Purpose of the study. To study the relationship between the clinical course, hemodynamic parameters and the functional state of the kidneys in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Patients with CHF with progression of the disease have worsened kidney function, clinical course of the disease, accompanied by a decrease in exercise tolerance for SMWT and deterioration in the quality of life, which was most pronounced in patients with renal dysfunction.

The main purpose of this study was, to assess the knowledge of nurses regarding pain management at Jinnah Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge of pain management among nurses. A convenient sample of n=170 was used to collect the information. The main instrument for Information was a structured questionnaire. A structured questionnaire with demographic variables and causes variables was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. The results showed that there is positive response of the respondent mean that nurses know about pain management. The result shows that if there is enough knowledge of the nurses about pain management they will increase patient comfort ability and decrease stress which is due to pain. And suggest that nurses administration must be develop the different strategies to create good strategies to enhance nurses‟ knowledge about pain management.

This complete-enumeration, before-and-after type of study (without controls), was conducted in April 2018 on 53 First-year MBBS students (24 females: 45.28% and 29 males: 54.72%) at a medical college in Kalwa, Thane, Maharashtra, India. After explaining the purpose of the study to the prospective participants, written informed consent was obtained. Those who did not give written informed consent or those who were absent during either pre- or post-test were excluded. The pre-test, conducted after traditional didactic lectures on respiratory system, comprised 15 questions (2 marks each; total 30 marks). The post-test was conducted after case-based learning, using a questionnaire that was identical to that of the pre-test. The outcome studied was the difference in cognitive domain scores after attending traditional didactic lectures (by a pre-test) and after case-based learning (by a post-test). The difference between the mean pre-test score (14.11 +/- 5.12; 95% CI: 7.13 - 15.49) and post-test score (25.92 +/- 4.63; 95% CI: 24.68 - 27.17) was highly significant (Z=12.455; p<0.0001). In the pre-test, the first quartile score of female students was on par with the third quartile score of their male counterparts while the third quartile score of female students was on par with the maximum score obtained by males. The pre-test result also exhibited higher variability in scores obtained by male students. In the post-test, the overall scores of male students improved and the maximum score and third quartile were identical for students of both genders. In the pre-test, the gender differences in mean scores were statistically significant for 5 out of 15 questions, while the mean scores in the post-test did not exhibit significant gender differences. Extension of this study to other topics in the First-year MBBS course may enable formulation of suitable teaching-learning techniques.

The article investigates the relationship between possible measures to overcome gender differences and high profile jobs relating to institution policy change and development in selected Universities of Western Uganda. The study adopted an observational, cross-sectional exploration design with both quantitative and qualitative as paradigms in order to describe the data and its characteristics. Questionnaires and an interview guides were employed to gather information from the respondents. Data was analyzed using frequencies, percentages and bar graphs. Study findings showed that there was a positive correlation between addressing gender differences and top job positions in universities in western Uganda. The study suggested remedies like; that there is need to advertise and give scholarships to young and well qualified women to go and pursue further studies for their career development and for helping their organizations to grow. There is need to encourage girl child education through the practice of positive discrimination and affirmative action in society. The study recommend also the practice of gender mainstreaming for all academic institutions to avoid the problem of under representation of both sexes , sensitization of stakeholders for girl child education, encouraging female candidates to apply for higher job positions and addressing gender-imbalance through staff development.

The purpose of this study is to find out the effect of training on pedagogical content knowledge on teachers’ performance; in schools within Nakuru North Sub- County, Kenya. The study was carried in the 22 public primary schools in the sub county among the 22 head teacher and 170 school teachers. The study was based on Campbell’s theory of performance and social cognitive theory. A sample of 8 head teachers and 51 public primary school teachers was used. The sample for the head teachers was selected using purposive sampling technique while that of the head teachers was selected using simple random sampling technique. Data for the study was collected by use of questionnaires for teachers and interview schedules for head teachers respectively. Prior to use, the questionnaires were subjected to validity checks and reliability tests. Data collected was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies, means and percentages) and inferential statistics with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences computer software version 21. Pearson moment correlation (r) was used to establish the relationship between the variables. There was a positive Pearson correlation between Training on Pedagogical Content Knowledge and Teachers’ Performance (r = -0.37, p = 0.802). The study established that the school management and the Ministry of Education will be able to use these findings in formulating appropriate strategies that help enhance teacher performance through their continuous professional development.

Automatic focusing is very important to high-quality image acquisition for camera system. This paper proposes a new automatic focusing method using skin-color face detection to automatically determine focusing area. In order to overcome the influence of color temperature on the face detection method, we propose a new color correction method by learning a color temperature curve with statistical methods. The color temperature curve is a concise representation of the inverse relation between light sources in the logarithmic color space. The method compensates color shifts of images by locating a set of compensation gains from the trained color temperature regression curve. A comparative setup of experiments is built to verify the effectiveness of the proposed method. Controlled experimental factors include light source, object distance and initial lens position. Modulation transfer function of images is applied to objectively evaluate the image quality before and after the new automatic focusing method. Experimental results show our method has high success rate of face localization, and effectively achieves automatic focusing.

Recently the normal values of pulmonary test parameters [1], level of hemoglobin [2] and glycated hemoglobin [3-5] in Sudanese have been found to be different from the international reference values. The study aimed to compare the values of serum electrolytes (Na+, K+, Ca++) level in Sudanese with the international values. 100 normal healthy adult Sudanese with aged between 18 and 65 years (50 males and 50 females), who were nonsmokers, not Known to be hypertensive or diabetic , have no renal or thyroid problem, living in Khartoum city were included in our study. The data was collected using a structured questionnaire then the levels of Na+, K+ and Ca++ were measured. In the males group the means of Na+ level range was 129-141 mEq\dl, K+ was 3.6- 8.2 mEq\dl while Ca++ had a level range of 7.2- 12.2 mEq \dl. In the females group the means of Na+ level was 134.94 ± 3.86mEq/dl; K+ was 4.34 ± 0.46 mEq/dl while Ca++ had a level of 8.95 ± 0.84 mEq /dl. There are slight difference from the international ranges, yet a further bigger scale study is needed to verify those findings.

This research is aimed to evaluate the execution of the directions and the policies for training and development of Trainers at Training and Development Center of ASN employees (Apparatus Civil Servants) Ministry of Village, Development of Disadvantaged Regions, and Transmigration. The evaluation provides recommendation to relevant stakeholders to improve the effectiveness, efficiency, and accountability of Trainers in particular and Government Employes in general. This is an evaluative research using CIPP (Context, Input, Process, and Product) evaluation model by Daniel Stufflebeam. The data was collected through triangulation of literature research, questionnaires, in-depth interviews, along with focus group discussions, which was then analyzed using qualitative data analysis technique by defining the execution attributes and comparing them to the evaluation criteria as set by the standard. The outcome suggests revisiting the execution attributes as they were no longer relevant to the assignments, functions, responsibilities, and challenges faced by Widyaiswara nowadays. The input evaluation shows that several points have already met the standards, but some have not. Likewise, the process components, e.g. execution in the classroom, accommodation, and catering were still below the standard. Therefore, it is recommended to improve the quality and quantity of these attributes to achieve the training center standard/accreditation, on both the training and the people (Widyawara).

A study on the contraceptive prevalence amongst married women residing in Bayelsa State was carried out. Its principal objectives was to carry out a random estimate of contraceptive prevalence amongst married women in Bayelsa State, and to determine the contraceptive prevalence, types of contraceptive used and factors affecting the latter amongst women in Bayelsa State. The study was aimed at promoting general public awareness on family planning amongst women in Bayelsa State. A Non-experimental study design on the contraceptive prevalence amongst married women residing in Bayelsa State. A sample random method was employed where only four hundred and ninety eight (498) women within the age range of 15 – 45 years of age were interviewed. Out of the five hundred (500) questionnaires only four hundred and ninety eight (498) were retrieved and used in this study. The highest contraceptive prevalence were between age range of (21-30) (75, 15.7%) highest users based on educational level are Tertiary 142 (28.5%) occupation was business women 99 (19.9%) based on children 1 – 2 surviving children 104 (28.7%). From the result of the research carried out, contraceptive prevalence rate amongst married women in Bayelsa is low when compared to worldwide figure, though higher than the national figure in Nigeria. Education of eligible women on the use of contraceptive should be encouraged.

The political history of Nigeria is characterised with an unprecedented level of insecurity. Inter-communal and inter-ethnic clashes, religious violent, and armed robbery, assassination, murder, gender based violence, and bomb explosions have been on the increase leading to enormous loss of lives and properties and general atmosphere of siege and social tension for the people. In recent times, inter-ethnic relations tension has resonated in Nigeria. This is due to the activities of some ethnically motivated groups. “The Political Economy of Fulani Herdsmen Activities and Inter-ethnic Relations in Nigeria‟s Forth Republic: Issues and Prospects”, focused primarily on the activities of the nomadic Fulani herdsmen in some parts of Nigeria such as Kaduna, Enugu, Benue, Ekiti, Taraba, Nasarawa, Plateau, Kogi States, etc. In these conflicts, many lives and cattle are lost and properties destroyed. This paper examines the causes of the incessant Fulani herdsmen and farmers conflicts in Nigeria. Secondly, to underscore the nexus between the incessant conflicts and interethnic relations in Nigeria, and thirdly, to overview the alternative options to ameliorate the incessant conflicts between the Fulani herdsmen and the hosting farming communities vis-à-vis to douse the ethno-religious dimension of the conflict.

Mandible is an important and the only movable bone in the craniofacial region. According to the old anatomists, it resembles a u-v shaped blunt bend. The mandible bears teeth, and this horseshoe-shaped/ v- bend bone is attached to many muscles. Understanding anatomy and kinesiology of mandible helps the practitioner/surgeon to choose the best treatment modality and surgical approach.

The number of customers at Giant Citra Raya over the last five years (2011- 2015) has decreased significantly, due to many factors including poor service quality and poor customer care. Likewise Extra Giant Switching Customer behavior has Negative Net Switching, when compared to the three brands (Carrefour, Hypermart and Lotte Mart). This low customer loyalty index is due to poor service quality. The research design is explanatory, where sampling method is a non-probability sample (non-random sample). The sampling technique uses accidental sampling, in which the researcher has the freedom to choose who to meet which can be sampled according to the requirements of the existing population. The method used in this research is survey method. The average customer population is 2,070,823 / 12/30 = 5752 per day, with Slovin samples of 152 respondents. Quantitative analysis method with Analytical Path Analysis tool and SPSS tool version 2.33. Prior to the analysis conducted test of questionnaire instrument with validity test and classical assumption. After analyzed with Path Analysis continued with test of determination analysis (R Square), partial test of hypothesis (t test) and simultaneously (F test) with 5% error tolerance level. The result of this research is that Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction have a effect on Brand Image and Customer Loyalty. Brand Image and Customer Loyalty are still influenced by other variables other than Service Quality and Customer Satisfaction, therefore need to do further research.

Ultrasonography is a widely used imaging technique that has many clinical applications. The early staging of the metastatic carcinoma is one of these widely uses. FNA and core biopsies have exceedingly replaced the surgical biopsy. The ultrasound-guided biopsy has shown great and more accurate results for breast cancer detection more than the use of one method alone. In this study, we aimed to determine the role of ultrasound-guided biopsy in breast cancer. The procedure was performed on 32consecutive patients that were enrolled at Shaukat Khanum hospital in this Cross-sectional comparative analytical study. Ultrasound-guided core and FNA-guided biopsies were performed for all 32 patients. The accuracy of breast lumps biopsy with ultrasound guidance biopsy was more accurated as compare to non ultrasound. Out of 32 patients 1(3.1%). was diagnosedwith acute inflammation, 16(50.0%). for breast metastatic carcinoma, 2(6.3%). for chronic inflammation, 1(3.1%). for ductal epithelial carcinoma, 1(3.1%). for fibrocystic, 1(3.1%). for the fibroepithelial lesion, 1(3.1%). for lymphocytic yield, 7(21.9%). were normal results and 1(3.1%). for stromal fibrosis. In conclusion, an Ultrasound-guided biopsy is highly accurate, and more effective and feasible method than the ultrasound examination alone and excisional surgery. Recently US-guided biopsy procedure is widely used for the diagnosis of lumps in breast cancer patient.

In India, Pteridophytes are particularly distributed in the Himalayan and coastal regions. The variable topography and climate conditions of India contribute to a rich diversity of its flora and Pteridophytic diversity. Kotgarh and Rampur forest division region has rich biodiversity due to the great altitudinal variations with the Pteridophytes found in shady and moist patches of the regions. 22 species of pteridophytes belonging to 10 families and 16 genera have been reported in the present study. Dryopteridaceae and Pteridaceae with 5 species, Polyodiaceae and Thelypteridaceae with 3 species and remaining Families with single species have been reported.

Dentinogenesis Imperfecta is an autosomal dominant disorder of dentine affecting primary and permanent dentition. Mutation in dentin sialophospho protein on the long arm of chromosome 4 results in this defective dentin. The clinical appearance of teeth is characteristic showing an amber like translucency and severe attrition. It can also occur in association with osteogenesis Imperfecta, a genetic disorder of type 1 collagen. Here we present a case of Dentinogenesis Imperfecta associated with Type 1 Osteogenesis Imperfecta in a 14-year -old girl.