Abstract: A novel, sensitive, specific and reliable gradient HPLC (High Performance Liquid Chromatography) method has been developed and validated for the identification and quantification of acids namely, Glyoxalic acid, Glycolic acid, Formic acid, Acetic acid, Diglycolic acid, Chloro acetic acid, Dichloro acetic acid and Trichloro acetic acid. A novel, suitable, rapid and sensitive analytical method was developed using HPLC technique for the above acids quantification and identification. The chromatographic separation of the acids were achieved on Atlantis T3 (250*4.6) mm, 5.0 µ column using 0.15 % TFA (Tri Fluoro Acetic acid) in water (v/v): Solvent mixture (98.5:1.5 v/v) as a mobile phase-A and Acetonitrile: Methanol (90:10%v/v). The solvent mixture was prepared by mixing the acetonitrile and methanol solvents in the ratio of 90:10 volumes. The HPLC method was validated with respect to limit of detection, limit of quantitation, specificity, linearity, accuracy and precision.

This study aimed to evaluate the polymerization depths of two different bulk-fill posterior composite resins and a conventional posterior composite resin with the microhardness test and there with the in vitro cytotoxicity test. For the microhardness test, 10 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. Microhardness values were measured from the top and bottom surfaces of each sample using the Vicker's microhardness test. For the cytotoxicity test, 12 samples were obtained for each group using Teflon molds. The extraction fluids of samples were obtained by incubating them at 37°C in RPMI 1640 medium for 24, 48, and 72 h. Cell viability was assessed using the MTT assay following incubation. The microhardness values of the top and bottom surfaces of composite resins were aligned as follows: Filtek Z550 Composite Resin > Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin > Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin. The microhardness ratio of Filtek Z550 Composite Resin was found to be significantly higher than those of other composite resins when the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios were compared. The difference between the bottom surface–top surface microhardness ratios of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin and the Tetric N-Ceram Bulk-Fill Composite Resin was not statistically significant. However, all composite resins provided the recommended polymerization depth (≥80%). No statistically significant difference was observed between the cytotoxicity values of the composite resins after 24- and 48-h incubation. However, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin showed a significantly higher cytotoxicity compared with the other groups after 72-h incubation. In addition, the cytotoxicity value obtained after 72-h incubation of the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin was significantly higher than the cytotoxicity values obtained after 24- and 48-h incubation. Although adequate polymerization depth was obtained in all study groups, the Filtek Bulk-Fill Posterior Composite Resin had significantly reduced cell viability after 72-h incubation.

Abstract: This study aims to describe clearly about the influence place, people, promotion and physical evidence on the decision of the visit to the Maritime Museum. The population in this study is that visitor who are in Maritime Museum. The sampling reached is 100 respondents. The research analysis performed by using SPSS (by applying method multiple linier regression analysis) IBM program version 21 statistical applications for data processing. The result of this research are: 1) Place significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 2) People significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 3) Promotion significantly influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 4) Physical Evidence influenced the decision of visit to the maritime museum, 5) People, Place, Promotion and Physical Evidence are simultaneously significant and influence the decision of visit to the Maritime Museum jointly.

Successful management of furcation involved (FI) teeth is still a challenge for clinicians. Multirooted teeth are at higher risk of periodontal destruction and early tooth loss due to their complex anatomy and posterior location in the arch. Maintenance of oral hygiene around furcation involved regions is difficult, resulting in early, rapid and severe periodontal destruction. The outcomes of conservative and regenerative therapies are unpredictable in such teeth. Resective periodontal therapy in combination with endodontic and prosthetic treatments, offers a more practical and predictable approach in management of such advanced FI teeth. This multidisciplinary approach not only treats and preserves the tooth along with its periodontium in part, but also restores its function as a whole. This case series presents bicuspidization, hemisection and root resection as resective periodontal therapy in the predictable and successful management of advanced grade II, grade III and grade IV FI teeth.

Abstract: In India where a rape is reported every 21 minutes, even the most horrific of them soon get forgotten while the victim’s memory is embedded with it forever. Violence against women is deeply entrenched in the feudal, patriarchal Indian society, where for the rapist, every woman is a fair game to play with and to safeguard their interests, and lawyers are playing a loyal role. This article makes an attempt to grasp the perspective of the lawyers both male and female regarding the rape law amendments that have taken place so far. It seeks to understand what changes the legal professionals think to be correct and what is incorrect with the system of judiciary. Also several specific rape cases have been involved including both popular and the forgotten rape cases to get an idea as to how far the criminal lawyers as a part of the legal system and handle rape cases very often, keep themselves updated with the happenings around the country. So much so has changed in the Indian law books to safeguard the interest of the women at home and outside the warmth of residence. But in implementation, has anything changed from Mathura rape case to Nirbhaya and beyond? This is the answer that this paper seeks to get from the side of the legal professionals as to grasp if they realize the loopholes of the criminal justice system or are they under the ignorant dilemma that aw is the ultimate tool a woman has to take up to get true justice.

Perpetual preservation of what is remaining is more important than meticulous reconstruction of what is lost. Preservation and restoration of badly carious or broken tooth possess problems due insufficient remaining tooth support supragingivally and it demands skills and knowledge on different aspects of dentistry. Clinical crown lengthening procedure aim to increase supragingival tooth structure to help in restoration of such teeth. Present report describes preservation of broken tooth with surgical crown lengthening and post core restoration.

Abstract: Contamination due to petroleum hydrocarbons may result from many sources. In Mauritius, coastal sediment pollution results mostly from anthropogenic sources such as industrial activities and the sea activities, mainly at the harbour. While some authors affirmed that sea activities polluted the coastal sediments, and the concentration of pollutants was found to be higher in the harbour, likewise, an investigation was set to quantify the amount of total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH), ranging from C10 to C40, in the neighbouring coasts from the Mauritius harbour at Port-Louis and to determine its effect on the coastal ecosystems. Three coastal sites were selected, namely, Tombeau Bay (C-BDT), Pointe aux Sables (C-PAS) and Mer Rouge (C-MER). Results showed that the most polluted the coastal sediments was Pointe aux Sables (451 mg/kg) followed by Tombeau Bay and Mer Rouge (less than 66 mg/kg) both. Despite that the chemical properties of the sediments analysed were favourable for microbial biodiversity, results showed that there was a much richer microbial biodiversity in less contaminated sediments while greater microbial activity (respiration rate) in the contaminated environment, C-PAS. Given that the toxicity of TPH in soil was established at range greater than 1000 mg/kg, it was noted that despite the C-PAS site was the most polluted, it did not reach the permissible limit. However, due to the urbanisation and intensive use of the sea for ship activities, the concentration of the level of pollution due to TPH is expected to increase in the forthcoming years.

This article is a study towards the dynamic of social media usage and its users, especially YouTubers. This research was aimed to explore the meaning of YouTube for content creators, find out the motive, and know the behavior of a content creator in YouTube. This research used social phenomenology research method from Alfred Schutz by employing a qualitative approach. The data were obtained by conducting interviews with 11 YouTubers which were selected via purposive sampling. The results of the study indicated different motives. There were 11 motive groups that encouraged informants becoming YouTube content creators. The motives were classified into 3 main motives: personal-use motive, social motive, and commercial motive. Furthermore, the behavior was being examined through phenomenological context; it had a meaning that as content creators, the informants were able to manage strategies to overcome the experienced obstacles to embody their motives. This research also revealed that YouTube was gradually constructed as a means to work or to be creative; means of media and information consumption, and means of business. YouTube turned out to be the reality of expression and business. One's behavior actually communicated who or how a person will form a self-identity.

Abstract: Our country which is located in the temperate climate zone is rich in terms of plant genetic resources due to its different ecological and topographical characteristics. Our country has about 12 thousand plant taxa in its flora. Among these plant taxa medicinal and aromatic plants have an important place. Salvia species, which are in the Lamiaceae family that contains medicinal aromatic plants are used for food, tea, cosmetics and perfumery industry and medical purposes among the public. This genus contains 900 species worldwide. In Turkey flora, its 95 species, including 51 endemic ones spread naturally. Tokat province, which is located in the Central Black Sea District Region showing the transitional characteristics between Black Sea region climate and Central Anatolia climate, is rich in plant diversity. Tokat is also rich in terms of Salvia species. It is estimated that there are about 15 Salvia species throughout the province. In this review, information about Salvia species and their biological activities which are distributed naturally in Tokat province are provided.

Burmese Citizenship Law-1982 has made the Muslim Rohingyas largest persecuted population groups in the world. Rohingya crisis in Myanmar is a contemporary and crucial issue not only in South and Southeast Asia but also in the world. The „duration of stay‟ of Rohingyas in Myanmar is a matter of controversy raised by Rohingya literatures and Arakanese Buddhists literatures. The root of antagonism between Rohingya Muslim and Buddhist Arakanese is historical. Only the dimension and extension has been changed with the advancement of time. Massive Rohingya exodus has been occurred three times in independent Myanmar, in 1978, 1991-92 and 2017 due to military operation. Huge number of refugee outflow has strike mainly in neighbouring Bangladesh border, has made geopolitical imbalance in the South-East Asia. Myanmar Government and Rohingya leaders should review their policy against each other and should start dialoging for the permanent solution. The paper tries to draw out the origin of Rohingyas and their long history of conflict with Buddhist Arakanese as well as with Government. Refugee issue and migration pattern also included here. Statements are almost bias free as much as possible and have been made best on important historical/research document.

Abstract: In this article we discussed on why Python require in Reinforcement Learning(RL). Python languages have a unique ecosystem, cultures and have their own philosophies. Python codes are available as open sources and Python community involvement with local, national and international events and it is helpful for new developers. Python have its wide array of open source code libraries, package management and ability to work well on platforms other than Windows OS. Finally, Python is great for deployment automation and web development and many non-developers are first introduced to the language and ecosystem while getting data analysis work done.

Littoral zones the world over fall amongst the most productive ecosystems because they possess diverse attributes which could be exploited for socio-economic development, such as mangroves. The Republic of Cameroon could equally be accessed via its maritime borders in the south and south west directions along its Atlantic coast. These coastal areas have developed a huge expanse of mangroves. The mangroves along Cameroon’s coast could be classified into three groups: the Rio Del Rey Estuary mangrove, the Cameroon Estuary mangrove and the Rio Ntem Estuary mangrove. Due to the lack of a coordinated management system, these mangroves have been exploited unscrupulously by the neighbouring communities in different ways as a livelihood activity in order to satisfy their needs and wants. This study sets out to assess the exploitation of mangroves along the littoral coast of Cameroon through field surveys and the consultation of institutional sources from government ministries such as Forestry and Wildlife (MINFOF) and Environment, Nature Protection and Sustainable Development (MINEPDED). It was observed that Cameroon’s Littoral zone extends to a distance of about 402km long, containing about 250,000 hectares of mangroves. However, these mangroves are unsustainably exploited by the neighbouring communities notably for fishing, mineral (mostly sand, petroleum) exploitation, wood harvesting for the smoking of fish and fuel wood, housing or settlement expansion, industrial activities, etc. All these human activities jeopardize the future existence of this mangrove-rich ecosystem as well as the benefits they hold for environmental sustainability and sustainable development, which is a major concern of the Cameroon government who have enacted various legislation and policies for their sustainable management.

Abstract: Computational methods are used to predict the most favorable site of furano sesquiterpenoids (FNTP) towards attack by a water molecule. The energetic of the various complexes are presented as well as their geometries, including Density Functional Theory (DFT) reactivity descriptors such as; Molecular electrostatic potential, Natural Bond Orbital (NBO), Mulliken Electrostatic Charges, Fukui functions HOMO-LUMO gaps data and interactions energies between FNTPs and water acting as simultaneous proton donor and acceptor, predict the reactivity of different basic sites in the following decreasing sequence: CO17> CO14> O19>O13 for FNTP-1 and CO16> O13 for FNTP-2.

This research aims to know the influence of work environment and work discipline to teacher performance SMP N 247 Jakarta. The object for this research is teacher at SMP N 247 Jakarta. This research was done to 32 respondents by using quantitative descriptive approach. Thus data analysis which is used is statistic analysis in the form of double linear regression test. The result of this research shows that either simultaneously or partially, the variable of work environment and work discipline to teacher performance SMP Ni 247 Jakarta. It has been proven from the result of (f) simultaneously test and the result of (t) partial shows significant point of two independent variables that supports hipothesys. Therefore, the accepted assumption is, there is influence between work environment and work discipline to teacher performance SMP N 247 Jakarta.

Abstract: In this study, the effect of SiC reinforcement on the electrical, mechanical, physical properties and microstructure of copper matrix composite contact material was investigated. The composite materials were produced by using the powder metallurgy method. The unalloyed copper and SiC powder mixtures were shaped by using a uniaxial press after mixing for 10 minutes at 300 rpm. The shaped specimens were heat treated in graphite powder bad in a capped steel chamber and sintered at 800° C for 2 hours. Electrical conductivity, hardness, density measurements, microstructure analyzes and mineralogical analyzes of the samples were performed after sintering. The structure-property relationships of the produced monolithic and composite copper contact materials are discussed. It was determined that the value of electrical conductivity decreased with increasing amount of SiC phase, and hardness value increased compared to pure copper. Cu-SiC composites revealed better mechanical properties than monolithic copper contact materials.