Educational systems all over the world have acceptable and justifiable best practices necessary for impartation of knowledge, skills, attitudes, values and modes of thinking to learners by teachers and those who occupy similar positions in society. But it is evident that there are also some objectionable methods employed in the classroom, and similar places, among them are drilling, conditioning, indoctrination, instruction, and so on. This paper casts a critical look at indoctrination: its sources, the necessary conditions for a person to be indoctrinated, and an assessment of indoctrination vis-à- vis education. The paper finally examined the implications of indoctrination for education in Nigeria, and made recommendations to ameliorate perceived deteriorating trend in the system.

Normal-Phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography method was developed for determination of Rapamycin, Temsirolimus Regio isomer (monoester) and Temsirolimus diester in Temsirolimus drug and pharmaceutical formulations. The separation was accomplished on YMC Pack SIL (250 x 4.6 mm, particle size 5μm) column under isocratic mode. The column oven temperature was set at 35° C and Auto sampler temperature used at 5°C. The mobile phase is a mixer of n-hexane, ethanol and trifluoroacetic acid in the ratio of 90:10:0.01 and PDA detector set at 280 nm used for detection. The retention times of Rapamycin, Temsirolimus peak, Temsirolimus monoester and Temsirolimus diester peaks are 12.29, 21.24, 33.11 and 51.91 min. respectively. The method has been fully validated and is linear. Results of analysis are validated statistically and by recovery studies. During the process development of Temsirolimus, three process impurities (Rapamycin. Temsirolimus monoester and Temsirolimus diester) are detected by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). This method offers advantages over using photodiode-array UV detection (LC-PDA) for the determination of peak purity, namely components with similar UV spectra can be distinguished, the molecular mass of the impurity can be determined, and structural data can be obtained by using LC-MS. The result of studies shows that the proposed normal phase-HPLC method is found to be precise, linear, accurate, rugged, selective, specific, and robust. Hence this method may be used for the routine analysis in bulk drug and in its pharmaceutical dosage forms.

This paper takes „postgraduate degree authorization evaluation of China University of Geosciences (Beijing) in 2016-2017‟ as an example to analyze the evaluation index system, evaluation process and existing problems of degree authorization institutions in China, and finally proposes corresponding policy recommendations for improvement, in order to provide reference for the qualification evaluation of postgraduate degree authorization units and the construction of students‟ training quality supervision system.

A simple, precise, and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) method for the determination of fluoxetine level in human plasma using clomipramine as an internal standard (IS) was developed and validated. Plasma samples containing fluoxetine were spiked with the IS and extracted with hexane and iso-amyl alcohol (98:2,v:v) under alkaline condition. Extracted samples were kept at –80ºC for 10 minute then organic layers were transferred to clean tubes and dried under gentle steam of nitrogen at 40 °C. Residues were reconstituted in 200 µl of 0.05% phosphoric acid and 10 µl were injected in to the UPLC system. The compounds of interest were efficiently separated on 2.1 x 100 mm, Acuity UPLC, C18, steel column (at 30°C) and detected with a photodiode array detector set at 230 nm. The mobile phase consisted of water (pH= 2.4, adjusted with phosphoric acid) and acetonitrile (68:32, v:v) and was delivered at a flow rate of 0.3 ml/minute. No interference in blank plasma or by norfluoxetine or commonly used drugs was observed, and the detection limit of fluoxetine was 0.005 µg/ml. The relationship between fluoxetine concentration in plasma and peak height ratio of fluoxetine /IS was linear (R2 ≥ 0.985) in the range of 0.01 –1 µg/ml. Inter-day coefficient of variation and bias ≤ 13.0%, and < 9.4, respectively. Extraction recovery of fluoxetine and IS from plasma samples was ≥ 87%. Using the method, fluoxetine was found to be ≥ 85% and ≥ 89% stable in processed (24 hours at room temperature or 48 hours at -20 °C) and unprocessed (24 hours at room temperature or 23 weeks at -20 °C) samples, respectively.

The study aimed to identify the impact of the Know, Want to know and Learn (KWL) strategy on the acquisition of scientific concepts in science among the third grade students in the directorate of education of Irbid. The semi-experimental method was adopted and the study sample consisted of (60) male and female students from the third grade from Irbid's schools; they were distributed into two groups: control group consisting of (15) male students and (15) female students and experimental group consisting of 15 male students and 15 female students. The results showed statistically significant differences for the variable of the group in the post-test in favor of the experimental group, whose members were taught through using the (K.W.L), statistically significant differences for the variable of gender in favor of the females and no statistically significant differences in the post-test. The researcher recommended adopting a teaching method through using the cognitive maps in teaching science due to their impact on acquiring the scientific concepts.

The volatile compound composition of food provides an indication of the benefits that this food can provide to the consumer. Thus the present study aimed at identifying the bioactive compounds present in formulated fermented diet made from 20% red kidney bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), 60% mung bean (Vigna radiate), 10% irish potato (Solanum tuberosum), and 10% ripe fresh papaya (Carica papaya) fruits inoculated with different concentrations of Lactococcus lactis sp. (Lc. lactis sp.) strain using the Gas Chromatography- Mass Spectrophotometer (GC-MS). The formulated diet consisted the control diet containing no lactic bacteria, diet 1 (1 × 106 CFU/ml), and diet 2 (2 × 106 CFU/ml). The results of the GC-MS revealed the presence of twenty volatile compounds in each diet. Five compounds namely Benzyl Alcohol; 2-propyl-1-pentanol; 1,3-diethyl benzene; 1-Tridecyn-4-ol; Phthalic acid, and cyclobutyl isobutyl ester were identified in all diets. Three volatile compounds namely Benzyl alcohol, 2-propyl-1-pentanol, and 1,3-diethyl benzene were identified as the dominant compounds in control; whereas two (Phthalic acid, cyclobutyl isobutyl ester, (E)-9-Dodecenoic acid, methyl ester) and three more (9.12-Octadecadienoic acid, methyl ester; 9-Octadecenoic acid (Z) -, methyl ester, and Tetradecanoic acid, 10,13-dimethyl-, methyl ester) bioactive compounds were detected in diet 1 and diet 2 respectively. Benzyl alcohol was the principal dominant bioactive compound in all the diets. The present study indicates that inoculation and increasing in the concentration of lactic bacteria in diet led to the identification of 2 and 3 other major volatile compounds with biology activities which could be highly important in pharmacology and nutraceuticals.

Geography textbooks are an important tool for geography teachers to carry out classroom teaching. Full understanding of textbooks can help teachers flexibly choose the teaching contents and better achieve teaching goals. Taking the chapter of “Climate” as an example, this paper analyzed the textbook from four aspects: internal and external relations of knowledge structure system, requirements for curriculum standards and teaching goals, the key and difficult points and teaching hours assignment, picture and text structure of the textbook. The article also puts forward three suggestions: (1) Junior middle school geography teaching should link to real life; (2) “Activities” in the textbook should be combined with the “Text”; (3) Summarize the knowledge points in the form of tables.

This study sought to investigate the challenges faced in mother tongue education in selected Primary schools in Nandi County, in the Republic of Kenya. Mother tongue education is usually taken as a basic human right, but despite the importance of this education myriad of problems bedevil its execution. Challenges in mother tongue education have not only been reported in many fora in Nandi County but also elsewhere in Kenya; however, no systematic study has been carried out to document these challenges, their nature and their causes. The main objective of the study was to find out the challenges of mother tongue education in Nandi County and the possible solutions to these challenges. The study adopted a case study design against a backdrop of mother tongue theory by Butzkamm (2000) which advances the argument that mother tongue education forms the basis of a child‟s acquisition of knowledge, additional languages and self-expression. This theory is built on the foundations of arguments raised by Tangas and Toukomaa(1976) claiming that a certain threshold of first language competence is needed for second language learning. A stratified random sample of 20 Head teachers, 20 lower Primary SchoolTeachers, and 5 education officials was drawn from selected schools in Chesumei sub-County in Nandi County. The main instruments of data collection were structured and semi-structured questionnaires. Data was organized and analyzed using descriptive statistics. The study identified three major challenges facing the implementation of mother tongue education in Nandi County namely: attitude of education stakeholders; teacher related factors and lack of instructional materials. The results of this study are expected to benefit scholars in applied linguistics, ministry of education and policy makers in education.

Education is a key component of a country’s developmental process. Inclusive education is a kind of education wherein all students including special needs (SN) learners attend and are welcomed by their neighborhood schools in age– appropriate regular classes and are supported to learn to contribute and participate in all aspects of life at school. Neighborhood public schools being at the heart of our communities are essential for quality inclusive education system. Special Needs learners who can benefit from public schools should not be denied the chance to access education nor be taken to special schools. However, inclusive education has been experiencing challenges which may undermine the program’s objectives if not well addressed. The extent to which these challenges could be impacting negatively on inclusive education policy in Kitale Township is however not clear. This is the gap to be filled. The Social Learning Theory guided the study. The study adopted descriptive research design. Questionnaires, interview schedules, and observation checklists were employed in data collection. The target population was 36 head teachers in the public primary schools in the township and 50 SN teachers. The sample size was 76 respondents selected using purposive and simple random sampling. Validity of data collection tools was determined through pilot study and assistance from supervisors. Reliability was tested using the test - retest method and the obtained value was .92. Hypotheses were tested using regression analysis at .05 level of significance. The study found that curriculum factors, teacher attitude, and social interaction had a significant influence on effective implementation of inclusive education policy. The study, therefore recommends more teachers to be employed to handle the large classes, the TSC to consider teachers handling SN learners in inclusive settings for special duty allowances being given to their counterparts in special schools and the curriculum to be evaluated to enhance effective implementation of inclusive education. In addition, review should be done on the part of funding to enable the acquisition of physical facilities and learning materials in public primary schools. Finally, parents, local communities and other education stakeholders should be educated on their roles in the implementation of inclusive education.

In reference to theNational Standards of Teaching Quality for Undergraduate Business English Majorsissued by the Chinese Ministry of Education, this article holds that the publishing of Business English Reading textbooks should emphasize the following five aspects: 1) reflecting the requirements for talent cultivation in theNational Standards; 2) compiling textbooksbased on the principleof "theme plus interaction"; 3) giving consideration to the "integration of course and certificates"; (4) building multi-modal and three-dimensional teaching materials; and 5) enhancing cooperation of publishers, schools and industries. This research result can also give reference to the publishing of other teaching materials.

This study was conducted to: 1) Conduct a feasibility test for developingaccounting learning through media and accounting teaching materials. 2) Implement or implement a model in accounting learning in class. 3) Evaluate accounting learning as a student performance measurement tool. This study uses "Research and development methods or R&D cycles, which are carried out in two years. Qualitative data methods use descriptive analysis. Based on observation results indicate that student-learning activities tend to only listen to lecturers' explanations, record and work on problems. For that diverse and innovative learning activities are needed. For this purpose, instructional materials and learning media are designed through 1) expert review 2) small group trials and 3) Field trials using experiment methods through initial test and final test. And the results of trials from small groups and field tests, will be made improvements in the design of teaching materials and learning media. The instruments used in this study are questionnaires. The targeted results are the implementation of accounting learning models with ADDIE models, with teaching materials, and learning media interesting and interactive accounting if to improve the quality of accounting learning. Therefore, the need for innovation in learning accounting through the ADDIE model to assist lecturers, in creating effective, efficient, and attractive learning programs so that the results of introductory learning accounting can be achieved.

One of the objectives of the preparation of the Tax report is to provide information to parties who need it that will be used to make comparisons, assess the ability of a company, and as a guide for decision-making. In order to fulfill the above objectives, financial reports must be comparable. These comparisons can be done in two ways, namely horizontal and vertical. Horizontal comparison is a comparison of a company's tax financial statements with other companies for the same period, which in its concept can easily be used, in which the preparation uses existing software. This study aims to develop a tax accounting learning model using the Computer Tax program as a teaching material in lecture materials in universities. The specific target to be achieved in this study is to issue teaching materials in the form of financial accounting books compiled with the Computer Taxation program. To achieve these objectives, this study uses descriptive analysis to identify the problems that exist in financial accounting learning in universities in the city of Medan. That has been running all this time. These problems include not understanding students in using Tax computer programs that have been issued for a long time, and not motivated to study the program because of lack of guidance in carrying out the practice. To find the factors that become obstacles in understanding the use of the program. With the identification of these factors, then a teaching material can be arranged to motivate students to want to like the teaching material and the goal of educating the nation can be achieved.

In the recent days Internet has become an essential part of life. It has revolutionized communications, to the extent that it is now our preferred medium of everyday communication. In almost everything we do, we use the Internet. Chronic usage of internet affecting physical health conditions like weight gain etc., and this is causing the greatest problems among the young individuals. The main purpose of this study is to study the relationship between internet usage frequency in the University students on our GITAM University students with their BMI. The present study consists 100 Medicine students which were differentiated as males and females (43 Males and 50 Female students). Some of the students who are not responding for all the questionnaires are excluded (07 Students). Different questions were asked to the students in the class environment. A significant association was found between BMI and the intense internet usages (>5-7hrs/daily), with F value 3.55 and p value <0.05. Out of 93 students, 15 students with high internet usage (>5-7hrs) and 31 students with moderate internet usage (3-5hrs) showed positive correlation between increased internet use and obesity.

Nurses are present at both the beginning and the end of life, and play a key role in caring for dying patients. It clearly indicates that role of nurses can never be ignored when we are talking of end of life care or palliative care. Palliative care is defined by literature as care that improves the quality of living in individuals who are facing life threatening problems and illness to prevent and treat them through early identification of pain and other physical and psychosocial problems. The main purpose of this study was, to assess palliative care knowledge and attitude among nurses of Mayo Hospital Lahore. A cross sectional descriptive survey was performed to assess the knowledge and attitude level. A simple random sample of n=150 was used. A structured questionnaire with demographic data, knowledge and attitude of palliative care was applied. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 21. 36% of the study participants had poor knowledge, 49.33% of the study participants had average knowledge and very less number of participants that is only 14.7% of the study participants had good knowledge of palliative care. Findings reveals that 33.33% of the study participants had negative attitude towards care of end of life among terminally ill patients, while 66.7% had positive attitude towards end of life care. Knowledge was poor among majority of the participants but attitude was found positive among them

Abstract: The prime aim of the investigation was to compare Mental Toughness of Physical Education Teacher Trainees and Assam Police Trainees (AP). To obtain the data researchers selected total sixty four (64) subjects ,thirty two (n1=32) male Physical education Teacher trainees from Centre for Studies in Physical Education and sports, Dibrugarh University and thirty two (n2=32) male Assam Police trainees from 2nd Assam Police Battalion Camp, Makum, Tinsukia, Assam, India between the 19-22 years age. The study was delimited to assessment of Mental Toughness by using questionnaire mental toughness by Dr. Alan Goldberg (1998). The Independent t-test was applied to assess the differences between the groups. The level of significance was set at 0.05 of confidence. Results revealed statistically significant differences between the two groups of overall mental toughness (t0.05 (62) = 7.55 > 1.67) and also significant difference was found sub-variable i.e. Motivation (6.26>1.67), ability to handle the pressure (33>1.67), concentration (8.44>1.67), confidence (8.05>1.67) and Rebound ability (3.28>1.67).