ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 10, 2018
Influence of Antagonistic Crustaceans on Population of Aedes aegypti Larvae under Simulated Conditions
Ankita Thakur, Devinder Kaur Kocher
Page no 465-468 |
10.21276/haya.2018.3.6.3
Dengue and chikungunya are two mosquito-borne viral ailments transmitted
by the same species of mosquito, Aedes aegypti and these ailments are of great public
health concern in country like India. Thus, the present study was aimed to check the
influence of antagonistic crustaceans on population of Aedes mosquitoes. Based on
our laboratory experiments, the best ratio of antagonistic crustaceans (Cyclopoid
copepod, Mesocyclops aspericornis and cladoceran, Daphnia magna) was chosen
against Aedes aegypti larvae to test the influence of these crustaceans under simulated
conditions. During the study it was observed that overall time taken for the larvae to
convert into adult was 14.82±2.65 ranging from 14.0-21.0 days i.e. 4 days longer than
the control sets. L1 larval stage was more prone to mortality i.e. 42.35±0.69 than other
larval stages. Total adult emergence was significantly reduced i.e. 52.30±1.57
(31.65±0.69 males and 20.65±0.88 females). Significant reduction in body size of both
male and female was observed i.e. 3.79±0.16 mm (control 4.44±0.07 mm) and female
size significantly reduced to 4.17±0.15 mm when compared with control sets i.e.
5.48±0.08 mm. Life span of males was reduced from 15.35±1.20 to 9.33±0.33 days
and in case of females longevity was reduced from 22.00±1.15 to 11.67±0.66 days.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | June 10, 2018
Climbers of Rampur and Kotgarh Forest Division of Shimla District, Himachal Pradesh
Prem Prakash, Mukesh Kumar Seth, Priya Kumari
Page no 517-520 |
10.21276/haya.2018.3.6.11
Himachal Pradesh is lying between 30.22' to 33.12' North latitudes and 75.47'
to 79.04’ East longitudes. The area of the state is 55,673 km2 with almost mountainous
elevations ranging from 350-6500 m above the mean sea level. Shimla is surrounded by
Mandi and Kullu in the north, Kinnaur in the east, Uttarakhand in the southeast, Solan
to the southwest and Sirmaur in the south. It is the third most populous district of
Himachal Pradesh, after Kangra and Mandi. In the present study 24 climber species
belonging to 12 families and 19 genera have been reported. Cucurbitaceae and
Ranunculaceae with 4 species, Apocynaceae with 3 species, Convolvulaceae with 2
species, Dioscoreaceae and Menispermaceae with 2 species and other families with one
species.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Efficiency of Anti-Epileptic Drug Topiramate in Treatment of Glioblastoma: An In Vitro Perception
Sharma Arpana, Kartha Anitha, Singh Rana Pratap, Mishra J.P.N
Page no 440-449 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i05.009
Brain tumors account for 85% to 90% of CNS tumors. In 20-40% of the patients suffering from brain tumor (BT), seizures are common during the commencement of the disease. The relationship between the onset of seizures and brain tumor is poorly understood. These patients show a complex therapeutic profile making selection of the drugs very tough. The quality of life of the patient is highly compromised due to brain tumor-related epilepsy (BTRE) as it is drug-resistant and poses the challenging risk factor for everlasting disability. Hence, there arise the need of unique and multidisciplinary approach of proper selection of medications with minimum side effects. Glioblastoma Multiforme is a grade IV highly malignant tumor attacking the glia, which provides nourishment and assist in signal transmission. Glioma cells secrete glutamate and choose neurotransmitter receptors for their invasive growth. Glutamate binds to ionotropic receptors, activate calcium release mediating excitatory neurotransmission. The alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazole propionic acid (AMPA) receptors are the major mediators of glutamate-mediated excitatory neurotransmission and are critical for spread of epileptic activity. Glutamate is the main culprit for both the occurrence of seizures and glioma metastases. Hence there lies an opportunity to use the anti-epileptic drugs which targets calcium permeable AMPA receptors for the treatment of glioblastoma as well as BTRE. Topiramate (TPM), a derivative of D-fructose is a novel broad spectrum anti-epileptic drug which shows antagonistic effect on AMPA receptor. When treated with TPM a dose-dependent decrease in live cell number, increase in the number of apoptotic cells, decrease in the calcium influx, reduction in phosphorylation of Akt, Erk1/2 expression were observed. Also phosphorylation of AMPA receptor in presence of EGF was observed. The data suggests that topiramate lead to decrease in proliferation and survival by decreasing calcium influx and inhibiting mitogenic and survival signalling in U87MG cells.
REVIEW ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Violation of Cooperative Principle: Comparative Analysis of Jing Xing Show and A Date with Lu Yu
Weixuan Shi, Pengying Qu
Page no 677-681 |
10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.5.14
TV talk show is a program in which a host communicates with a guest about
a certain topic or person. Usually, the host and guest follow the cooperative principle
during their communication, but both sides violate the cooperative principle in the
program, realizing the conversational implicature of avoiding answering questions
directly, implicit expression and additional information and so on. This article, based
on Grice’s Cooperative Principle, attempts to analyze the similarities and differences
between Jin Xing Show and A Date with Lu Yu in terms of programming orientation as
well as host style from the perspective of violation of cooperative principle. And the
examples in this article are chosen from two Chinese shows, in which Hu Ge, a popular
actor in China as the guest. It is hoped that this study can provide some reference for
other talk shows, and can improve people’s ability of daily conversation and enhance
people’s language charming and communicative competence.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Software effort estimation using ANN technique
Siva Suryanarayana Ch, Satya Prakash Singh
Page no 396-401 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i05.003
Software has frolicked an increasing significant role in methods acquisition, engineering, development, mainly for large complex systems. For such systems, accurate estimates of the software costs are a perilous part of effective software management. The preparation of forecasting the cost of the software has evolved, but it is far from perfect. Constructive cost model is the most widely used among all the models available. The proposed model focusses on data set obtained from 91 models nick named as “Maxwell”. The projected model is tested and the test results from the neural network are matched with that of COCOMO model. From the experimental results, it is concluded that the amalgamation of the proposed model for the “Maxwell” data has proved better than the existing COCOMO and another model as obtained from literature.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Role of Langerhans Cells in Oral Epithelial Dysplasia and Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Dr. Veda Hedge, Dr. Preeti K
Page no 184-189 |
10.21276/sjodr.2018.3.5.10
Langerhans cells are dendritic, antigen-presenting cells which reside within
the stratified squamous epithelium of skin and various mucosae, where they function as
the outermost arm of the immune system. Langerhans cells play an important role in
inflammation and immune responses, including anti-tumour activity. Thus this study is
aimed to identify the role of Langerhans cell in oral dysplastic epithelium and oral
squamous cell carcinoma. Quantitative analysis of Langerhans cells were done in
normal oral mucosa (n=10), oral dysplastic epithelium (n=20) and oral squamous cell
carcinoma (n=20) with immunohistochemical analysis using monoclonal antibody
against CD1a. Counting was done in ten non-overlapping consecutive high power fields
by two independent observers. An increase in the number of Langerhans cells were
observed from normal mucosa to oral dysplastic epithelium and oral squamous cell
carcinoma. There was no statistically significant increase observed from oral dysplastic
epithelium to oral squamous cell carcinoma. The immune system responds to the
dysplastic and invading epithelium in oral squamous cell carcinoma by recruiting
Langerhans cells. Langerhans cells present altered antigen to naïve T cells, thus
initiating an immune response. However, tumour microenvironment has a critical role in
modulating the recruitment and function of Langerhans cells in oral squamous cell
carcinoma
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Microscopic Features, Chromatographic Fingerprints and Antioxidant Property of Tetracera rosiflora Gilg
Muanyishay CL, Mutwale PK, Diamuini AN, Luhahi FL, Ngombe NK, Luyindula SN, Mpiana PT
Page no 402-407 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i05.004
Tetracera rosiflora Gilg is a medicinal plant used in the Congolese pharmacopeia for the treatment of various diseases. The aim of this work was to achieve the micrographic analysis of the powder of leaves of T. rosiflora from Pumbu City (Kinshasa) and Lukala areas (Kongo Central), to determine their chemical composition and to evaluate the antioxidant activities of their different extracts. Extracts from leaves of this species were characterized for their chemical fingerprint by Thin Layer Chromatography and their in vitro antioxidant activities were evaluated using ABTS, DPPH assays. Microscopically leaves can be characterised by non-glandular trichomes, sinuous anticlinal epidermal cells, and parenchymal cells with cristal of calcium oxalate, polycytic stomata and spiraled vessels. Thin Layer Chromatography showed that leaves of Tetracera rosiflora contain varied phytochemicals such as anthocyanins, flavonoids, coumarins, iridoids, phenolic acid, tanins and the terpenes. All tested extracts (methanolic and dichloromethane) have exhibited high antiradical activities. The obtained results showed that the interesting bioactivities of T. rosiflora correlated with the chemical composition, which depends on several factors including climatic conditions. T. rosiflora is a phytogenetic resource of the Congolese pharmacopoeia with promising therapeutic potentials for the management of various pathologies associated with oxidative stress.
REVIEW ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Theoretical Issues of Accountability and Accountability of the Heads of the State Administrative Agencies in Vietnam
Nguyen Minh Phu
Page no 582-589 |
10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.5.2
The article has focused on clarifying the concept of accountability, the head
and accountability of the head of the state administrative agency, indicating the factors
constituting the accountability of the head of the state administrative agency, things to
do with good results and things not to do; Obligations, rights and accountability taking
of the heads of state administrative agencies in complying with the law and serving the
people; In planning, making decisions and directing activities of the agency, organizing
the performance of functions and duties assigned by the State and the people; pointing
out the characteristics of accountability of the head of the state administrative agency in
order to understand, regulate and unanimously perform the accountability of the head of
the state administrative agency in Vietnam.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Hand Washing Practices in Kieni East Sub-County, Nyeri, Kenya
Mwamburi Cosmas Mwashumbe, Otieno George Ochieng, Munene Kennedy Muriithi, Muriu Nelson Mwangi
Page no 470-474 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i05.012
Hand washing with soap is among the most effective and inexpensive ways to prevent diarrheal diseases and pneumonia, which together are responsible for the majority of child deaths. Routine Surveillance data shows increased morbidity from diseases of poor hygiene and environmental health in Kieni East sub-County, Nyeri County of Kenya. The objectives of the study were to assess hand hygiene, evaluate prevalence of diarrhea, find out relationship between socio-demographic characteristics and state of sanitation and evaluate relationship between hand washing practices and diarrhea diseases. A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 200 household selected randomly between October and November 2017. Additional data was obtained from key informant interviews with facility in-charges and community resource persons. It was found that majority (78%) of the respondents washed their hands after visiting the toilet while 20% washed their hands before preparing food. Whereas toilet facilities had a high coverage (97%), coverage of hand washing facilities was lower (60%). Coverage of hand washing facilities with soap was very low (27%). There was a significant relationship between level of education (p=0.025) and availability of hand washing facilities with soap. Similarly, there was a significant relationship between occupation (p=0.019) and availability of hand washing facilities with soap. There was a significant relationship between households with hand washing facilities with soap (p=0.00) and diarrhea cases reported in the previous 4 weeks. The study concluded that there is poor hand hygiene among residents of Kieni East sub-County. Although majority of respondents recognized the importance of hand hygiene, hand washing was not frequently observed. A sensitization program is urgently required in Kieni East sub-County on hand washing and hand hygiene.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Utility of Cell Population Data as an Early Predictor of Dengue
Jihil Justin, Febe Renjitha Suman, Dmitry Sukhachev, Naveen K, RithikaRajendran, Uma Lakshmi
Page no 135-139 |
10.21276/sjpm.2018.3.5.1
There is a need for a rapid and reliable test to predict dengue so that the
patients are managed and monitored. Beckman Coulter LH series instruments provide
data on leukocyte cell volume, V; conductivity, C; and light scatter, S which is useful in
distinguishing viral and bacterial infections. This prospective study was undertaken in
Chennai - India for a period of one and a half years. The cell population data for the
dengue positive and negative patients were retrieved from the hematology analyzer
Beckman Coulter LH780. Statistical analysis was performed using MedCalc for
Windows version 15.0. Mann-Whitney test was used to compare the VCS indices
between the different groups. Dengue positive, suspected and controls were 499, 493,
499 respectively. Male: female ratio is 1.4:1. The platelet count, standard deviation of
volume and conductivity of monocytes, volume and percentage of lymphocytes and
platelet counts were used to construct a tree model which distinguishes dengue from
suspected cases with sensitivity, specificity and efficiency of 94.84%, 77.88% and
89.59% respectively. A classification tree was developed using changes in monocytes,
lymphocytes and lymphocyte and platelet counts.
REVIEW ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Causality Relationship among the Changes of Stock Price, Exchange Rate, Crude Oil Price, and Gold Price: Evidence from Malaysian Market
Aye Aye Khin, Ooi Chee Keong, Lau Yeng Wai
Page no 408-415 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i05.005
Gold is a safe haven asset especially in times of uncertainties and can provide long-term capital gain. The objective of this study is to investigate the causality relationship among the changes of the Malaysia stock price index (KLCI), US stock price index (DOJ), Malaysian currency exchange rate (EXR) and crude oil price (COP) on the gold price (POG) in the Malaysian Market. This study employs vector error correction method with co-integration analysis, Granger causality test, and model evaluation. Based on the findings, COP and the lagged of the gold price (POG) only have a significant short-term relationship, however, the KLCI, DOJ, EXR and COP has also a significant long-term relationship with the gold price. Moreover, POG granger causes KLCI and COP also granger causes POG, both are uni-directional causality. Furthermore, EXR granger causes POG with bi-directional causality. Evidently, EXR and COP changes are importantly affecting the gold price changes. Otherwise, the gold price changes are affecting also the changes of KLCI and EXR in the study. These findings are important for investors who are opportunities for investment in gold in Malaysia.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Role of Surveillance in Combating Ebola Virus Disease Outbreak in West Africa – A Systematic Review
K. N. Anueyiagu, S.O. Digba, B.C. Echeonwu
Page no 140-150 |
10.21276/sjpm.2018.3.5.2
The largest outbreak to date was the epidemic in West Africa, which
occurred from December 2013 to January 2016 with 28,616 cases and 11,310 deaths.
The aim of this work was to assess by a systematic literature review the impact of
surveillance in health systems of Guinea, Liberia, Sierra Leone and Nigeria in
combating Ebola Virus Disease outbreaks. Specific objectives include identifying the
strength of their surveillance systems and exploring the impacts of surveillance on the
containment of Ebola virus disease in the region. The PRISMA procedure was used in
carrying out the study. The SPIDER tool was chosen and modified to establish the
research question. Five databases were searched in this study viz., the Cochrane librarycentral, Medline, Google Scholar, PsycINFO and a grey literature called Open grey.
Studies were critically analyzed and assessed using the Crowe critical appraisal Tool
(CCAT). The search strategy generated a total of 30 articles, out of which 6 articles (5
studies and 1 report) were selected for data extraction. The need for professionalism and
competence cannot be overemphasized in the healthcare and surveillance systems of
West African countries, especially the ones under study.
ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Contribution of Other Parameters to Malignancy Risk Index for Differentiation of Benign or Malignity in Adnexal Masses
Gülden AYNACI, Ahmet Tolgay Akinci, Vedat Ugurel, Petek Balkanli, Koray Elter
Page no 450-458 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i05.010
Ovarian cancer is one of the most important causes of pelvic masses and is the fifth leading cause of cancer related mortality. As in all cancers, method of early diagnosis for ovarian cancer should be easily applicable, economically, has high safety and specificity. Our study included 155 cases that were operated due to adnexial masses at Obstetrics and Gynaecology Clinic of Trakya University. Inclusion criteria for the study were decision of surgery due to an adnexal mass and presence of preoperative evaluation for parameters examined in this study such as age, serum CA125 value, Ultrasound score, menopausal score and thrombocyte count. Risk of Malignancy Index was calculated. Localization and amount of vascular flows in adnexial masses were evaluated using Color Doppler USG. Ages of the cases ranged between 17-75 years. Histopathologically 122 benign, 6 borderline, 27 malignant masses were detected. As surgical approach to malignant tumours is similar to borderline tumours, they were assessed within malignant tumour group. Malignancy was suspected in 27 of 155 cases which were evaluated with RMI. Malignancy was suspected in 33 patients evaluated with CDUS and malignancy was suspected in 26 cases evaluated with thrombocyte count. Evaluation of RMI according to histopathological results revealed that there was no difference between the two assessment methods. Specificity of the RMI evaluation was 98.4% and its sensitivity was 75.8%. Thrombocyte count demonstrated malignancy in 16.8% of the cases. Evaluation of CDUS findings revealed that 122 cases diagnosed as malignant in pathology were also diagnosed as malignant in CDUS and the other cases were detected to be benign with Doppler. CA125 values were below 35 U/mL in 86.8% of the cases with benign adnexal masses and above 35 U/mL in 72.7% of the malignant cases. Better preoperative benign-malignant differentiation will enable performance of optimal surgery in experienced centres. RMI which can be used for early detection and differentiation of malignancy has opened the way for objective evaluation of adnexal masses.With use of parameters such as CDUS, thrombocyte count, and age together with RMI benign-malignant differentiation of adnexal masses can be made more effectively.
REVIEW ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Application of Cohesion and Coherence in Teaching College Students’ English Writing
Tian Dong, Ting Gao
Page no 682-686 |
10.21276/sjhss.2018.3.5.15
The traditional English teaching focuses on the grammar and sentence
structure but ignores the relationship between the sentences and paragraphs thus
causing students’ lack of awareness of using cohesive devices. This study aims to
illustrate the cohesion and coherence problems in college students’ writing. As one of
the four basic language skills, English writing skill is the most indispensable but
complicated one for English learners to master. According to College English
Curriculum Requirement and under the theoretical framework of Halliday and Hasan’s
Cohesion Theory, this study finds out the misuse of reference, substitution, ellipsis,
conjunction and lexical cohesion in students’ English writing. By illustrating the
examples of the discourse errors in students’ English compositions, this study tries to
put forward some suggestions to ameliorate traditional English teaching and improve
students’ writing skill.
REVIEW ARTICLE | May 30, 2018
Review of Organic Pollutants in Wastewater along the Course of River Gwagwarwa and River Rafin Malam in Kano State – Nigeria
Ambrose E. Ekevwe, Aloba Isaac, Grace Bartholomew, Augustina O. Aroh
Page no 436-439 |
10.36348/sb.2018.v04i05.008
Water samples of River Gwagwarwa and River Rafin Malam were subjected to liquid-liquid extraction and analyzed for organic pollutants. The organic parameters were determined using the standard methods of America Public health Agency (APHA) and was extracted and analyzed using Gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS). Ten different organic compounds were detected at different percentage values at River Gwagwarwa while only seven different compounds were detected in River Rafin Malam. The compounds fall within five classes of organic compounds, which include carboxylic acid, acid chloride, ester, aldehyde and acid anhydride. The distribution pattern of the organic pollutants at the two sampling stations depict the pattern; River Gwagwarwa > River Rafin Malam. The study shows that organochlorine was the predominant organic pollutant present in River Gwagwarwa sample which is a hazardous pollutant while River Rafin Malam has no toxic pollutant which is attributed to lack of activity of the River.