In developing countries, the sexually transmitted infection is one of top five diseases to which adults seek for medical help. There is an association between common STIs and sexual transmission of HIV. Therefore, control of STIs receives attention to control the spread of HIV. A retrospective study was conducted in Teaching Hospital Batticaloa during the period between 2014 and 2016. A total of 1190 cases were newly registered in STD clinic, of which 317 cases were confirmed to be having STIs. A total of 317 confirmed cases of infection episodes were recorded in all patients attended to STD clinics during this three years. Of which, 96.8% were due to STI and 3.2% due to lower reproductive infections. Among the STIs; genital herpes (22.71; Syphilis (16.71%). gonorrhoea infection 4.41%. Trichomonas vaginalis was 7.25%. During the period of three years only one case of HIV was identified. Hepatitis B infection constitutes to 15.14% stays in order next to Syphilis .bacterial infections shows a decreasing trend while a gradual increase of viral infections is observed. Public health should be strengthened especially use of condom and avoiding sexual contact with unreliable sexual partner in order to control STIs

The purpose of the research is to analyze the effect of internal factors and external factors on the organizational performance in policy making and regulation drafting. The research is a quantitative descriptive study, using primary data sources derived from questionnaires distributed in the organizational scope and secondary data obtained from organizational performance report. The sample used is 61 of the population of 74. The method of data analysis using the test of validity, reliability and multiple regression analysis. The results showed that internal factors and external factors have a significant positive effect on the performance of policy making and regulation drafting. Internal factor is the most influential variable to the performance. Where the internal factors partially affect the organizational performance of 69.4%, where if the internal factor increases one unit, the performance of the organization will increase by 0.387. While external factor have influence equal to 6,9%,, if the external factor increase one unit, the organizational performance will increase equal to 0,193.

We present a rare entity of incidentally detected microscopic thymoma in the thymectomy specimen of a female with early onset myasthenia gravis. The thymus was of normal size radiologically and macroscopically. Histological sections examined show multifocal tiny thymic epithelial proliferation suggestive of microscopic thymoma. Microscopic thymomas are rare tumours and less than 20 cases have been reported worldwide

The acronym CHARGE is used to describe specific congenital birth defects in children: Colobomata, Heart defect, Atresia of the choanae, Retarded growth or development, Genital hypoplasia, and Ear anomalies or deafness. To confirm a diagnosis of CHARGE association, the presence of at least four of these six abnormalities is sufficient

The skin is the largest organ in the body. A multitude of diseases are linked to an insufficient or overactive dermal vasculature. Vessels change their phenotype,i.e. vascular remodelling in inflammatory conditions. The aim of this study was to analyse the dermal vascular alterations in various inflammatory skin diseases & to assess their utility in establishing the differential diagnosis. A unicenter study of 55 (fifty five) skin biopsies received from patients of various non tumorous common inflammatory skin diseases such as, psoriasis, lichen planus, erythema multiform, blistering (bullous) lesions and 10 control samples were studied. Morphometric analysis was performed on CD 34 immunostained sections using image analysis software (Leica Q Win V3 software analysis system). Mean vascular density (MVD) and mean vascular calibre (MVC) was calculated. The MVD was maximum in psoriasis, followed by lichen planus, bullous lesions and erythema multiform. MVD in psoriasis was significantly higher than the controls. MVC was highest in psoriasis followed by erythema multiform, lichen planus and bullous lesions. The MVC in psoriasis, erythema multiform, lichen planus, bullous lesions were significantly higher than the controls. Elongated, tortuous blood vessels were more prominent in psoriasis. The endothelial changes noted were swelling in the form of nuclear hypertrophy, increased cytoplasm and endothelial gaps. Angiogenesis was increased in inflammatory skin diseases and it was highest in psoriasis. Therefore, therapeutic intervention at the level of vasoproliferation may prove to be useful.

This cross-sectional study aims to find out incidence and severity of stress among undergraduate male and female medical students and explore its association with Body mass index (BMI). A total of 523 young healthy males and females (19- 22 yrs) were categorized as normal, overweight and obese based on their BMI. The level of stress was determined among the participants using PSS-14 questionnaire. Majority of the male participants were found to be overweight with an average BMI 26.95±0.34 while average BMI noted in females was 23.66±1.25. Around 36% of these undergraduate medical students were found to be stressed with average stress score of 26.09± 0.51. In fact among overweight males incidence of stress was 33.66%. However, female subjects showed an increase in percentage prevalence of 94.12% in obese category. Interestingly stress score both in male and females showed a rising trend with maximum in obese being 26.09±0.51 in males and 32.53±1.73 in females. The level of stress was significantly different between obese male and obese females (P<0.00027). Statistically significant correlation (P<0.05) is observed between stress vs. BMI, Stress vs. Weight, Stress vs. Waist Circumference (WC) and stress vs. Hip circumference (HC) in the overweight females. The occurrence and severity of stress is found greater in female undergraduates.

This study was carried out to evaluate the antimicrobial activity of hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water extracts of six marine macroalgae belonging to different families namely green algae (Chlorophyceae), brown algae (Phaeophyceae) and the red algae (Rhodophyceae) collected from the intertidal area of the Sudanese Red Sea coast near Port Sudan. Successive extraction techniques using hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water were used for extracting the active principles of the algae and the disc-diffusion method was performed to examine the activity of the crude extracts against four pathogenic bacteria and one fungus. Most of the tested algal extracts exhibited considerable bioactivity and inhibited the growth of most of pathogenic microorganisms under investigation. The chloroform extract of the red alga Gracillaria sp produced a maximum inhibition zone of 22 mm against Escherichia coli whereas the chloroform extract of the red alga Laurencia papillosa showed a low antimicrobial activity with a minimum inhibition zone of 5 mm against Bacillus subtilis.

HIV/AIDS is a serious challenge for the developing as well as the developed world. Globally, 35.0 million (33.2–37.2 million) people were living with HIV at the end of 2013. [1] Although many HIV‑infected individuals avoid risky behaviours, still substantial numbers of HIV‑infected persons, continue to engage in HIV transmission risk behaviours. To find out the Socio-Demographic, Behavioural characteristics and Clinical profile of People (Males more than 15 years) Living with HIV/AIDS (PLHA). An institutional based cross sectional study was carried out among People (male >15 years) living with HIV /AIDS (PLHA) attending Anti Retro Viral Therapy (ART) Centre of Calcutta School of Tropical Medicine (CSTM) for 12 months from May 2012 to April 2013. A predesigned and pretested schedule was used as study tool to collect required information. Maximum population (40.5%) belong to the age group 31-40 years followed by 24.1% in 41-50 years. Majority had coital debut at the age of 26-30 years (35.9%). First sexual partner among 41.7% was female commercial sex worker; 74.4% participants were not into monogamous relationship. More than half of study population (51.1%) were currently sexually active and 55.36 % of currently sexually active participant consistently used condom. Majority of the study population suffered from tuberculosis (28.2%) followed by candidiasis (24.5%). PLHA should be trained on safe sex strategy, correct and consistent use of condom among themselves & their partner as well as maintaining monogamous relationship. More involvement of Community Care centre to reinforce, care and counselling, support of PLHA against Opportunistic infection will reduce their poor health burden. IEC activities to promote value based lifestyle with reducing vulnerabilities among PLHA and creating a strong network among PLHA will prevent such harmful behaviour

Buildings in hot countries experience significant amount of heat gain through windows and this affects the thermal comfort of buildings' occupants. The proposed glazing is specially designed to reduce the electricity consumption for lighting and cooling. The optical properties of the glazing have been optimized by using rigorous coupled-wave analysis method. The glazing consists of ITO and four periodic pairs of Si/SiO2, deposited on a glass sheet. The fabrication of the glazing and the testing has been performed at the laboratories of the Faculty of Science, University of Witwatersrand, South Africa. Magnetron sputtering technique has been used for the fabrication. The optimum thicknesses of ITO, Si and SiO2, obtained from the simulation and the experimental work, are 0.1 μm, 0.15 and o.4 μm, respectively. The glazing transmits 70-80% of the visible light and reflects almost all the infrared radiation.

Metastasis of unknown primary origin (MUPO) account for 2–3 % of all malignancies in Western countries and represent a heterogeneous, often aggressive, and clinically challenging group of tumors with early metastatic dissemination for which a standardized diagnostic workup initially fails to identify the site of origin at the time of diagnosis. In the following chapter, we review the possibilities and challenges of tissue-based conventional as well as immunohistochimical procedures to categorize this heterogeneous group of neoplasms. We describe the role of pathology in MUPO diagnosis as part of a multidisciplinary effort primarily involving oncologists, surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists with the ultimate goal to aid in clinical reasoning and decision making.

The aim of this study is to analyze the relationships of the knowledge about environment, member’s participation on environment preservation, and member’s capacity to manage environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members. This study was carried out at the ranch area in Leuwiliang, Bogor (2003) with 70 respondents selected by multi stage random sampling. Respondents are ranchers and the members of cooperative. The data were analyzed using simple regression, multiple regressions, simple correlation, and multiple correlations. The study reveals that there are positive relationships between: (1) the knowledge about environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, (2) member’s participation on environment preservation with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, (3) members capacity to manage environment with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members, and (4) the knowledge about environment, members participation on environment preservation, and members capacity to manage environment, with the environment perspective of cooperatives’ members.

Carcinomatous meningitis from solid tumors has not been investigated in detail in the Moroccan population. Therefore, we reviewed our experience with this disease to determine its clinical features and treatment outcomes in Moroccan patients. We performed a retrospective review of all patients with solid cancers admitted to the Military Hospital Moulay Ismail in Meknes, Morocco with carcinomatous meningitis between January 2011 and December 2017. A total of 12 patients were included. 5 were males and 7 were females. The median age was 54 years old (39 – 77 years old). The most frequent primary tumor was breast cancer (50%) and lung cancer (34%). The median time from initial cancer diagnosis to the development of carcinomatous meningitis was 6.9 months (0 – 49 months). The most common symptoms were headache (67%), nausea and vomiting (42%), and vision changes (34%). The diagnosis of CM was established by both CSF cytology and MRI in 25% of patients, by CSF cytology alone in 17%, and by MRI alone in 58%. One of the 12 patients received supportive care only. Chemotherapy was the only treatment for 50% of patients, 17% received radiotherapy alone, and 25% received both chemotherapy and radiotherapy. The median survival from the time of carcinomatous meningitis diagnosis was 9 weeks (2 – 29 weeks). Our results confirm the continued poor prognosis of carcinomatous meningitis in Moroccan patients with solid tumors as well. Further clinical trials are needed to improve therapeutic strategies including prophylactic approaches

Blue Bird is taxi-type public transport. It is a conventional taxi that is very trusted people in Indonesia, especially in Medan. The Blue Bird Taxi is a taxi with a meter that can be trusted compared to other conventional taxis. Several factors can make passengers decide to use Blue Bird, one of which is to increase competitive advantage and utilize e-marketing. This study aims to determine and analyze the influence of competitive advantage and e-marketing to the decision of passengers. The population of this study used 129 students of Master of Management Science, Universitas Sumatera Utara. By using the Slovin formula, the sample number of 98 people is obtained. Data were collected by distributing questionnaires to respondents. Analytical techniques used are multiple linear analysis, classical assumption test, and hypothesis test. The results showed simultaneously competitive, and e-marketing advantages have a positive and significant impact on passenger decisions using Blue Bird and partially competitive advantage, and e-marketing have a positive and significant impact on the decision of passengers when using the taxi.

Facial trauma with retention of foreign material in the wound is of common occurrence. But foreign body impaction secondary to trauma in the neck is rare. Though such cases are common as part of occupational hazards, we rarely come across such cases related to road traffic accidents. Here we present a case report of impacted glass piece in the neck, secondary to a road traffic accident.

Every company always wants quality human resources as a valuable asset that is consistently sought and maintained. A company must be able to optimize supporting factor from employee productivity itself to get the optimal result of work. One factor that can improve productivity includes the layout of production facilities and supervision of work that exist in a company. This study aims to determine and analyze the effect of the layout of production facilities and supervision of existing work on production employees of Mawar Bakery. It involves the addition of motivation as a moderating variable to produce good productivity from existing production employees. This research is quantitative descriptive research, and the nature of the research is explanatory. Population includes production employees located at Mawar Pinang Baris, Mawar Setia Budi and Mawar Gatot Subroto involving 132 employees with a sample of 100 employees taken by simple random sampling. Data collection techniques were conducted by documentation studies and distributing questionnaires. The technique of data analysis by using regression analysis of Moderating Regression Analysis (MRA). The result of the test without the effect of moderation indicates that layout of the production facility and work supervision respectively have the positive and significant effect to work productivity of production employees. Work supervision becomes the dominant factor in increasing productivity compared to the layout of production facilities. Test results with moderation effects indicate that motivation is not as a variable that can moderate the influence of job control variables on work productivity of production employees. Thus productivity of production employees will increase if the layout of available facilities and work supervision applied to Mawar Bakery has been following the needs so that production employees can work efficiently.