Stray dog populations have significant ecological, social and health impacts on both human and wildlife populations. In urban areas, these feral pose challenges such as the spread of zoonotic diseases, aggressive encounters, and competition for resources, affecting public safety and sanitation. In wildlife habitats, stray dogs disrupt the ecosystem by preying on native species, transmitting diseases, and competing with the indigenous predators. Additionally, human activities, including improper waste disposal and habitat encroachment aggravate the issue by providing the feral dogs with sustenance and shelter. Effective management strategies that include sterilization programs, community engagement, and policy interventions, are essential to mitigate the negative consequences while fostering sustainable coexistence. This paper explores the complex interactions between stray dogs, humans and wildlife and outlines effective strategies for balanced management.

Background: Interprofessional rivalry marked by competition, a lack of collaboration, and role conflicts among healthcare professionals has become a major hurdle in health systems, especially in low- and middle-income areas like Abuja, Nigeria. These tensions can really undermine teamwork, the quality of care, and overall health outcomes. Even though there's increasing concern about this issue, we haven't fully explored how such rivalry impacts service delivery and the performance of the health system in Abuja. Objectives: The goal of this systematic review is twofold: first, to gather and synthesize existing evidence on how interprofessional rivalry shows up and what drives it within the health system; and second, to evaluate the effects of this rivalry on health services. Methodology: To do this, we conducted a thorough search across various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, African Journals Online (AJOL), and Google Scholar, looking for both peer-reviewed and grey literature. We included studies that examined interprofessional dynamics in health facilities. Two reviewers independently extracted data and assessed quality using PRISMA guidelines, and we applied thematic synthesis to bring together both qualitative and quantitative findings. Discussion: Our review revealed ongoing rivalry between key professional groups, particularly between doctors and allied health workers. This rivalry is often fueled by perceived inequalities in leadership, pay, and recognition. Such tensions lead to fragmented care, poor communication, high staff turnover, and resistance to collaborative policy efforts. The broader systemic effects include weakened governance, flawed referral systems, and compromised patient safety. Additionally, context-specific issues like weak regulatory oversight and the politicization of professional bodies make the situation even worse. Conclusion: Interprofessional rivalry in the health sector has significant systemic implications that jeopardize the quality, equity, and sustainability of health services. There’s an urgent need for targeted interventions to address these challenges.

Computational chemistry is becoming a key tool for comprehending and creating new treatment materials due to the growing need for sustainable and effective wastewater treatment methods. This study thoroughly examines the molecular modeling, material design techniques, and mechanistic insights that support the creation of novel wastewater treatment solutions. Researchers can decipher the molecule-level adsorption, degradation, and catalytic processes of pollutants by utilizing density functional theory (DFT), molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, and quantum chemistry computations. In addition to making, it easier to identify active sites and reaction pathways, these insights also make it possible to rationally design functional materials with improved specificity and efficiency, such as metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs), graphene-based composites, and photocatalysts. The optimization of structural and electrical characteristics is made possible by molecular modeling, which also helps forecast the physicochemical interactions between pollutants and treatment materials. Furthermore, machine learning integration and computational screening are becoming effective strategies for speeding up the search for new therapeutic ingredients. Recent developments in computational methods for wastewater treatment are summarized in this study, emphasizing the cooperation between theoretical forecasts and experimental confirmations. The focus is on how computational insights drive process optimization and material innovation in the removal of new pollutants, heavy metals, dyes, and medicines. To create next-generation materials for water purification, the paper ends by describing upcoming potential and difficulties in combining data-driven design, multiscale simulations, and green chemistry principles. This integrated computational method has the potential to transform wastewater treatment technology and advance public health and environmental sustainability.

Biostatistics stands at the forefront of health sciences, serving as a vital link between raw data and meaningful health insights. This review explores the foundational principles of biostatistics and highlights its diverse applications across clinical trials, epidemiology, genomics, public health policy, environmental health, and healthcare quality assurance. By employing statistical tools such as probability theory, regression models, and machine learning techniques, biostatistics enables researchers to decode complex datasets, evaluate risk factors, and assess the effectiveness of medical and public health interventions. Special attention is given to the role of biostatistics in shaping evidence-based policies, driving precision medicine, and improving health outcomes. The review also addresses the pressing need to integrate biostatistics education at undergraduate and postgraduate levels, noting the gaps in statistical literacy among healthcare professionals. Common errors in statistical interpretation, such as misuse of summary measures and misunderstanding of p-values and confidence intervals, are discussed to emphasize the importance of accurate application. In conclusion, biostatistics not only enhances the scientific rigor of health research but also ensures data-driven decision-making in clinical and public health practice.

Introduction: HIV infection is frequently responsible for a variety of digestive manifestations, both infectious and tumoral in origin. Upper GI endoscopy is a key diagnostic tool. Materials and methods: This study aims to describe the endoscopic aspects of upper digestive lesions in patients with HIV infection (PLHIV). Conducted between July 2017 and July 2024. Results: this study included 28 PLHIV patients who underwent oesophago-duodenal fibroscopy (FOGD) + Biopsies. The most frequently observed lesions were congestive gastritis (59.2%), mycotic esophagitis (25%) and erosive gastritis (22%). Histological study confirmed a predominance of chronic gastritis associated with Helicobacter pylori (77%). Conclusion: These results confirm the importance of endoscopy in the diagnosis and management of digestive complications of HIV.

This study presents the development and validation of a stability-indicating UPLC method for the simultaneous estimation of Sulfamethoxazole and Clindamycin in both bulk and formulated forms. The method was validated following ICH Q2(R1) guidelines, assessing parameters such as accuracy, precision, and ruggedness. Forced degradation studies were conducted under various stress conditions, including acidic, basic, oxidative, wet heat, and UV exposure, to evaluate the stability of the drugs. The method demonstrated high accuracy with recovery rates between 99.62% and 100%, and precision with %RSD values below 0.23%. Significant degradation was observed under acidic and basic conditions, while the drugs remained stable under oxidative and wet heat conditions. The developed method effectively distinguishes the active pharmaceutical ingredients from their degradation products, confirming its suitability for routine quality control and stability testing.

Ergonomics is an interdisciplinary field that studies the relationship between people and various systems, aiming to improve human welfare and optimize system efficiency. In dentistry, ergonomics plays a critical role in sustaining clinicians' competence, efficiency, and ability to deliver high-quality treatment throughout their careers. Given the confined working field of the oral cavity, which demands precision within mere millimetres and careful force application, dental professionals are required to maintain static postures that involve prolonged muscle contraction, often engaging nearly 50% of their musculature. This physical strain, if unmanaged, can lead to various musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), compromising both practitioner health and patient care. This review aims to consolidate current literature on dental ergonomics, risk factors, the development of MSDs and techniques to improve ergonomics.

In order to effectively address the long-standing issue of Chinese Cultural Aphasia among English learners in China, this paper builds a “Three Inclusions” model of the Integrated English Course for undergraduate English majors under the guidance of POA theory. Taking Xi Jinping: The Governance of China as a starting point and POA theory as a guide, the paper redesigns the Integrated English Course across the board to achieve multi-dimensional integrated teaching path that combines concepts, textbooks, strategies, and evaluation. The whole teaching design can make up for the lack of discussion on Chinese culture and social reality in English teaching, strengthening the national conditions awareness of English major students, and enhancing their ability to tell China's stories well and spread China's voice well. Finally, "Equal Opportunity, Our National Myth" written by Joseph Stiglitz is selected for case study to demonstrate the specific implementation path for POA’s three phases of motivating, enabling and assessing.

The purpose of this study was to assess the demographic, clinical, and haematological characteristics of women with hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (HDP) compared to normotensive pregnant individuals during their third trimester. It was a cross-sectional study involving 270 women with HDP and 270 normotensive individuals admitted to the maternity unit at Nelson Mandela Academic Hospital in South Africa. The definition of HDP followed the International Society for the Study of Hypertension in Pregnancy guidelines. Blood pressure was measured using an automated device and blood samples were collected for measurement of haemoglobin, platelet count, creatinine, alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). The median age was 27 years while the youngest and oldest were 15 years and 46 years respectively. The unemployment rate was higher among women with HDP compared to normotensive individuals (p = 0.017). HIV prevalence showed no significant difference (p > 0.05). Hypertensive cases had higher median pulse rates [87(74-98) vs 82 (IQR:67-95) b/m, p = 0.023] and lower median platelet counts [(230 (IQR:159-281) vs 240 (IQR:192-293) x109/L, p = 0.009). Additionally, hypertensive cases had significantly (p < 0.0001) higher median levels of urea (3 vs 2 mmol/L), creatinine (60 vs 50 umol/L), AST (28 vs 21 u/L), ALT (14 vs 11 u/L), and LDH (383 vs 270 u/L).In conclusion, women with HDP exhibit distinct clinical and haematological differences compared to normotensive controls, highlighting the importance of careful monitoring for patients with HDP to mitigate potential complications.

Background: Preterm labor remains a leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality worldwide. Emerging evidence suggests that maternal iron status, particularly elevated serum ferritin levels, may be associated with preterm labor through mechanisms involving inflammation or oxidative stress. Methods: This case-control study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics & Gynaecology, Dhaka Medical College Hospital, from June 2022 to May 2023. A total of 88 pregnant women were enrolled, with 44 cases in the preterm labor group and 44 in the term labor (control) group. Maternal serum ferritin levels were measured and compared between the two groups. Sociodemographic and obstetric data were also analyzed. Statistical significance was determined using appropriate tests, with a p-value < 0.05 considered significant. Results: The mean maternal age was 25.59 ± 5.80 years in the preterm labor group and 24.56 ± 5.41 years in the term group (p = 0.076). A higher proportion of preterm labor cases were multiparous (59.1%), whereas most term deliveries were in primiparous women (52.3%), though this was not statistically significant (p = 0.285). Serum ferritin levels were significantly elevated in the preterm labor group (89.09 ± 106.07 ng/mL) compared to the term group (32.13 ± 31.40 ng/mL), with a p-value of 0.004. A significant negative correlation was found between ferritin levels and gestational age (r = -0.313, p < 0.05). Conclusion: Elevated maternal serum ferritin levels are significantly associated with preterm labor and inversely correlated with gestational age. Serum ferritin may serve as a potential biomarker for identifying women at risk of preterm delivery.

Background: Chronic illnesses are increasingly prevalent worldwide and often coexist with psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety, which negatively impact patients’ quality of life, treatment adherence, and clinical outcomes. Despite this burden, data on the prevalence of depression and anxiety among hospitalized chronic illness patients in Bangladesh, especially in tertiary care, remain limited. Objective: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression and anxiety among chronic illness patients admitted into medicine department at Al Haramain Hospital, Sylhet and to explore associated demographic and clinical factors. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted from April 2023 to March 2024 where 302 adult patients were diagnosed with chronic diseases. Depression and anxiety were assessed using the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) and Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) scales. Sociodemographic and clinical data were collected through structured interviews and medical records. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and logistic regression. Results: Among patients, 38.4% were aged over 60 years, and 53.6% were male. Diabetes Mellitus (35.8%) and Hypertension (31.8%) were the most common chronic illnesses. Most patients (43.0%) had illness duration exceeding five years. Depression was identified in 72.2% of patients, predominantly mild (31.8%) and moderate (24.5%). Anxiety was present in 68.2%, mainly mild (33.8%) and moderate (21.2%). Females had higher rates of depression (76.4%) and anxiety (71.4%) than males. Depression prevalence increased with illness duration, reaching 78.5% among those ill for over five years, and was highest in patients with chronic kidney disease (81%) and diabetes (76.9%). Overall, 47.4% experienced mental health issues; 20.5% had both depression and anxiety. Conclusion: Routine mental health screening and integrated interventions are urgently needed in chronic illness care to improve outcomes and quality of life. Multidisciplinary approaches including mental health professionals are recommended, alongside further multicenter research to develop culturally appropriate interventions in Bangladesh.

Gout is a metabolic condition characterized by recurrent episodes of acute arthritis, primarily resulting from the deposition of monosodium urate crystals in and around the joints. Recognized as one of the oldest known diseases, it is referred to as Niqris in the Unani system of medicine. This system is based on the Hippocratic concept of the four humours (Akhlāṭ): Dam (blood), Balgham (phlegm), Ṣafrā’ (yellow bile), and Sawdā’(black bile). According to Unani medicine, such disorders arise from an imbalance of these humours, alteration in Mizāj’(temperament), and the accumulation of abnormal substances (Mawad-e-Fasida) in the joint spaces. Classical Unani physicians believed that Niqris typically affects individuals who have an excessive buildup of abnormal humours and are unable to eliminate them from the body. These retained substances settle in the joints, set off inflammatory responses marked by sharp pain, swelling, redness, and heat. This study aims to analyze the Unani perspective on the etiopathogenesis and clinical features of gout, as documented in classical texts, research articles, and manuscripts. The findings highlight the depth of Unani medical understanding and its potential role in guiding effective preventive and therapeutic strategies for the management of gout.

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When capital consultants invest in a business, they are likely to bear risks, especially property risks. The law has provided clear regulations on the property responsibilities of consultants, specifically members of limited liability companies and shareholders of joint stock companies. Accordingly, the property liability regime is a type of civil liability that members of a limited liability company and shareholders of a joint stock company may have to bear when contributing capital to the company. Although this is a liability regime, it is also a guarantee and a manifestation of the state's viewpoint and attitude toward investors. This liability regime includes two types: liability for the company's debts and property obligations within the scope of the capital contributed to the company, also known as the limited liability regime and the "personal" property liability regime arising in some special cases as prescribed by law.

This study examines the juridical aspects of cyber defamation against state officials through internet media in Semarang, Indonesia, with a focus on the enforcement practices of the Central Java Regional Police (Polda Jateng). The research aims to analyze the phenomenon, legal challenges, and potential solutions to cyber defamation, which undermines the authority of state officials and public trust in governance. Employing a qualitative juridical approach, the study combines normative legal analysis with a case study of Polda Jateng’s handling of defamation cases. Data were collected through legal document reviews, including Indonesia’s Electronic Information and Transaction Law (UU ITE) and Constitutional Court rulings, alongside interviews with law enforcement officials. Findings reveal that cyber defamation is driven by public dissatisfaction, political conflicts, and legal ignorance, exacerbated by the broad interpretation of UU ITE’s defamation provisions. The study highlights the tension between protecting state officials and safeguarding freedom of expression, as excessive use of UU ITE risks criminalizing legitimate criticism. Proposed solutions include preventive education on internet ethics, stricter enforcement protocols, and enhanced victim support mechanisms. This research contributes to the development of criminal law and information law, offering practical recommendations for balancing state authority and individual rights in the digital age.