Xanthogranulomatous gastritis is an extremely rare condition and only few cases have been reported in literature. It is an inflammatory tumor like lesion usually misdiagnosed preoperatively as an advanced gastric cancer. We report one such rare case in a 68 year old female who came with complaint of epigastric pain and vomiting for 15 days. Endoscopy revealed solitary elevated nodule in the gastric lesser curvature. Clinical diagnosis was suspicious of gastric carcinoma. Histopathologically foamy histiocytes with dense chronic inflammatory infiltrate were seen in gastric wall suggestive of xanthogranulomatous gastritis

This research is purposed to find out the influence of job satisfaction, employee engagement and organizational citizenship behaviour and its impact on turnover intention. Type of quantitative research with survey method. The population of all employees of PT. Iwaindo Internasional is 100 employees, non-probability sampling technique with a Saturated sample. The data analysis technique used is Multiple Regression. The results showed that job satisfaction had the significant effect on turnover intention, employee engagement had the significant effect on turnover intention, and organizational citizenship behaviour significantly influenced turnover intention. The simultaneous test (F test) shows job satisfaction, employee engagement, and organizational citizenship behaviour together have significant effect on turnover intention at PT. Iwaindo Internasional.

As a remarkable Victorian novelist, Charlotte Bronte wrote four impressive novels including Jane Eyre and The Professor. Jane Eyre proves to be a typical Victorian book, fascinating and enduring, whereas The Professor, the first complete novel that Charlotte Bronte wrote has always been considered as minor and illconceived. Despite the totally different judgments of the two novels, there exists many similarities between Jane Eyre and The Professor. This paper aims at helping readers have a better understanding of The Professor by comparing with Jane Eyre from two aspects: genre and theme, and try to find out the similarities of Jane Eyre and The Professor, thus we can have a further understanding of Charlotte Bronte.

This paper takes Wal-mart which is the leader of Fortune Global 500 as an example, analyzing its product, place, price and promotion, pointing out a series of marketing problems War-mart has faced within the Chinese market and offering some solutions. The marketing strategies of War-mart both in China and overseas have provided significant references to Chinese retailing companies. Chinese retailing companies should learn War-mart’s successful experience during its localization in China and avoid similar mistakes, and then convert what they have learned into their own strengths and advantages.

Torus is a ridge of bone or muscle that are usually asymptomatic unless ulcerated but may sometimes affect speech and tongue movement, Torus palatinus and torus mandibularis are the most common tori in the oral cavity. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of torus palatinus and torus mandibularis among 5-15-year-old schoolchildren. A descriptive cross sectional school based study among 894 children selected by systematic random sampling from 10 basic schools in Khartoum locality. Children were examined by mouth mirror at schools in an upright chair, where presence, size, site of tori in the mandible and maxilla were recorded in check list. Comparison between variables using chi square test with the level of significance set at value <0.05. The prevalence of tori was 25% with the highest occurrence being the palatal 23.7% and mandibular 5.7%, females count was more predominant compared to males 63%, 37% respectively. There was a significance correlation between the age of the children and presence of tori, Also between the presence of mandibular and palatal tori and occurrence of bilateral tori p<0.05. The prevalence of tori was high among basic schoolchildren in Khartoum locality, females were more affected with age 12-15 being the most and the most common site was palatal

Thrombocytopenia is a group of heterogeneous disorders of varying etiology and involving deficiency of platelets. Platelet volume parameters are significant especially in the diagnosis of causes of thrombocytopenia. The platelet volume parameters have been widely available as part of full blood count profile on automated hematology analyzers. To evaluate the relationship between platelet volume parameters and causative process in thrombocytopenia Methods: PLCR of 500 cases of thrombocytopenia (TCP) and 300 control cases having normal platelet counts were recorded. The analysis was done by Sysmex KX 21 cell counter and every case was reassessed by Peripheral Smear (P.S.) examination and if necessary also by the manual method. Only those cases that had sufficient clinico-hematological work up were included in the study. Results: Cases were grouped according to the most predominant mechanism of Group A-Accelerated platelet destruction, Group B-Impaired platelet production, and Group C-Abnormal platelet pooling. The age range was from 1 day to 90 years. The commonest age group for thrombocytopenia was between 21-30 years accounting for 88(18%) cases. 75(15%) cases belonged to both 31-40 and 41-50 age groups. The mean platelet large cell ratio P-LCR % was 22.64 ± 7.13 and in Group A it was 31.68 ± 8.36 and in Group B was 19.50 ± 5.51 and Group C was 31.48 ± 9.09. The Z test was performed between A, B and C Group with the control group of all the parameters of the platelet count. The P-LCR of accelerated destruction Group A, B, C and Vs Control were all significant values <0.05. Conclusion: Platelet Large cell ratio and the Platelet distribution width showed a direct linear relationship in all groups of Thrombocytopenia as well as the control group. Decreased production of platelets in cases of thrombocytopenia can be differentiated from other two groups of thrombocytopenia with the help of all the three parameters MPV, PDW and P-LCR as the differences are statistically significant.

In the work, modeling of the forming process for aluminum detail was carried out. As a detail, "Pen" is chosen for which the material AK6M2 is determined, taking into account its physico-chemical properties. In the beginning, a 3D detail model is constructed, using the SolidWorks program. Then in the program Nova Flow, entire process of filling the mold in real time, rate of filling the mold cavity with metal, hardening time of the casting was determined. The temperature change dynamics of the casting after filling the mold is investigated. Possible nodes are susceptible to formation of shrinkage shells.

Lower extremity amputation is performed to remove ischemic, infected, necrotic tissue or locally unresectable tumor, and at times, is a life-saving procedure. Peripheral artery disease, alone or in combination with diabetes mellitus, contributes more than half of all amputations; trauma is the second leading cause. Lower extremity amputations are common debilitating complications in patients with diabetes mellitus. Our aim was to analyse the various causes for lower extremity amputations, assess the complications and amputation rates in patients with diabetes mellitus and to identify risk groups for lower extremity amputations that can be focussed for preventive treatment at Vydehi Institute of Medical Sciences and research centre, Bangalore. This retrospective audit was conducted jointly in the Dept of General Surgery & Dept of Medicine, VIMS&RC, a super speciality teaching hospital in south India, between Jan 2011 and Dec 2014. Case files of patients who underwent lower extremity amputations were retrieved from the institution medical records section and data analysed for demography, clinical presentation of diabetics, other causes for amputation such as vascular disorders, kidney disorders, malignancy and diabetic ulcer/ infections of the foot, and post-operative morbidity and mortality. 137 patients were amputated, of which 120(87.59%) males and 17(12.40%) females (table-1, fig-1). 82(59.85%) patients were diabetic and 55(40.14%) non diabetic patients which included twenty three peripheral vascular disease (16.78%), osteosarcoma 16(11.67%), crush injuries 9(6.56%) and elephantiasis 3(2.18%) (fig-3). Of the 82 diabetics males were 65(79.26%) and females 17(20.73%) (Table-2). Foot infections and chronic renal disease preceded amputation in patients with diabetes. Diabetic women were older than the men when amputated, diabetic men underwent multiple amputations both minor and major, had severe foot infections compared to the women. 90 % of all diabetes-related amputations were preceded by foot ulcers leading to ischaemic gangrene. Various interventions the patient underwent ranged from wound debridement to revision amputation ( table-3,fig-4)The number of diabetics attending the diabetic foot clinic increased over the years showing the impact of awareness programmers and counselling about the disease (fig-2).The complications of diabetic foot infections ranged from cellulitis to gangrene (table-4,fig-5) There was 50% reduction in the rate of amputations performed above the ankle in patients with diabetes during the year 2014( table-6)) as most of them were referred to the multidisciplinary foot team in our diabetic clinic prior to the decision of amputation. There was no mortality in the study. The gradual decrease in rate of major amputations is due to an active implementation of the consensus guidelines of foot care in the diabetic clinic and awareness of the patients to get themselves examined and treated for foot problems early. Diabetic foot complications and diabetic nephropathy when identified early in diabetics can prevent major lower extremity amputations.

Cancer not only affects the physical body of the individual, but also the mind. Psychological Adjustment could be named as psychosocial adaptation and it is an ongoing process. The survivor who has optimum psychological adjustment manages his or her distress and problems well which helps them to manage the life events. It is a continuing process accompanied by multiple coping strategies. How the individual is trying to use the resources such as resiliency, support from the significant members in life, intra and inter personal relationships makes a lot of difference in how they cope. This research is an attempt to know those factors which helps the survivors to cope better in their life.

Breast feeding with timely started complementary feeding is the best way of infant feeding. It is necessary for infant’s overall development, better growth, fulfilling nutritional requirement and it is most vital for reducing infant mortality. Objective of our study was to assess the knowledge, attitude and practice of complementary feeding among mothers in a tertiary Care Centre of Central India. A cross sectional study was done about knowledge of mothers with children below 2 year of age with help of pretested self-designed questionnaire based interview who are attending paediatrics OPD and IPD. In our study most of mothers did not know correct time of starting complementary feeding, they also did not know what food can be given, frequency and amount of complementary feed. In our study knowledge, attitude as well as practise towards complementary feeding was lacking hence health education to mother and family members required about correct feeding in early years of life.

Traditional plant treatment for diabetes has produced a rising interest now a day. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to determine the hypoglycemic effect and hypolipidemic properties of the methanolic extract of Hoya parasitica Variegata (Apocynaceae) and ethanolic extract of Crotalaria pallida Aiton (Fabaceae) in alloxan induced diabetic rats. In this study diabetes was induced in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 100 mg/kg of alloxan. Animals were only treated for one week with both the plant extracts at doses of 300 and 600 mg/kg. Metformin (100 mg/kg) was used as standard for comparison. The antidiabetic effect was examined by measuring blood glucose (BG) level at 0, 3, 5 and 7 days after alloxan treatment. Blood samples were collected after 8 days treatment and analyzed for triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TC), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) at sacrifice. Both the plants H. parasitica and C. pallida at 300 mg/kg and 600 mg/kg showed significant (p<0.05) hypoglycemic effect compared to control and untreated diabetic control rats. Alloxan induced diabetic rats showed moderate to significant increases in the levels of BG, TG, TC, LDL-C while body weight, HDL-C and relative weights of liver and pancreas were decreased to controls (non diabetic rats). Administration of both the plant extracts to alloxan induced diabetic rats resulted in significant decrease in BG, TG, TC and LDL-C and the dose 600 mg/kg of both plant extracts were the most effective. HDL-C levels for both plants were markedly increased after treatment compare to untreated diabetic rats. Results of the treatment study showed that both H. parasitica and C. pallida extracts causes antidiabetogenic properties and beneficial effects on diabetic hyperlipidemia.

The main aim and objective of the present research work was the preliminary phytochemical screening and evaluation of in vivo anti tumour activity of mthanolic and ethyl acetoacetate extracts of fruit of Punica granatum (ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG). Acute oral toxicity of ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG were performed according to the OECD guideline 423 method. The experimental results of acute oral toxicity studies revealed that all the extracts proved to be non toxic at tested dose levels and well tolerated by the experimental animals as there LD50 cut of values > 2000 mg/kg b. w. The in vivo antitumor activity of ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG was carried out against human colon cancer cell line HT 29. The present in vivo experimental data displayed that both ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG significantly increased the PILS. While 5-FU increased the life span of 85%, ME-FPG increased it by 75% and 67.5% by EAAE-FPG respectively ME-FPG. So ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG at dose 300 mg/kg significantly improved the overall survival of treated animals in comparison to tumour control group and 5-FU was not significantly differed from each other in improving the overall survival of animals. Histopathological study displayed a greater degree of tumour apoptosis and necrosis in the ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG treated group than in the control group. In addition, PCNA showed that administration of ME-FPG and EAAE-FPG decreased the proliferation of tumour tissues. Proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) is a DNA clamp that acts as a processivity factor for DNA polymerase δ in eukaryotic cells and is essential for replication

Atorvastatin is lipid lowering drug use in different cases to prevent complications of hyperlipidemia by lowering lipid mainly affect cholesterol, but it also affect in concentration of other serum parameters such as uric acid and creatinine. Case-control study was conducted during the period between Marchs to May 2017, included 100 participants 60% cases and 40% control with age between (20-70) years. Case group included 62% female and 38% male, used different doses (10, 20 and 40 mg/day) and different durations using for variable conditions such as (DM, HTN or protection for risk of CVD). Control group was matched for cases group but not used any lipid lowering drugs. The result of this study showed that significant association between atorvastatin uses and decrease in UA, Cr, T.Chl and LDL (P-value: 0.000, 0.020, 0.015 & 0.018 respectively). Decrease in all parameters by increase dose but not significant only significant with dose 40 mg/day (p-value: 0.037, 0.044, 0.044 & 0.005 respectively). Decrease in Cr, TCh and LDL by increasing the durational of atorvastatin intake and concentration (P= 0.042, 0.001 & 0.000 respectively). Significant relation was detected between combination DM & HTN and increase UA (4.55±0.87) & Cr (0.69±0.16) (P-value: 0.032 & 0.015 respectively) no significant relation with T.Chl and LDL (P-value: 0.636 & 0.594 respectively). Significant decrease in UA, Cr, T .Cho & LDL mean concentration found among atorvastatin user and the dose 40mg/day is highly significant effect. No correlation between durational of atorvastatin used and the parameter concentration. A more research should be done to detect specific correlation between atorvastatin and this parameters.

This study comparatively evaluated the in vitro antioxidant activity and the hepato-protective effect of extracts of two locally consumed fruits, Dacryodes edulis (African pear) and Tetracarpidium conophorum (African walnut) in sodium arsenate exposed rats. Antioxidant activity was determined by spectrophotometric methods using 2, 2-diphenyl-2- picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and malondialdehyde (MDA) assays. Total phenol, flavonoids and anthocyanins content of extracts were also determined. Results from the study indicated that DPPH and H2O2 scavenging capacity as well as percentage inhibition of MDA were significantly higher (P˂0.05) in extract of T. conophorum (48.34%, 46.9% and 53.5%, respectively) when compared with D. edulis extract (45.47%, 18.1% and 45.3%, respectively). The anthocyanins content was significantly higher (P˂0.05) in D. edulis extract than in T. conophorum. Whereas, T. conophorum extract recorded higher phenol content (52.3GAE/100g) compared with D. edulis extract (22.5GEA/100g). The flavonoids content of T. conophorum extract was comparable to that of D. edulis. The hepato-protective effects of the extracts were examined in vivo in male Wister rats challenged with sodium arsenate. Results showed that the rats fed with the two extracts had significant reduction (p<0.05) in lipid peroxidation, increase in SOD and catalase activities relative to control values. These results suggest that rat fed with Dacryodes edulis and Tetracarpidium conophorum extracts possess varied degree of potent antioxidant activity and may serve as important sources of antioxidants in food, cosmetics and pharmaceutical industries.

The aim of this study was to investigate the physicochemical properties of Cajanus cajan cultivated in Côte d’Ivoire. Some anti-nutritional factors (trypsin activity) and α-amylase of Bacillus subtillus digestibility were evaluated for the seeds flours. The proximate composition revealed that pigeon pea had highest moisture (12.40 %), dry matter (87.60 %), ash (4.50 %), crude starch (39%), crude cellulous (11.9%) and crude protein (25.60%) respectively. While, carbohydrate and fat contents was found in values of 56.10 ± 0,1% and 1.8 ± 0.1 %, respectively. Cajanus cajan seed also contains several minerals. The appreciable value of potassium was 1.8mg/kg, while the levels of phosphor and sodium in the legumes seeds tested were found to be 0. 6± 0. 0 and 0.03±0,02 mg/kg respectively with a total energy value average 2818 ± 3 kcal per 100 g of flour. Anti-nutritional factor such as trypsin activity was found to decrease significantly in the whole seed at 55%. A significant improvement was observed in vitro digestibility of starch provide from whole seeds. Digestibility with alpha amylase represents 82% for whole flour and 88 % for flour made with seeds without film. Thus, the study indicated that pigeon pea flours would have great potential in various food applications. Therefore, the judicious use of seeds could be a source of additional nutrients in the diet of vulnerable population.