This paper shows experimentally effect of gravel beds to reduce erosion of soil downstream of submerged hydraulic jumps by using a physical model, gravel beds are employed downstream of radial gate to dissipate the energy and to control the erodibility of cohesionless soils. Two different types of gravel were considered, natural particle with graded grain sizes, and non-uniform big grain sizes, a state of smooth bed was included to estimate the influence of gravel beds on the scour hole dimensions. A preliminary comparison of the incipient motion values shows that granular soils downstream gravel bed have a smaller free surface flow erosion than the granular soils downstream smooth bed. Additional comparison of the experimental data incipient motion criteria also suggests that decrease void ratio for gravel bed leads to minimize erosion the soil. The gravel beds reduce the maximum scour hole by rate from 47% to 66% in comparing with the smooth bed.

The indiscriminate disposal of animal waste in the environment has led to the search for solution by recycling these wastes, which includes the use of animal bone waste in the construction industry, as a partial replacement of cement in concrete. The aim of this project is to study the properties of the concrete by partial replacement of cement with animal bone powder. The bone powder is replacing cement partially by weight in mix proportion (3%, 6%, 9%, 12% and 15%). The objectives of this research are to protect the environment from the harmful effects of animal wastes by using animal bone powder in concrete as a partial replacement for cement, to study the possibility of using animal bone powder in the concrete mix and to investigate the effect of animal bone powder on the compressive and the spilt tensile strength of the concrete mixture. Conduct preliminary tests on the basic materials, including fine aggregate, coarse aggregate and cement. The mix design was developed for C30 grade concrete using the ACI method. The mix proportion used is 1: 1.67: 2.34 with water cement ratio of 0.5. Cube samples with dimension of 150mm×150mmx150mm and cylinder samples of 150mm diameter and 300mm height respectively were used to prepare concrete mix. Concrete samples were cast during this study replacing the cement with the animal bone powder. A total of 18 cubes and 18 cylinders were cast in this study and the samples were cured in the water tank for 28 days under normal conditions. Cube samples were tested for compressive strength and cylinder samples for split test in a UTM. The research has shown that the use of animal bone powder as a partial replacement of cement in concrete can affect the properties of the concrete. The results of the experiments showed an increase in compressive strength and split tensile strength when compared with the results of the normal mix however; as the bone powder content increased a reduction in the workability of the concrete was observed and recorded. Furthermore, the results showed the optimal replacement percentage of BP in concrete is 6 percent with compressive strength of 36.2 N/mm2 when compared with other replacement ratios. Therefore, from an environmental and technical perspective, there is an opportunity to utilize waste animal bones in concrete for construction applications.

Esthetic tooth replacement is a challenging procedure for the dentist, patient, and technician. Loss of the anterior teeth with existing diastema may result in excess space. Various treatment options are available for the replacement of multiple anterior teeth. These options include partial removable dental prosthesis (RDP), an implantsupported prosthesis, and conventional fixed dental prosthesis (FDP). FDP, along with loop connector, is the best treatment option but not on those with limited interocclusal space and with deep bite. The cantilever FDP with canine and lateral incisor is the proper choice for such case. The cantilever FDP design enhances the natural appearance of the restoration and proper contour, emergence profile, and dental forum. This clinical report describes a technique that fabricates a bilateral three-unit metal ceramic (MC) cantilever FDP to achieve optimal esthetics and functional correction for patients with missing maxillary central incisors along with diastema in between central incisors.

Women hospitalized with high risk pregnancy are exposed to many stressors such as separation from their families, unsuitable and noisy environment, hospital routine, lack of privacy. Stress has negative effect on maternal, fetal and neonatal outcomes such as abortion, preterm birth and low birth weight babies. One group time series research design. A purposive sample of 45 high risk pregnant women. High risk in-patient (unit 21) at El Manial University Hospital. A- Maternal Interviewing Questionnaire, B- Perceived Stress Scale, C- Hospital Stressors Assessment Sheet. Study revealed statistical significant difference in stress level before and after intervention due to emotional support (X2 41.627, P .000*) and there is statistical significant difference between stress level and maternal complications (X2 49.828, P .023*), but there is no statistical significant difference between stress level and neonatal birth weight, neonatal complications(X2 18.280, P .107*), time and mode of delivery. Women hospitalized with high risk pregnancy need not only medical treatment but also to give attention to their psychological status and provide emotional support from health care providers.

Nipple trauma is a common complaint among breastfeeding women and it is one of the main reasons why some women decide to stop breastfeeding. It confronts nursing women 3-6 days after birth, especially primipara. Nipples become painful and start to show small cracks, which may bleed. This study aimed to test effect of olive oil application to nipples during late pregnancy on prevention of post partum nipple trauma .Subjects and methods (One group time series) quasi-experimental design was adopted in this study to achieve the stated aim. Purposive sample of 100 pregnant women who met inclusion criteria were recruited for the study from antenatal clinic of Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital. Data were collected through 4 tools (I) Maternal structured interview questionnaire, (II) Nipple soreness rating scale (NSR),(III) Nipple trauma score (NTS), (IIII) WHO B-R-E-A-S-T Feed observation form. Procedures were carried out through four phases Interviewing, Pretest, Intervention, Posttest. Results The study finding revealed that 67% of the study sample had no nipple trauma (score 0) according to nipple trauma score assessment at 3rd day after starting breastfeeding, it was also revealed that their is a highly significant relation between period and frequency of application of olive oil to the nipples during late pregnancy and incidence of nipple trauma with breastfeeding (p=.000).This study concluded that Olive oil is effective for prevention and treatment of nipple trauma. The study recommended that application of olive oil during late pregnancy is beneficial in prevention of nipple trauma.

Programming foreign television soap operas on free to air TV stations in East Africa is a common feature. However, an interesting phenomenon is developing where regionally produced serial dramas are increasingly consumed across borders; drawing good audience share. A case in point is „The Hostel‟- a Ugandan soap opera aired weekly on both NTV Uganda and NTV Kenya. What could be the cross cutting attraction of this programme on the Kenyan audience where similar genres have not performed as well? Using the audience reception theory, the study conducted 8 FGDs in two university campuses. An in-depth interview was also conducted with the NTV station programme coordinator. The findings revealed a favourable reception towards the programme but with character identity, accent and story realism as strong indicators for its attraction. Though the findings cannot be generalized, it is an insight for those who intend to produce such drama across the East African region.

In this paper, based on WuZhiWen's 2002 construction method on comprehensive index of financial fragility, respectively from the fragility of the financial market subsystem, the fragility of the banking subsystem, the fragility of the financial supervision subsystem and the fragility of the macro-economic environment subsystem, to measure the degree of China's financial fragility during the period of 1997 to 2016. Then taking the four subsystem indicators and comprehensive indicators into the Wurgler's 2000 model of capital allocation efficiency. The result shows that, firstly, China's financial fragility generally declined in 1997 to 2016, and the fragility of the financial supervision subsystem was the highest. Secondly, the financial fragility has an inhibitory effect on the capital allocation of China's real economic capital, which the financial supervision subsystem has a particularly obvious suppression on it.

Despite their well-known harmfulness to human health, pesticides persist largely used for plant cultivation. These molecules are highly resistant to degradation by plant metabolism, while their presence, even as traces is dangerous at phytosanitary quality and environment impact. Now, due to regulations and quality standards, food industries seek to control these contamination risks and conduct research on technologies able to efficiently eliminate pesticide residue traces. Since the mechanisms of eradicating molecules are classified in three ways of evaporation, dissolution, and thermal degradation; the decontamination process should depend on three important factors: i/ the nature of the products (composition and technological/structural aptitude), ii/ the nature of the pesticides (volatility, solubility, and thermal stability), and iii/ the type of the disinfection process. The instant treatment operations have the particularity of 1/ weak thermal degradation because of HTST (high-temperature/short-time) nature; 2/ frail solubilizing by using the steam instead of liquid soaking as heating fluid, and 3/ favorable elimination of vapor molecules through the instant autovaporization. Therefore, the present study aims at the application of the multi-flash autovaporization MFA technology in the treatment of tetrachloro-m-xylene, aldrin, γ-chlordane and dieldrin pesticide residues in the case of rapeseed oil (brute). This resulted in drop-down levels of 45.2%; 30.6%; 32.2%; and 29.2%, respectively for the initial concentrations of 5, 4.51, 1.98 and 3.98 (10-2 mg/kg of oil), respectively. Far from a real optimization of the operation, 51-cycle MFA at a heating temperature of 50 °C reduced the total pesticide concentration from 15.39 to 9.99 (10-2 mg/kg oil) .

Derivatives have been around in the global market for a very long time. The evidence of characteristics of derivative contracts can even be found in the incidents that date back to the ages before Jesus Christ and in India in epic as old as Mahabharata. The first recorded instance of futures trading appears to have been occurred with Yodoya rice market in Osaka, Japan around 1650. Futures are one of the most popular derivative contracts in India as compared to traditional securities market. The stock exchanges in India have been in existence for more than a century now. Bombay Stock Exchange (BSE) is a stock exchange located in Mumbai, Maharashtra and was established in 1875. Subsequently, the National Stock Exchange (NSE) was set up in November 1992. The road for stock exchange traded derivatives contracts was cleared with the removal of prohibition of options on securities by way of amendment to Securities Laws through Securities Laws (Amendment) Ordinance, 1995. A Bill was introduced on October 28, 1999 and was converted into an Act on December 16, 1999 making way for derivatives trading in India. This study focus on the understanding the price movements and behaviours of futures market in India with special reference selected futures. The study also reveals the relationship among various future contracts of different companies.

This study aims to provide a new perspective in order to improvement public awareness on preservation temple through multicultural education. It was based on the facts that the destruction of the temple and theft cases by increase steadily. For example, East Java people living around the temple take the temple’s bricks to make red cement and they sell them to earn some money. Moreover, the chief of Radya Pustaka Museum in Surakarta was arrested for her action of stealing some statues from the museum collection. These cases show that people have not fit consciousness to preserve their cultural heritage as identity that indicates lowering multiculturalism sense. Majority of the people have different perceptions about the temple. They considered the temple as the burial site of the ancient Hindu’s kings. Their opinion was based on folklore, myth, and legend. Most of the temple’s visitors also have different perception. They regard the temple as a sacred building which functioned as a tomb. Therefore, they do not dare to do anything inside the temple’s complex area. Multicultural education was a concept that addresses cultural diversity and equality in schools. Equality ensures that students are provided the same access to the benefits of society regardless of their group membership. One of the strategies to sustain public perception and awareness to care and preserve temple in their residence was improving people knowing about the other culture and the heritage. In this context students need introduced temple through a variety of activities such as study tours, observation, fieldtrip, etc. The temple also been used as learning resources; especially in social studies where teachers explore the environmental aspects of the temple both physical and socio-cultural. Social studies learning by medium of temple, and learning resources expected to improve the quality of teaching and awareness of the differences.

This article is an Analysis of the contents of a manuscript titled Udad al-Da’i ila din Allah, translated as "The provisions of preachers’ towards Allah’s religion" of Shaykh Uthman bn Foduye. The manuscript was written in Arabic language in the 17th century by a well known reformer of Hausa land. We therefore intend to highlight its contents in English language for the benefit of English readers who may find Arabic language difficult to understand and also to the contemporary readers who do not know much about Shaykh Uthman bn Foduye and his works. The manuscript is also useful for preachers and students of Islamic studies. The manuscript is divided into seven sections as follows: The first section deal with obligation of admonition to do good and warning against evil deed. Section two is on what should be taught by a preacher on the oneness of Allah. Section three includes what a preacher should teach on jurisprudence. Section four deals with what a preacher should teach on Sufism. Section five explains what a preacher should teach on verses of warning. Section six is on what a preacher should teach on verses of glad tidings and the last section is on the ethics of a preacher. In presenting all these sections, an analysis of what is contained in them was provided and finally the conclusion and references follow.

The study examined the effect of entrepreneurship on the organizational growth of HAPEL company, Emene, Enugu State. The specific objectives were to: Evaluate the effect of entrepreneurs planning on organizational operations and examine the extent of entrepreneurship activities in achieving efficient inventory planning. The research survey design was used. A population of 321 was used and sampled. Out of workers sampled 298 staff returned the questionnaire and accurately filled. The validity of the instrument were tested using content analysis, and the result was good. The reliability was tested using the Pearson correlation coefficient (r). It gave a reliability coefficient of 0.85 which was also good. The data were analyzed using the F- statistic tool (ANOVA). The findings include: there is a significant effect of entrepreneurial planning on organizational operations. F(95, n = 321) = 6649.857, p < 0.05; Entrepreneurship activities have significant effect on achieving efficiency in inventory control. F(95, n = 321) =4471.534 , p < 0.05. The study recommends that to determine successive phases of growth and development, resources need to be reconfigured during the transitions between stages, there is a limited study on the growth path of the entrepreneur on SMEs. The study concludes that growth of any industrial organization is attributed to the contribution of entrepreneurship because of their effort in providing services and other technical outputs to the industrial organization is attributed to the contribution of entrepreneurship because of their effort in providing services and other technical inputs to the individual organizations.

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of DER, ROA, EPS and MS on stock returns on telecommunications sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange. This study uses annual data for the observation period from 2012 to 2016. The type of research is descriptive causality. The data used is panel data which is a combination of annual time series data and cross section processed using panel data regression analysis. The population is telecommunications companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange in 2012 up to 2016 a number of 5 companies. The sampling technique used purposive sampling, found a sample of 4 companies with a 5-year observation to obtain a total observation of 20. Data were obtained from Sahamok. Data analysis in this study is panel data regression. The model used is Fixed Effect Model. The results of the analysis show that the DER variable has a significant positive effect, ROA has a significant positive effect, while EPS and MS have no significant negative effect on stock returns, namus simultaneously to the four variables DER, ROA, EPS and MS together can affect the stock return shown by data processing results that get R2 value of 82.44% of the telecommunications sector stock returns on the Indonesia Stock Exchange for the period 2012-2016.

The purpose of the study was to examine the effect of co-operative credit union (CCU) on the economic well-being of employees. The study was a case study with a sample size of 182. However, only 179 of the respondents participated in the study. The census method was used to capture all the respondents. A questionnaire with three sections was the instrument used to address the research objectives. Data analyses were applied, including cross tabulation, frequency and percentage distribution. The findings from the study have established that credit union scheme has assisted members significantly in overcoming most of the financial challenges facing them. This helped in improving the quality of life of the members. Management staff of the union was found to lack the needed professional competence and expertise for managing the scheme. Based on the key findings and conclusions the study recommended to management of the union to ensure that interest rates are reduced further and the competence of the management staff of the scheme is upgraded in risk and investment management to make the scheme more sustainable to continue enhancing and improving the economic well-being of its members significantly.

The overall aim of the study was to elucidate on how strategic leadership influences strategy implementation in the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions (ODPP) in Nakuru County, Kenya. The key research question of this paper is if strategic leadership is a driver of successful strategy implementation in the Office of the Director of Public Prosecutions selected. Theoretical underpinning for the study was based on three theories namely Resource Based View, Open Systems Theory, as well as Institutional Theory. Data was collected using self-administered semistructured questionnaires. Reliability of the research instruments was 0.610, established using the Cronbach’s alpha coefficient indicating that the conditions of reliability were met. Construct validity of the instruments was established by sharing the information of the instruments with experts in the area of strategic planning and implementation. Data analysis was conducted using inferential analysis with the aid of SPSS version 20. The computed value of the Spearman correlation coefficient was r = 0.560, which was significant at P<0.05. The study findings are therefore critical to various stakeholders in the Criminal Justice System, especially the Office of Director Public Prosecutions. These study findings strengthen the Government’s understanding of the strengths and weaknesses of strategy implementation and make this a basis for strategy implementation process in the office of the DPP and other Government offices.