This study aims to examine and analyze the influence of competence, motivation, and facilities of education advice on the performance of teachers XYZ Senior High School Jakarta. The population of all teachers of XYZ Senior High School Jakarta is 50 teachers. The research method used is a quantitative approach and explanatory with survey method. Data were collected using questionnaires given to 50 respondents; with sampling technique used is census. Methods of research analysis used multiple linear regressions. Data processing used software program Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 20. The results showed competence, motivation, and infrastructure facilities have a significantly positive effect on teacher performance. The influence of competence, motivation, facilities, and infrastructures shows positive influence to teacher performance. Competence is the greatest variable of influence on teacher performance. The three independent variables namely competence, motivation and means facilities education have a positive and significant effect on teacher performance in XYZ Senior High School Jakarta.

The present investigation was conducted to evaluate antimicrobial and analgesic activities of ethanol extract from Solanum torvum (Family: Solanaceae) aerial parts. The bioactive compounds such as glycoside, tannins, sterols, saponins, flavonoids, carbohydrates and proteins are detected in ethanol extract shown promising antibacterial activity against gram positive bacteria viz. B. subtilis and S. aureus. Analgesic activity was evaluated against both thermal and chemical induced stimuli, which were evidenced from acetic acid induced writhing, tail immersion and formalin induced paw licking test. The assessment of peripheral analgesic effect of the ethanol extracts exhibited a significant percentage inhibition in the writhings which were induced by acetic acid in mice. Similarly test drug significantly increased the latency period in the tail immersion test and the formalin study showed that both the aphasic and tonic pain was blocked by the extract. The overall analgesic effect of ethanol extract (200 and 400 mg/kg body weight, p.o.) was lower than the standard drugs aspirin. The presence of flavonoid compounds in ethanol extract of Solanum torvum aerial parts may be responsible for the analgesic effect

Dengue and chikungunya are two mosquito-borne viral ailments transmitted by the same species of mosquito, Aedes aegypti and these ailments are of great public health concern in country like India. Thus, the present study was aimed to check the influence of antagonistic crustaceans on population of Aedes mosquitoes. Based on our laboratory experiments, the best ratio of antagonistic crustaceans (Cyclopoid copepod, Mesocyclops aspericornis and cladoceran, Daphnia magna) was chosen against Aedes aegypti larvae to test the influence of these crustaceans under simulated conditions. During the study it was observed that overall time taken for the larvae to convert into adult was 14.82±2.65 ranging from 14.0-21.0 days i.e. 4 days longer than the control sets. L1 larval stage was more prone to mortality i.e. 42.35±0.69 than other larval stages. Total adult emergence was significantly reduced i.e. 52.30±1.57 (31.65±0.69 males and 20.65±0.88 females). Significant reduction in body size of both male and female was observed i.e. 3.79±0.16 mm (control 4.44±0.07 mm) and female size significantly reduced to 4.17±0.15 mm when compared with control sets i.e. 5.48±0.08 mm. Life span of males was reduced from 15.35±1.20 to 9.33±0.33 days and in case of females longevity was reduced from 22.00±1.15 to 11.67±0.66 days.

Himachal Pradesh is lying between 30.22' to 33.12' North latitudes and 75.47' to 79.04’ East longitudes. The area of the state is 55,673 km2 with almost mountainous elevations ranging from 350-6500 m above the mean sea level. Shimla is surrounded by Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Uttarakhand in the southeast, Solan to the southwest and Sirmaur in the south. It is the third most populous district of Himachal Pradesh, after Kangra and Mandi. In the present study 24 climber species belonging to 12 families and 19 genera have been reported. Cucurbitaceae and Ranunculaceae with 4 species, Apocynaceae with 3 species, Convolvulaceae with 2 species, Dioscoreaceae and Menispermaceae with 2 species and other families with one species.

The purpose of this paper is to critically evaluate the increasingly important topic of women empowerment which plays a determining role in the economic development of any nation. The paper is designed to study the empowerment of women through microfinance in the context of a developing nation like Pakistan. Pakistan is a largely patriarchal society where women face numerous challenges in terms of setting up and managing business ventures while respecting the cultural norms and practices deeply embedded in the society. This a review paper and the methodology used is desk research. A number of scholarly articles and reports have been reviewed to get an insight into this topic. The paper mainly attempts to identify the definition of empowerment, women empowerment; major challenges faced by women globally, Pakistani women in the labour market, the outreach of Microfinance Institutes to women entrepreneurs in Pakistan. Last but not the least, it provides recommendations for the future on how to further increase women empowerment in Pakistan.

TV talk show is a program in which a host communicates with a guest about a certain topic or person. Usually, the host and guest follow the cooperative principle during their communication, but both sides violate the cooperative principle in the program, realizing the conversational implicature of avoiding answering questions directly, implicit expression and additional information and so on. This article, based on Grice’s Cooperative Principle, attempts to analyze the similarities and differences between Jin Xing Show and A Date with Lu Yu in terms of programming orientation as well as host style from the perspective of violation of cooperative principle. And the examples in this article are chosen from two Chinese shows, in which Hu Ge, a popular actor in China as the guest. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for other talk shows, and can improve people’s ability of daily conversation and enhance people’s language charming and communicative competence.

In an attempt to maintain a stable exchange rate and price level in Thailand given shocks from the United States, China, Euro Area, and Japan; the top five trading partners of Thailand, this study employs the system equations of VAR model techniques. Results show that the interest rates, demand shocks, and foreign prices affect the stability of the Thailand exchange rates and price levels. More so, empirical evidences validate the existence of unidirectional causality between Thailand exchange rate and domestic (as well as foreign) price inflation.

Langerhans cells are dendritic, antigen-presenting cells which reside within the stratified squamous epithelium of skin and various mucosae, where they function as the outermost arm of the immune system. Langerhans cells play an important role in inflammation and immune responses, including anti-tumour activity. Thus this study is aimed to identify the role of Langerhans cell in oral dysplastic epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Quantitative analysis of Langerhans cells were done in normal oral mucosa (n=10), oral dysplastic epithelium (n=20) and oral squamous cell carcinoma (n=20) with immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody against CD1a. Counting was done in ten non-overlapping consecutive high power fields by two independent observers. An increase in the number of Langerhans cells were observed from normal mucosa to oral dysplastic epithelium and oral squamous cell carcinoma. There was no statistically significant increase observed from oral dysplastic epithelium to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The immune system responds to the dysplastic and invading epithelium in oral squamous cell carcinoma by recruiting Langerhans cells. Langerhans cells present altered antigen to naïve T cells, thus initiating an immune response. However, tumour microenvironment has a critical role in modulating the recruitment and function of Langerhans cells in oral squamous cell carcinoma

Climate change is one of the environmental challenges that threatens any single aspect of development. Therefore, climate change poses both environmental and development problems. Salinization of freshwater and soil as a result of climate-induced sea-level rise in The Gambia is a growing concern for agriculture and ecosystems. This paper shed light on adaptation strategy response at the institutional level to saline-water intrusion in River Gambia and tributaries well-known for its ecological and livelihood delivery services such as rice cultivation in the lowlands. The study used stakeholder participation approach to gather data through a workshop in which 100 experts from four (04) different institutions intervening in saline-water intrusion adaptation were involved to discuss five themes relevant for institutional adaptation to saline-water intrusion in the country. Microsoft Excel 2013 was used to process and analyse the data at the end of the workshop. Results revealed that saline-water intrusion adaptation at the institutional level is poor performing in terms of capacity building, financial resources allocation for saline-water intrusion adaptation, available technology as well as collaboration among institutions. The study recommends an increase in budget allocation for saline-water intrusion adaptation in the targeted various institutions, capacity enhancement of staff in the monitoring of water salinity and provision of sophisticated equipment and technology to effectively address salinity in River Gambia and tributaries in the country.

The article has focused on clarifying the concept of accountability, the head and accountability of the head of the state administrative agency, indicating the factors constituting the accountability of the head of the state administrative agency, things to do with good results and things not to do; Obligations, rights and accountability taking of the heads of state administrative agencies in complying with the law and serving the people; In planning, making decisions and directing activities of the agency, organizing the performance of functions and duties assigned by the State and the people; pointing out the characteristics of accountability of the head of the state administrative agency in order to understand, regulate and unanimously perform the accountability of the head of the state administrative agency in Vietnam.

Software has frolicked an increasing significant role in methods acquisition, engineering, development, mainly for large complex systems. For such systems, accurate estimates of the software costs are a perilous part of effective software management. The preparation of forecasting the cost of the software has evolved, but it is far from perfect. Constructive cost model is the most widely used among all the models available. The proposed model focusses on data set obtained from 91 models nick named as “Maxwell”. The projected model is tested and the test results from the neural network are matched with that of COCOMO model. From the experimental results, it is concluded that the amalgamation of the proposed model for the “Maxwell” data has proved better than the existing COCOMO and another model as obtained from literature.

There is a need for a rapid and reliable test to predict dengue so that the patients are managed and monitored. Beckman Coulter LH series instruments provide data on leukocyte cell volume, V; conductivity, C; and light scatter, S which is useful in distinguishing viral and bacterial infections. This prospective study was undertaken in Chennai - India for a period of one and a half years. The cell population data for the dengue positive and negative patients were retrieved from the hematology analyzer Beckman Coulter LH780. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc for Windows version 15.0. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the VCS indices between the different groups. Dengue positive, suspected and controls were 499, 493, 499 respectively. Male: female ratio is 1.4:1. The platelet count, standard deviation of volume and conductivity of monocytes, volume and percentage of lymphocytes and platelet counts were used to construct a tree model which distinguishes dengue from suspected cases with sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of 94.84%, 77.88% and 89.59% respectively. A classification tree was developed using changes in monocytes, lymphocytes and lymphocyte and platelet counts.

Ovarian cancer is one of the most important causes of pelvic masses and is the fifth leading cause of cancer related mortality. As in all cancers, method of early diagnosis for ovarian cancer should be easily applicable, economically, has high safety and specificity. Our study included 155 cases that were operated due to adnexial masses at Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of Trakya University. Inclusion criteria for the study were decision of surgery due to an adnexal mass and presence of preoperative evaluation for parameters examined in this study such as age, serum CA125 value, Ultrasound score, menopausal score and thrombocyte count. Risk of Malignancy Index was calculated. Localization and amount of vascular flows in adnexial masses were evaluated using Color Doppler USG. Ages of the cases ranged between 17-75 years. Histopathologically 122 benign, 6 borderline, 27 malignant masses were detected. As surgical approach to malignant tumours is similar to borderline tumours, they were assessed within malignant tumour group. Malignancy was suspected in 27 of 155 cases which were evaluated with RMI. Malignancy was suspected in 33 patients evaluated with CDUS and malignancy was suspected in 26 cases evaluated with thrombocyte count. Evaluation of RMI according to histopathological results revealed that there was no difference between the two assessment methods. Specificity of the RMI evaluation was 98.4% and its sensitivity was 75.8%. Thrombocyte count demonstrated malignancy in 16.8% of the cases. Evaluation of CDUS findings revealed that 122 cases diagnosed as malignant in pathology were also diagnosed as malignant in CDUS and the other cases were detected to be benign with Doppler. CA125 values were below 35 U/mL in 86.8% of the cases with benign adnexal masses and above 35 U/mL in 72.7% of the malignant cases. Better preoperative benign-malignant differentiation will enable performance of optimal surgery in experienced centres. RMI which can be used for early detection and differentiation of malignancy has opened the way for objective evaluation of adnexal masses.With use of parameters such as CDUS, thrombocyte count, and age together with RMI benign-malignant differentiation of adnexal masses can be made more effectively.

The largest outbreak to date was the epidemic in West Africa, which occurred from December 2013 to January 2016 with 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths. The aim of this work was to assess by a systematic literature review the impact of surveillance in health systems of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria in combating Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks. Specific objectives include identifying the strength of their surveillance systems and exploring the impacts of surveillance on the containment of Ebola virus disease in the region. The PRISMA procedure was used in carrying out the study. The SPIDER tool was chosen and modified to establish the research question. Five databases were searched in this study viz., the Cochrane librarycentral, Medline, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and a grey literature called Open grey. Studies were critically analyzed and assessed using the Crowe critical appraisal Tool (CCAT). The search strategy generated a total of 30 articles, out of which 6 articles (5 studies and 1 report) were selected for data extraction. The need for professionalism and competence cannot be overemphasized in the healthcare and surveillance systems of West African countries, especially the ones under study.

Hand washing with soap is among the most effective and inexpensive ways to prevent diarrheal diseases and pneumonia, which together are responsible for the majority of child deaths. Routine Surveillance data shows increased morbidity from diseases of poor hygiene and environmental health in Kieni East sub-County, Nyeri County of Kenya. The objectives of the study were to assess hand hygiene, evaluate prevalence of diarrhea, find out relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and state of sanitation and evaluate relationship between hand washing practices and diarrhea diseases. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 household selected randomly between October and November 2017. Additional data was obtained from key informant interviews with facility in-charges and community resource persons. It was found that majority (78%) of the respondents washed their hands after visiting the toilet while 20% washed their hands before preparing food. Whereas toilet facilities had a high coverage (97%), coverage of hand washing facilities was lower (60%). Coverage of hand washing facilities with soap was very low (27%). There was a significant relationship between level of education (p=0.025) and availability of hand washing facilities with soap. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between occupation (p=0.019) and availability of hand washing facilities with soap. There was a significant relationship between households with hand washing facilities with soap (p=0.00) and diarrhea cases reported in the previous 4 weeks. The study concluded that there is poor hand hygiene among residents of Kieni East sub-County. Although majority of respondents recognized the importance of hand hygiene, hand washing was not frequently observed. A sensitization program is urgently required in Kieni East sub-County on hand washing and hand hygiene.