The healthcare service area while providing services, curative, primitive or preventive inevitably create waste which itself may be harmful to health. It carries a higher latent for infection and injury than any other type of waste. Inadequate and inappropriate knowledge of handling of healthcare waste may have serious health penalties and a significant impact on the environment (Suwarna Madhukumar April 2012)... Insufficient and inappropriate knowledge of waste and handling of waste may have serious health complications. To determine awareness of infectious waste management among staff nurses and describes their level of knowledge, attitude and practice towards infectious waste management. A cross-sectional analytical study design was used to observe the knowledge, attitude and practice of staff nurses. A cross-sectional is that study that collects information from a population at specific time of period (Lisa B 2014). Data was collected from 50 nursing staff through convenient sampling techniques. Those who meet the inclusion criteria will be included in the study and those who don't meet the criteria were not being the part of the study. Data was analyzed through SPSS version 16. Results suggests that there was unsatisfactory knowledge among nursing staff of mayo hospital Lahore.50% of the study participants had knowledge about infectious waste management , other 50% had poor knowledge regarding waste management techniques and procedures. Red container is used for cytotoxic items. Out of 50, only twenty six (52%) study subjects answered full destruction of all cytotoxic substances require incineration at high temp up to 1200 degree centigrade.30%subjects did not comment. Participants had poor practice related to sharp items wasted only 19% participants knows yellow puncture proof container is used for sharp items. Forty two (84%) Nurses were aware about containers should be filled three quarters full and then disposed. Only 8%nurses knows Hepatitis B is greatest risk from infectious hazard.54%nurses assume that Hepatitis C is greatest risk. The attitude of the study subjects toward awareness of waste management, separation of infectious and noninfectious waste, proper disposal and implementation of rules was positive. According to my results nursing staff had poor knowledge so that their practice was also poor and unsatisfactory .they all need regular training and monitoring.

Implementation of totally implantable venous access devices (TIVADs) is associated with several complications that can be divided into early complications and late complications. The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the different complications related to TIVADs in a single center in Morocco. Our study is based on a prospective analysis, which took place over a period between September 2015 and March 2016 in oncology department of the Avicenne military hospital in Marrakech, in collaboration with thoracic surgery department and vascular surgery department. 36 patients benefited from the placement of TIVADs, with 18 men and 18 women, with a mean age of 55.5 years (from 22 to 71 years). The type of anesthesia was local anesthesia (LA) in 97% of cases with 3% of cases requiring a slight associated sedation. The preferred route was a percutaneous approach. The surgical approach by surgical dissection of the cephalic vein was used only in 2 patients, in 6% of cases after failure of the percutaneous route. The most used vein in our series was the right subclavian vein (RSCV) in 69% of cases, followed by the left internal jugular vein (LIJV) which presents 14% of patients. All patients received a control x-ray after procedure. 50% of the indications were for breast cancers and digestive cancers. Intervention was difficult in 11% of cases. In our series 3 patients who presented complications: 1 case of pneumothorax (3%), 1 case of thrombophlebitis (3%) and 1 case of costo-clavicular clamp syndrome (3%). Elimination of risk factors such as the choice of a technique, the handling of CCI, the use of echo-guidance, aseptic measures can reduce certain complications and their early and adequate management.

This research aimed to investigate students’ Physics achievement through implementing STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) derived from cooperative learning with animation as media. The population of the research was grade XII students of senior high school MAS TPI Rambung Sialang, North Sumatera Indonesia, then two classes were chosen as sample of the research in which there were 30 students for each of class. To meet the objectives of the research, quantitative research method with experimental research design was conducted, then, the instrument of the research was comprehensive multiple choice with 20 questions formulated. Through Lilefors test with L0< L = 0.1384 < 0.1610, it showed that all the data were distributed normally, then, all the data were distributed homogenously as well with Fobserved<Ftable(1.191< 1,858). Morever, based on data analysis it was found that the average score of experimental class I taught by implementing STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) with animation as media was higher with ̅ = 14.9 than experimental class II taught by conventional model with ̅ = 12.5. Furthermore ttest was used to analyzed the data found with tobserved> ttable (2.654>1.671) that showed that there was a significant effect on students’ Physics achievement taught by implementing STAD (Student Teams Achievement Division) with animation. Based on data analysis, it could be inferred that students defintely enjoy studying in group discussion that was organized by the teacher in which the members of group consisted of student with different intelligence level so that there would be an interaction among students accross capabilities level. The students with higher intelligence were expected to assist the students with lower intelligence, then students with higher intelligence that were recognized as an expert representative from each group would have a great an opportunity to share the discussion result with other groups. Besides, the use of animation as media brought up functionally and lively understandable objects, concepts, and formulas. Hence, all the abstract concepts seemed to be effortlessly more concrete for the students

The study undertaken the assessment of awareness and specific knowledge, perceived susceptibility, perceived seriousness of breast cancer and perceived benefits of screening for early detection and treatment of women in a differ community. The study also measured screening behavior among the participants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess and compare the knowledge and perception of Saudi Arabia and Sudanese people towards breast cancer prevention and early detection. In this comparative, cross sectional study, data about breast cancer were obtained from 1000 participants: 500 Saudi volunteers living in the city of Hail, Saudi Arabia and 500 Sudanese volunteers living in Khartoum city. The level of individual's knowledge about breast cancer was assessed, the majority of the study subjects were found with moderate knowledge followed by good, Excellent, poor and no knowledge representing 432(43.3%), 332(33.3%), 116(11.6%), 107(10.7%) and 10(1%), respectively. For Saudi, most of them were found with moderate knowledge followed by excellent, good, none and poor knowledge constituting 66(27.2%), 112(46.2%), 32(13.2%), 29(11.9%) and 3(1.2%), respectively. For Sudanese, most of them were found with moderate knowledge followed by Excellent, good, none and poor knowledge constituting 266(35.2%), 320(42.3%), 84(11.1%), 78(10.3%) and 7(0.9%), respectively. The overall knowledge of the studied population about breast cancer prevention and early detection was relatively low. More community based health education efforts are needed to reduce the burden of breast cancer in both nations.

In January 2008, the Kenya government declared Free Day Secondary Education (FDSE) in all public schools in the country as a fulfillment of Education for All (EFA) which is a global commitment and strategy to give children universal education. As a result key aspects of the Free Secondary Education on academic performance remain unknown. The study was to investigate school-community support and implementation of Free Day Secondary Education in Trans-Nzoia East sub-county, Kenya. The study answers the following questions; what is the role of principals in financial management and its influence implementation of FDSE. The study adopted Human Capital Theory based upon the work of Schultz (1971), Sakamota and Powers (1995). The study adopted the descriptive survey design and the population of the study comprised of 14 Day Schools that present candidates for Kenya Certificate of Secondary Education (KCSE) in Trans-Nzoia East Sub-County. The sample size consisted of Principals, Teachers and students of 14 day secondary schools drawn from the study population. Purposive sampling was used to select the principals and class Teachers, while stratified random sampling was used to select student respondents. The instruments for data collection were questionnaires, an interview schedule for SubCounty Director of Education and document analysis.

Cardiac tumors are massively uncommon disease, only seven instances of primary cardiac tumor ‎found between more than 12,000 dissections. Cardiac tumors are proliferated in the ‎heart or heart valves. Cardiac tumors may be primary (benign or malignant) or metastatic (secondary, malignant). Cardiac tumors may happen in any heart ‎tissue. ‎Primary tumorsstart ‎growing ‎ in the heart, other side the secondary tumors begin in another part of the body and ‎move to the heart (metastasize). Primary tumors influence just one out of ‎‎1,000 to 100,000 individuals. The most widely recognized sort of primary heart tumor is myxoma, the greater part of ‎these are benign‎. In most cases, the tumor develops in the left upper chamber of the heart (left ‎atrium) at the atrial septum, which isolates the two upper chambers of the heart. Successful ‎treatment for ‎benign cardiac‎ tumors is typically proficient by surgery. Primary ‎ ‎sarcomas of ‎the heart are to a great degree uncommon, while ‎secondary cardiac contribution ‎inferable from malignancy is ‎relatively common‎, particularly in the ‎setting of across the board ‎metastatic disease. ‎‎ Malignant ‎primary tumors incorporate pericardial mesothelioma, primary ‎lymphoma and sarcoma. Tumors ‎that metastasize to the heart from different organs happen ‎‎100-to 1000-cases more ‎commonly than ‎primary cardiac tumors. Metastatic spread to the ‎heart has been distinguished in ‎approximately ‎one-fifth of all patients who have metastatic ‎disease with lung carcinoma being ‎the most ‎common primary tumor.‎ Successful treatment for ‎primary malignant‎ tumors ‎ is normally ‎accomplished by ‎ Surgery, notwithstanding, ‎secondary tumors less effective as total resection ‎is ordinarily ‎not ‎possible. Primary cardiac ‎lymphoma might be effectively treated by ‎chemotherapy.

Recently, TVET has become a subject for discussion at summits, academic conferences and at policy circles in most developing countries including Kenya. TVET institutions facilitate the acquisition of the practical and applied skills as well as basic scientific knowledge. However, many research findings have revealed that TVET has been limited on practical skill acquisition in most countries. On the other hand, the partnership between TVET institutions and private sectors would greatly encourage and augment a partnership that will result to graduate employability and practical skill acquisition. Therefore, this study sought to establish the effect of PPP- TVET institutions collaboration on practical training. Multiple case-study design was adopted for the study. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were applied to select TVET and enterprise officials respectively. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. Data collected was analyzed using Multiple Attribute Utility Theory, (MAUT) and results presented in tabular and graphical forms. The findings indicate that the contribution of enterprise in establishment of workshops and laboratories, donation of equipment and equipment sharing was quite low (below 30%). However, the contribution of enterprise in industrial training and internship stood was excellent (100 %). Majority of the respondents believed that enterprise contribution is considerable only in the areas of industrial training and internships. Therefore, provision should be made to involve experts from local industries as guest faculty to conduct practical classes.

Indicators are used to determine the equivalence point in acid – base titrations (neutralization titrations). They show sharp color change with respect to change in pH. Popularly used indicators for neutralization titrations are synthetic chemicals. They are found to posses hazardous effects in human body. The highly colored pigments obtained from plants are found to exhibit color changes with variation in pH. A study was done to check the indicator action of aqueous extract of flower pigments and compared with that of already existing synthetic indicators. Extraction was done using hot water and a definite volume of extract was added which gave accurate and reliable results for different types of neutralization titrations - strong acid against strong base, strong acid against a weak base, weak acid against strong base and weak acid against weak base. The work proved to be acceptable in introducing flower pigments as a suitable substitute to the synthetic indicators.

This study aimed to examine the psychometric characteristics of the achievement motivation scale on a sample of the teachers of the Jordanian Ministry of Education in the Directorate of Education of Northwest Badia. The study sample consisted of 216 male and female teachers, who were randomly selected from different schools of the directorate; the achievement motivation scale used in this study consisted of three dimensions: ambition, perseverance, and the existence of an objective to be sought for. The results of the study showed that the achievement motivation scale used in this study had a reasonable degree of validity and reliability. The validity indicators were available through calculating the correlation coefficient between the scale and the criterion and it amounted to 0.57 that is statistically significant; they were also available through calculating the correlation of items with the total degree that it was acceptable and it ranged from (0.29 – 0.57) proving the internal consistency of the scale. With regards to the reliability of the scale, it was achieved by applying the Cronbach-alpha equation that it amounted to (0.85). In light of the findings, the researcher recommends applying the scale to greater samples and samples taken from different sectors in the fields of work, adding other dimensions of the scale, and exploring their psychometric characteristics and comparing them with what was achieved in this study.

An interrogation of the autobiographies by leaders who write from the margins of power show that subaltern political autobiographies inhabit a privileged position that enable one to see the effect of power on subaltern subjects. Their writings, thus, resist and mount a challenge to hegemonic structures that encroach and sustain the materiality of domination. In this regard, their political autobiographies can be said to be engaged in the quest for dismantling the silence of being the “Other.” This paper contends that the Kenyan subaltern political autobiographies are not merely literary but political acts, and examining these texts will lead to a better understanding of the current political frameworks that help in the conceptualizing the Kenyan nation. The unit of analysis will be two Kenyan political autobiographies, particularly Jaramogi Odinga‟s Not Yet Uhuru and Raila Odinga‟s The Flame of Freedom. Biographical method of analysis will be employed. The perspectives and experiences of Jaramogi and Raila are used as the basis for a critique of the dominant discourse of the post-independence political elites. In particular, the emergence of these autobiographical works is interrogated here as counter- narratives of Kenyan politics and society, alongside the persisting elite structures of politics and culture extending from the colonial through to the postcolonial eras. The analysis of the autobiographical reflections of Jaramogi and Raila demonstrate levels of resistance which have not been recognised until now.

The purpose of this study was to assess the influence of roles played by student councils on curbing the frequency of student unrests in Public Boys Boarding Secondary Schools in Elgon Sub-county, Kenya. The study was based on Social Systems Theory. The study adopted a descriptive survey design. There are only 3 Public Boys Boarding Secondary Schools. Therefore, the census method was used to sample the three secondary schools. Stratified sampling technique was used to sample respondents from the categories of students and members of student councils. The target population for students was 750 while that of members of student councils was 78. The study used Likert type Students' Questionnaire and Questionnaire for Members of Student Councils as research instruments. Descriptive statistics namely, means, frequencies and percentages were computed. The study reported a negative and statistically significant relationship between communication roles by student councils and the frequency of student unrests (r= -0.848**; p<0.01. It can be concluded that if student councils participate in communicating student problems to school management, frequency of student unrests will be curbed in Public Boys Boarding Secondary Schools in Elgon Sub-county. The study recommends that student councils be thoroughly prepared in their roles through seminars, workshops and regular meetings with the principals.

The study objective was to establish Relationship between Provision of Classroom Teaching Resources and teachers’ performance of instructional roles in secondary schools in Nandi East Sub-County, Kenya. The study adopted correlational research design. Data collection tool was teachers’ questionnaire. Reliability of the instrument was tested using test re-test method. It was validated by experts. The target population was secondary school teachers while the accessible population was the 192 teachers teaching in the 30 secondary schools in Nandi East Sub-County. The study used proportionate sampling to categorize respondents into female and male teachers, boarding and day schools. Proportionate sampling was used to apportion respondents from various schools. Simple random sampling technique was used to sample the actual respondents. The Sample size was 127 teachers in the 30 sampled schools determined by using Krejcie and Morgan table of Sample size determination. The study established that there was a positive and a statistically significant relationship between provision of classroom teaching resources and performance of instructional roles. It was concluded that teachers in most of the schools were ineffective in preparing curriculum support materials, supervising students as they study, explaining concepts in class, and in using audio-visual equipment during lesson delivery. It was further established that majority of the schools had not provided ICT resources for use by teachers in performance of instructional roles. Similarly, provision of laboratory chemicals to be used during teaching of practical subjects was found to be insufficiently provided. The researcher recommends that teachers should be provided with necessary, relevant and adequate teaching and learning resources to be used during performance of instructional roles. Additionally, Teachers Service Commission (TSC) of Kenya to urgently implement Teacher Professional Development programs to address the weaknesses of teachers’ inability to explain concepts in class and encourage them to use ICT resources in teaching and evaluation.

TVET is very cardinal to any economic development of the country. It serves to prepare learners with the skills they need to succeed in the workforce and is the candle of hope lighting the darkness of political inefficiency, poverty and human degradation. Therefore, the development of curricula content and their implementation is one of the key competences of instructors in the area of educational planning and practical training for Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) institutions in Kenya. The TVET sub-sector continues to be challenged by inflexible and outdated TVET curriculum, mismatch between the skills learned and the skills demanded by industries, inadequate mechanism for quality assurance, Low participation of private sector in the curriculum design and development. Therefore, the present study sought to evaluate the role of public-private partnership in enhancing curriculum development in TVET institutions within Rift Valley and Western Kenya Regions. Multiple case-study design was adopted for the study. Purposive and snowball sampling techniques were applied to select TVET and enterprise officials respectively. Questionnaires and interview guides were used in data collection. Data collected was analyzed using Multiple Attribute Utility Theory, (MAUT) and results presented in tabular and graphical forms. It was found out industry players were not involved in the reviews and curriculum reviews was reported to be too. The frequency at which curriculum reviews were carried out was reported to be very low at 5 representing 12.5 %. The use of resource persons from enterprise in curriculum instruction is also very low at a frequency. The study also reported low donation of instructional materials from enterprises. Therefore, curriculum planners should review curriculum at regular intervals in the light of needed skills in modern industries.

The pace of life is closely related to people’s health, especially chronic diseases. This paper takes the life behaviors of college students as the research object and carries out an investigation and analysis based on the network. The results showed that the sleep regularity of college students on weekdays was poor, and 21.01% of them had irregular sleep habits. On weekends, even 55.07% of the students sleep very irregularly. For the regularity of students’ getting up, they can get up regularly on weekdays, but very irregularly on weekends. Usually, although college students have a wide range of contacts, still about 10% of the people interact with relatively fixed objects, speculating that these students may even have communication problems. College students eat regularly on weekdays, but on weekends, the proportion of irregular can even reach 41.30% of them.

Correct body positioning is a major nursing intervention to prevent respiratory problem and reduce complication. The important causes of neonatal deaths is birth asphyxia and along with serious infections results in more than 50% of all neonatal deaths.The study was conducted to assess the effect of positioning on physiological parameters of neonates admitted with respiratory problem and find out the difference among positions. The conceptual frame work of the study was based on Stuffle Beams evaluation model provides a framework for evaluation of an innovative intervention .The research design adopted was quasi experimental with one group post test design. The experiment was done by taking 60 neonates admitted for respiratory problem. The level of significance was found using “Z’’ test & ANOVA.The mean heart rate in prone position is 132.4  15.26 less than mean heart rate in lateral position is 137.8  9.82 and in supine position is 141.6  9.75. The mean oxygen saturation in prone position is 95.9  2.87 is higher than the mean oxygen saturation in lateral position is 88.9  2.49 and in supine position is 91.2  2.54. The mean respiration rate in prone position is 43.8  3.18 is less than in lateral position 51.4  4.33 and supine position is 52.2  1.9. The mean arterial pressure in supine position is 49.1  8.27 is same as in prone position is 49.1  8.12 and in lateral position is 48.56  7.57.The mean of oxygen saturation, respiration rate, heart rate in prone position is clinically effective. Prone position improves oxygen saturation and decrease respiratory distress in compared to supine and lateral position in neonates having respiratory problems.