Art elective course combinations offered in Senior High Schools hinder Art students from offering some Art program at the Tertiary level. The need therefore to assess Art and allied programs offered at the tertiary level. A mixed method approach involving qualitative and quantitative research strategies was adopted for the study. The study revealed that visual art students are limited in offering some courses at the tertiary institutions as most visual art students have no idea of the program they want to study in the tertiary level of education. The study, therefore recommends to stakeholders to ensure that orientations and seminars are conducted in pre-SHS and SHS to help students to choose relevant courses to be offered at the tertiary level.

Abstract: The study aims to find out root cause for insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting of blood samples in clinical chemistry laboratory. Blood samples centrifuged in the laboratory were aliquoted by technicians in to 1.5 ml eppindorf cups for placement in to automated chemistry analyser. The aliquotes were allowed to settle for 1 hour and observed for presence of red rim of settled RBC at the bottom of the cups, indicating insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting. Frequency of such samples were analysed for time of day, type of sample tube, amount of residual serum/plasma after aliquoting, origin of sample from hospital departments. Total 13491 sample tubes analysed in 20 days at Biochemistry laboratory of New civil hospital Surat. There were 248 samples showing red rim of RBC at the bottom of the cups. Out of 248, samples received at night constituted 78%. Serum sample have 3 times chances of having insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting as compared to fluoride plasma. 86% of sample had residual serum/plasma of <200 ul. Neonate sample have 7 times chances of having insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting as compared to adult samples. 97% of samples having insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting were received from wards while only 3% were received from OPD. Under filling of collection tubes, neonatal samples, samples collected in plain vacuum tubes, samples collected by phlebotomist on duty at night are root causes for insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting.

The study examined attitudes of secondary school teachers toward learner centered approach in Hanang‟ District. This study used self-determination theory and Meta cognition theory in theoretical review. The employed cross sectional survey research design. The target population included all secondary school teachers, students and academic masters in Hanang‟ District. The sample consisted 5 secondary schools, 20 teachers was sampled, 4 teachers from each sampled school, 60 students where 12 students and 1 academic teacher from each sampled school. This study used questionnaires as research instruments. Test-retest reliability method was used to calculate the coefficient of correlation by using Pearson product coefficient rule. The study concluded that teachers were not using learner centered method since they tend to use only group discussion method of learning which is not enough for teaching, learners were interested in learner-centered methods that allowed students were in class for discussion, debate, field trips and brainstorming while learner centered preferred by teachers were role play, drama, class discussion and brainstorming. The recommendations which can be made is the government should fund some learner centered methods such as field trips and projects, the Ministry of Education and vocational training through the school managers should encourage teachers to use the preferred learner centered methods which do not need the use of a lot of resources. And schools should provide and arrange activities in line with learner‟s interest.

Abstract: Type 2 diabetes mellitus has become a leading cause of morbidity and mortality world over. Insulin resistance plays a key role in the development of diabetic dyslipidemia, plasma lipid abnormalities contributes to the risk for atherosclerosis and coronary heart diseases in majority of patients with type 2 diabetes. The aim of the study was to assess the serum lipid profile in type 2 DM patients without and with complications. The current study was undertaken in 90 subjects. 30 diabetics without complications (group I), 30 diabetics with complications (group II) and 30 non diabetics as normal control group (Group III). The serum total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels were significantly much higher in diabetic cases with complications compared to cases without complications and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in cases of both the 3groups when compared to controls. The elevation of serum total Cholesterol, Triglycerides, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels were significant in both the study groups when compared to controls. We found significantly lower levels of HDL-C in diabetic cases with complications when compared to cases without complications. The lowering is significant in both the study groups when compared to control. Hence it is concluded that the serum lipid profile levels appears to be useful to prevent the diabetic complications and provide valuable information for proper medical intervention.

To assess learning readiness skills on digit span paired and associate learning test among Government and Shantytown School Children. Sample consisted of 50 children: (n= 25) government school and (n= 25) was taken from shantytown school of Lahore with age range of 5 to 9 years. The subtests of Wechsler Memory Scale (Paired Associate Learning Test and Digit Span) were used to assess the learning readiness skills of children. The result of the findings indicates that there was significant difference between government and shantytown school children. Government school children perform better than the shantytown children. It should be necessary for parents to concentrate and improve basic skills of children and then got admission in school. When they have some exposure of basic skills then child can easily communicate and able to learn.

Human resources are an asset and function as capital in business organizations, improving employee performance is an important thing for companies to be more developed. This study aims to analyze the factors of motivation to work performance on work performance of operational workers at CV. Tri Marina Jaya Surabaya. The method in this research is quantitative; the research sample is the operational of ticketing company in CV. Tri Marina Jaya Surabaya as many as 25 people. The result of research of motivation factors together has a significant influence to the work performance of operational workers in CV. Tri Marina Jaya Surabaya, and physiological needs have a dominant influence on work performance.

This study explores (a) what Greek school principals value as important both for themselves as principals (desired values) and for other principals in school administration (desirable values), directly and indirectly; and the Greek school principals opinions (b) about the factors affecting their personal and professional values and (c) about the importance of values in educational administration. Twelve principals were invited to decide upon vignettes (hypothetical scenarios) for their values indirectly to be unraveled, whereas semi-structured interviews were applied for the participants‟ values directly to be investigated and the other two research questions to be answered. The data were analyzed with the qualitative content analysis. A consistent finding emerged between the principals‟ desired and desirable values, explored both directly and indirectly, was the prevalence of the values of consequences for immediate clients (students, educators and parents) and collaboration. Regarding the factors impacting on principals‟ personal values, family, friends, and the Christian religion were mentioned as highly influential, while the principals‟ professional values were shaped mostly through their professional experience and their career path in Greek educational administration. However, interestingly, the principals‟ immediate supervisors seemed to affect mainly negatively the participants‟ professional values. These findings were found to reinforce and extend the research indicating the significance of values in educational administration, and they are discussed in terms of their implications for value-led principalship and principals‟ professional development

Abstract: Protein- energy malnutrition, wasting and inflammation are frequent complication among patient with Chronic kidney disease (CKD). Malnutrition is associated with cardiac co-morbidity, inflammation and poor survival in CKD patients. Serum albumin is a well-known negative acute phase protein, marker of nutrition in CKD patients. C-reactive protein (CRP), the major acute phase response (APR) protein is elevated in these patients. High CRP levels are linked to the degree of atherosclerosis in coronary, peripheral, and extracranial brain arteries. The aim of the present study was to investigate nutritional factor (albumin) and CRP levels in CKD patients. This cross –sectional study was carried out in the Department of Biochemistry in collaboration with the Department of Medicine, Guru Gobind Singh Medical College & Hospital, Faridkot .Study involved 100 pre dialysis CKD patients (age 40.5 ± 12.3 years) admitted indoor and attending outdoor .Following investigations were carried out –CRP by fluorescence immunoassay method utilizing latex particles coated with CRP monoclonal antibodies (I-chroma). Serum albumin levels on fully automated chemistry analyzer Renal function by estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR). The data was later statistically analyzed. The study patients included 57 males (57%) and 43 females (43%) with average age of 40.5±12.3 years. The mean GFR was 38.3 ± 16.4 ml/min/1.73m2. The mean value of CRP was 10.93 ± 1.42 mg /dl. 67% of patients had elevated CRP (> 6 mg/L) with low serum albumin levels were present with mean value (3.02 ± 0.17 gm/dL). This study showed that low albumin and high CRP levels are the main predictors for death. There was a significant difference between CRP and albumin levels in CKD patients (P<0.001). Measuring CRP as a marker of inflammation can be helpful in managing these patients and Low levels of albumin are a marker of poor nutritional status in CKD patients. Our results indicate that CRP(as marker of inflammation) and albumin(as marker of nutritional status ) were very closely related to each other ,as the levels of CRP increased the albumin goes on decreasing due to degree of inflammation , malnutrition and decreased synthesis by liver exists in pre-dialysis CKD patients.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the effects of constituency bursary provision timings on internal efficiency of public secondary schools in TransNzoia County Trans-Nzoia County, Kenya. The study was underpinned on Human Capital Theory developed by Schultz in 1971. The study adopted a descriptive survey research design with a target population of 77,337 persons. 78 (30% of 261) schools were randomly selected 16 from each sub-county with the exception of Endebes with 14 schools. A sample of 399 respondents was selected using Fischer formula. These included 306 form three students, 78 principals and 5 DEO, 5AEO and 5 CBF. A maximum of 4 form three students were randomly selected from the sampled schools. Data was collected data using questionnaires, documentary analysis and interview schedules. The instruments were validated by the three experts. Reliability of the instruments was determined through a pilot study where the Pearson‟s correlation coefficient of 0.73 was obtained, hence the instruments were considered reliable. Quantitative data was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, and presented in tables, while qualitative data from interviews was organized into themes and subthemes. The study established that, there was a significant (p= .001; α = 0.05) relationship between constituency bursary provisions and internal efficiency in public secondary in Kenya. It was therefore recommended that for enhanced internal efficiency in public secondary schools, there should be greater stakeholders‟ involvement during the bursary provision time.

The aim of the study is to determine the knowledge and practices of nurses towards postoperative pain management. The data collected from 92 participants were female nurses. In this study cross-sectional study design was used and self-administered structured questionnaire was conducted in government hospital Layyah Pakistan. Likert scale was used in this instrument. After data collection, it was analyzed by SPSS version 21. The results were analyzed in terms of descriptive statistics frequency, percentage for data analysis. A total of 100 questionnaire were returned from 120 questionnaires distributed to participant. Results of the study revealed that nurses have good knowledge about post –operative pain management but practices were not good Overall, study shows that knowledge of pain management of nurses statistically and significantly is good but practices were poor. In conclusion, patients are still hurting because of poor practices of nurses towards pain management thus the hospital management should focus on these factors to improve the nurse’s practices.

The provision of education in Kenya has been tremendous over the past years. Notwithstanding the fact that a major stride through the secondary education policy has been attained, the current indicators exhibit high levels of inefficiency. This is evidenced by high national poor performance in national examinations in many schools. The quality of education, including its relevance to the country’s needs has also been questioned. The study intended to highlight the role of leadership among secondary schools principals in improving academic performance among students. Leadership is viewed as an ingredient in accounting for differences in the success of schools. The study utilized quantitative survey approach and involved 364 respondents in Trans Nzoia County. The study found a positive correlation between the role of principals and quality academic performance. It recommended that school principals should be pivotal in transforming their schools into successful institutions through enhancement of curriculum, development of instruction and learning environment and leadership styles. Principals are pivotal in transforming their institutions.

The objective of the study was to evaluate the aphrodisiac property of the aqueous extract of Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer rhizomes (Zngiberaceae) in albino and normal male rats of the Wistar strain. Colorimetric and precipitation methods were used to highlight secondary metabolites of the plant. The acute toxicity test was conducted according to OCDE guideline 423. Four lots of 6 animals were used to evaluate the aphrodisiac property of P. africana. The positive control received sildenafil citrate (5 mg/Kg) and the negative control, distilled water. The test lots received the extract at 500 and 2000 mg/Kg for 8 days. The copulatory parameters were observed on days 1, 4 and 8. The phytochemical screening revealed the presence of ginsenosids, alkaloids, tannins, saponosides and tri terpenes in the extract. No changes in the general appearance of the rats and no mortality were recorded during the toxicity test, highlighting that P. africana is non-toxic. The extract significantly increased the sex parameters of the tested rats. This aphrodisiac effect of P. africana attributed to identify secondary metabolites justifies its use in traditional medicine as a sexual stimulant.

This theoretical paper uses document analysis to probe South Sudan‟s new National Curriculum Framework (2014) as an official text and its implications as a change agenda with a view to arriving at a perspective about the task of the school in the world‟s newest country. The study notes that the country‟s curriculum change policy seeks to enact a curriculum model that provides both equality and quality with a pedagogic philosophy that is humanistic in essence, transformative in outlook and historical in perspective. The new model shifts from subject-specific to generic curriculum that offers more student choice, relies on environment and accentuates social and life skills in a broader milieu of competencies. The new arrivals on the subject scene are information & communication technology, vocational education & enterprise, and values education in the form of environmental sustainability, life skills and peace studies to consolidate civics and cement the country‟s diverse society. However, the facility of the Framework to promote inclusive education is constrained by its design possibilities and the practical realities of school education in South Sudan as its official launch date of 2019 approaches. The scope for broader learner experience beyond conventionality will remain largely rhetorical or even inimical in as far as the resources for emancipatory practices are held back by the dual force of curriculum novelty and state priority. The prospect of wide gaps between planned, delivered and experienced curriculum is, therefore, real and vexed. It remains to be seen if the Ministry has a strategy at all to deal with any eventual knock-on effect. The fact remains, too, that the Framework is heavily prescriptive in nature and as such could potentially prove counter-productive to teacher agency with drastic consequences for local teacher appraisal practices. Thus, implementing a new curriculum short of resources and through the political doldrums of shifting timelines is principally an unmitigated disaster. It could lead to a tacit rejection of curriculum change, more out of repulsion than upon reflection. The fortunes of South Sudan‟s National Curriculum Framework (2014) are thus defined; and the broader discourse of reform duly confined.

Abstract: The promulgation of the Belt and Road Initiative brings to fore the shift in world economic power to the east. The relations between members of Initiative and the changes of their positions will determine the long-term success or otherwise of this Initiative. The paper adopts social network analysis to set up the network relation between member countries, studies the network structure and its evolution trends, and identifies the position and role of members in the Initiative with data from bilateral investments for the period 2005 to 2015. We conclude that the network structure of Belt, Road Initiative’s broad purpose of ensuring a greater level of economic integration between and among countries on the Belt, Road corridor with regards to bilateral investments is gradually being achieved although at a slower pace than may have been expected by framers of the Initiative with less influence being exerted by China. The beneficial economic integration will be very much enhanced with China in the core position.

This paper addresses the inconsistencies that exist between the stated objectives of the National Policy on Education and the delivery of the content of the national curriculum in the educational system of Nigeria. This stems from the fact that what is intended in the curriculum is different from what is perceived by learners. This concept which has been identified as the hidden curriculum is what this paper strives to relate as the root cause of some unhealthy relationships in the society. It reveals ultimately the reason why education in Nigeria has not been able to provide the needed thrust visa-a-vis the three key values necessary for national development. In view of this exposition, recommendations are made towards a redirection of focus on the educational delivery to strike a balance between what the curriculum intends and the final outcome on the learners.