (pharmacy education OR pharmacy practice OR pharmacy training). Studies were screened by two independent reviewers for eligibility and data were extracted. This systematic review focused on the outcomes associated with application of mentorship programs in different educational settings. Our search retrieved 180 unique citations. Eight cross-sectional studies with a total of 662 pharmacy graduates were included. From included participants, there were 36 (5.4%) Masters, 58 (8.75%) pharmacy doctorates, 22 (3.3%) Baccalaureates, 60 (10%) assistant professors, and 20 (3%) PhD. All included studies reported that mentoring programs were successful, effective; and improved research skills, team working; and supported students' confidence. This study demonstrated that mentoring programs are effective, promising, and can be used as an adjunct to enhance student confidence, scientific, and professional efficiency. Outcomes of mentorship can be on organizational level, on mentees’ level, and on mentors' level. Thus, applying mentorship in pharmacy educational programs is expected to have significant results. We recommend further follow-up and research for the effectiveness of mentoring programs in all medical fields.

The main objective of this study was to identify causes and perceived effects of rainfall variability on access to water in Baringo County. The study used a descriptive survey design. Purposeful sampling and stratified proportionate random sampling procedures were used to obtain the sample. A total of 376 households were selected for the study. Questionnaire, key informant interview schedule and observations were the main instruments of data collection. Analysis of data was done using the Statistical Package of Social Sciences (SPSS). Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the effects and causes of climate change in Baringo County. Rainfall variability affected access to water in Baringo County. More frequent and severe droughts were perceived to be responsible for the reduced water level in Lake Baringo and intermittency of most rivers that were previously permanent. Deforestation is the main cause of rainfall variability in Baringo County hence there is need to increase awareness on climate variability and change and encourage people to use alternative sources of energy and plant trees.

Abstract: Education as a means of achieving economic development has become a respectable and challenging subject for scholarly research and analysis. Most studies indicate that many children are growing up without proper guidance from their parents. The parents/ guardians are largely absent and housemaids, the media and peers have become the main socialization agents of most children today. This study established the part guardians and parents play in addressing students’ discipline problems in public day secondary schools in Nakuru sub County, Nakuru County, Kenya. Nakuru East sub-County has 31 public day secondary schools, 18,600 students, 31 principals, and 806 teachers. Sixteen schools were randomly selected for the study. Data was collected from 80 parents, 50 students, and 24 teachers who were selected randomly from the 16 schools using questionnaires. Eight principals were also interviewed. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive statistics while qualitative data was analyzed using the thematic technique. Result found that stealing/ theft, skiving or truancy, and distraction in class were the most common forms of indiscipline in the schools. It was also found that there is little involvement of parent in addressing disciplinary issues. The study did arrive at a concrete verdict regarding the parenting styles of most parents/ guardians because different stakeholders have varying views. However, all stakeholders agreed that parenting style influences students’ discipline to a great extent. The study recommends that stakeholder particular teachers educate parents regarding parenting styles and their impact on student’s behavior. The study also recommends strengthening cooperation between teachers, students, principals, and parents so as to enhance discipline within the schools.

As one of Chinese four great classic novels, A Dream of Red Mansions, which is considered as the encyclopedia of feudal society, is of great value to be studied. Up to now, most researches mainly focus on the translation, cultural and pragmatic fields. When it comes to the investigation on the dialogue in this works, most researches just center on the leading roles in the novel. Whereas, attention paid to the subordinate figures such as Granny Liu. Taking Granny Liu’s typical dialogues extracted from the English version of A Dream of Red Mansions translated by famous translator Yang Hsien-yi as corpus, this thesis launched an exploration on how the subordinate figures Granny Liu carried out communication in the three aspects of RT respectively including the ostensive-reference process, context and cognitive environments, and the optimal relevance. Surely, this analysis can exert favorable influence on readers to evaluate Granny Liu more comprehensively and objectively, and also nudges readers to appreciate the exquisite and superb artistic charm of this novel and digest the writer’s creation intension. Meanwhile, this analysis is of substantial benefit to expand the research objective and field about Relevance Theory.

Abstract: The weight of youth unemployment is felt globally with over 70 million youths being unemployed across the globe causing a decline in youth participation in the labour force. Kenya with the largest economy in East Africa has the highest unemployment rate in the region with 39% of the active population unemployed. The various initiatives by the government to alleviate youth unemployment has achieved much and the rate of youth unemployment is high in Nairobi City County due to migration to the city in search for employment, with Clay City Ward being the highest hit. A descriptive survey design was adopted on a target population of 400 unemployed youths in Clay City Ward aged between 21-25 years. A sample size of 30% of the target population which is 120 respondents was obtained through simple random sampling and a questionnaire administered. Key informant interview was also carried out with five youth leaders. Lack of proper technical and vocational training, capital, experience and dependency on parents and relatives was a major cause of youth unemployment. This has led to low living standards, low self-esteems, moral decay and some youths opting not to marry due to unstable income to support themselves and family. However some youths have taken the initiative to exploit their soft talents to earn a living. Despite the government investment in youth’s initiatives not much has been achieved due to poor governance and lack of accountability. The ministry of devolution and planning should devolve the youth’s funds and make it more accessible with adequate training for sustainable job creation.

This study aimed at determining the effect of media on formation the marketing literacy and also determining such marketing literacy on consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. The study also aimed at determining the statistical differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to Demographical factors. The Study population consisted of all Saudi and non-Saudi consumers in Riyadh city, whom reached to 5.8 Million in the year 2016. 386 people were selected, and simple random sample was used. The study concluded that there is no statistical impact of media on marketing literacy but there is a statistical impact of marketing literacy on the consumer protection in Saudi Arabia. The study found that there are statistical differences in marketing literacy and consumer protection according to education level and such differences tend to the master holders. Finally, the study suggested some recommendations and marketing implications that enhance marketing literacy and consumer protection among consumers in Saudi Arabia.

Abstract: The pricing role of idiosyncratic risk has remained debatable to date, In this paper, we applied an innovative method of dual-predictor regression models to test for the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk in major African stock markets, we find that even though the conventional measure of aggregate idiosyncratic risk exhibits some predictive power for future stock returns, the dual-predictor method, which is developed to reduce the noise effect and is subsequently applied to the US stock market in Ruan, Sun, and Xu (2016), can substantially improve the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk in all of the five major African stock markets, consistent with the effect of the dual-predictor on noise reduction. We conclude that innovative approaches help to improve the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk and just as is the case in the US markets, the same argument of noise reduction through innovation also holds in major African stock markets.

Pigmented lesions of the oral cavity are an heterogeneous group with several etiophatogenesis and they can have melanocytic or non-melanocytic origin . Solitary pigmented melanocytic lesions of the oral cavity are rare. Oral nevus is a benign proliferations of cells of melanocytic origin and they are rare, for this reason, the literature is poor. Diagnosis of pigmented lesions of the oral cavity and perioral tissues is difficult, therefore is essential the histopathological examination to make a correct diagnosis . The objective of this article is to present a rare case report of oral nevus in the palate. A 63 years old female patient reported a small black spot not bulging and asymptomatic. This lesion has been surgically removed and analyzed. The histological examination of the sample has confirmed the diagnosis and after a week the palate was completely healed.

Focal dermal hypoplasia (FDH) or Goltz syndrome is a rare genetic skin disorder; characterized by abnormalities of both ectodermal and mesodermal structures. We report the case of a girl of 8 years of Moroccan origin, second of a fratery of two, resulting from a non-consanguineous marriage and without any particular family history. Examination at admission notes that the patient presents with an overall hypotrophy, right facial asymmetry with low-set protruding ear, narrow nasal bridge. The examination of the oral cavity notes: Arborescent papillomas of the oral mucosa, hypertrophy gingival, abnormous tooth form, ectopic extensive dental caries eruption. Skeletal abnormalities: Ectrodactyly ("lobsterclaw" hand deformity) of the right hand, Syndactyly bilateral second and third toes. Hypopigmentation of the abdomen skin, microphthalmia of the right eye. The rest of the clinical examination is without particularity. The genetic study confirmed the diagnosis of FDH by highlighting a mutation of the PORCN gene.

Since Decision of the Constitutional Court Number 137 / PUU-XIII / 2015 and Number 56 / PUU-XIV / 2016, the Minister of Home Affairs and the Governor is not authorized to cancel the Local Regulation. Both Constitutional Court Decisions can not be denied to be one of the obstacles for the central government to suppress the growth rate of overlapping local regulations, so that necessary steps to disbursing obesity of local regulations starting from the upstream or since the planning stage. One of the steps that can be taken to obstruct obesity rate of Local Regulation is by conducting harmonization activities at planning stage that is harmonization to draft Program of Formation of Local Regulation.

The accurate morphological identification of the cells is a diagnostic problem in conventional smears. By using 10% alcohol formalin as a fixative and obtaining cell block gives effective diagnosis regarding cellular morphology in serous effusions. This study was carried out to evaluate cell block technique as a diagnostic tool for serous effusions. It is expected that cell block technique will give better morphological details and thereby improve the sensitivity of the diagnosis in comparison with conventional smears. This retrospective study was conducted in cytology section in a tertiary care hospital,46 fluid samples were subjected to diagnostic evaluation over a period of 10months.The cell blocks were prepared by using 10% alcohol-formalin as a fixing agent along with the conventional smears. The nucleo-cytoplasmic details were evaluated as benign, suspicious for malignancy and malignancy in both conventional smears and cell block method. Out of 46cases only 3/46cases (6.53%) found to be malignant in conventional smearsand using cell block technique 6/46cases (13.043%) were positive for malignancy. Cell block technique is a useful adjuvant evaluating fluid cytology for the more presumptive diagnosis, when combined with conventional smear method. Cell blocks can be stored for a longer period for further evaluation and can be used for special stains, Immunohistochemistry and molecular diagnosis in order to obtain specific diagnosis.

There has already been the ongoing trend in the shift of focus in specialized translator training from domain-specific knowledge training to an all-round competence development. Based on the analysis of the current problem with the specialized translator training with subject knowledge, this study is to propose suggestions as to how translators deal with the problem of lacking in subject knowledge. Provided in this paper is the detailed illustrations of four methods of selfenriched translator training with specialized subject knowledge, i.e. self-training in efficient subject knowledge management, self-training for efficient reading, selftraining to reuse translations in parallel corpus, self-training to use post-editing machine translations. This study aims to contribute to the future specialized translator training by serving as a reference source or even an inclusion as component parts in these training programs.