A growing body of research supports the significance of physician-nurse collaboration for the delivery of a quality patient care and positive outcomes. This study was undertaken to assess the attitudes toward collaboration between practicing physicians and nurses in three tertiary government hospitals in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). A quantitative descriptive study was used to compare the difference in attitudes toward Physician-nurse collaboration between physicians and nurses. Attitudes toward collaboration as influenced by their age, gender, nationality, and number of years in practice was also explored. Data were obtained through distribution of survey questionnaire which is an adaptation of the Jefferson Scale of Attitudes Toward Physician-Nurse Collaboration (JSATPNC). Results showed a total mean scores on attitudes toward collaboration for physicians (n = 201) was 50.68 ± 8.31 and 53.59 ± 8.20 for nurses group (n=307). Mean scores were consistently higher in the 4 JSATPNC subscales of attitudes for nurses (p=0.007). Further analysis demonstrated that male physicians have statistically higher score than female physicians (p=0.043). Nurses who have more than 10 years hospital practice have higher score compared to those with 10 years and less of practice (p=0.048). Considering that physician-nurse collaboration is important in the promotion of a quality patient care and outcomes, healthcare institutions in KSA should give more focus on improving physician-nurse collaborative relationships.

The purpose of the study was to establish the relationship between students’ perception and performance .The theories that guided the study were theory of leaning and Constructivism theory. In this study the design used was correlation survey design. The target population that involved in this study is 16 public schools in Moshi municipality. Samplings used in this study were stratified and simple randomly sampling. The instruments that used to obtain the data in this study were questionnaire for students and interview schedule for teachers. The main findings were Perceptions of students towards science subjects in Moshi municipality Relationship between student’s perception and academic performance towards science subjects in Moshi municipality, Improvement perceptions of students towards science subjects and challenges facing students’ performance on science subjects in Moshi municipality. The study concluded that there is strong relationship between students’ perceptions and performance towards science subjects. The researcher made recommends that the ministry of education and vocational training must establish union among students who studying science subjects and prepare gifts and incentives for all students who performing better in science subjects, this situation will increase interest of students to study science.

Abstract: This paper is related to study the potential of orange peel on the removal of copper ions from simulated wastewater using different design parameters by adsorption technique. The operating parameters studied to adsorb copper ions using orange peel as an adsorbent material were initial concentration of copper, absorbance material packing height which was orange peel, pH of copper feed inlet solution, and treatment time, these parameters were varied from (1-100) mg/l, (10-50) cm, (1-8), and (1-60) min respectively. All experiments were carried out at constant feed flow rate (1 l/min) and constant temperature 25°C. Results show that the higher removal efficiency was 89.25 % for copper from aquatic solution and this efficiency was decreased with increasing of initial concentration and pH while the removal efficiency increased with increasing adsorbent material bed height and contact time. The residues of orange peels that loaded with copper ions were prepared to use it as a rodenticide by applying it on the laboratory rats and calculate the half lethal dose (LD50). The residues show a good ability to use it as a rodenticide and the LD50 calculated was in the same range mentioned in the literature. By this way, it can possess different benefits in the same time, which are remove the toxic copper ions from contaminated the water by highly efficiency, get rid of agricultural waste orange peel and finally prepare an active, cheap and simple rodenticide. So, it can discard more toxic waste in a coast and eco-friendly method accessing to Zero Residue Level (ZRL) concept.

Allgrove syndrome which is known as the triple A syndrome, is a rare autosomal recessive disease. It has an estimated prevalence of 1 per 1,000,000 individuals. The triple A stands for the three most prominent features of the syndrome, alacrimia, achalasia and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)-resistant adrenal insufficiency. It may be associated with autonomic, central and peripheral nervous system abnormalities then the name 4 A syndrome has been introduced. In this paper, we report the case of a 14-year-old girl with the 4 A syndrome who was referred to the Oral Medicine Department of hospital La Rabta (Tunisia). She suffered from many oral manifestations of Allgrove's syndrome as well as general abnormalities. Through this observation, we will show that the Knowledge of the oral manifestations is important and it leads the dentist to the right prevention and management of bucco dental complications of these patients.

Abstract: The pricing role of idiosyncratic risk has remained debatable to date, In this paper, we applied an innovative method of dual-predictor regression models to test for the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk in major African stock markets, we find that even though the conventional measure of aggregate idiosyncratic risk exhibits some predictive power for future stock returns, the dual-predictor method, which is developed to reduce the noise effect and is subsequently applied to the US stock market in Ruan, Sun, and Xu (2016), can substantially improve the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk in all of the five major African stock markets, consistent with the effect of the dual-predictor on noise reduction. We conclude that innovative approaches help to improve the predictive power of idiosyncratic risk and just as is the case in the US markets, the same argument of noise reduction through innovation also holds in major African stock markets.

The structures supporting the tricuspid valve leaflets are called chordae tendinae. They are collagenous. They are also known as tendinous cords. The tricuspid valve cusps are attached into the atria, during ventricular contraction, by the chordae. Tension in the chordae tendinae is regulated by specialized muscles called papillary muscles which contract along with the ventricular muscle. The chordae tendinae are attached to the papillary muscles. The chordae tendinae have been found to be involved in causing valve dysfunction and have shown variations in their number and attachment causing tricuspid valve dysfunction. Hence, the study was undertaken to describe their morphology and report any variations. 96 hearts were studied, which were collected from cadavers allotted to undergraduate students for dissection, over a period of time. Hearts were removed by dissection method. Window dissection of the anterior ventricular wall and the posterior right ventricular wall exposes both the papillary muscles & the chordae tendinae. The following types of Chordae tendinae were observed. They were 5 in number and were as follows: Basal chordae, Fan shaped chordae, free edge chordae, rough zone chordae and Deep chordae. No abnormal deviations were observed.

Abstract: The weight of youth unemployment is felt globally with over 70 million youths being unemployed across the globe causing a decline in youth participation in the labour force. Kenya with the largest economy in East Africa has the highest unemployment rate in the region with 39% of the active population unemployed. The various initiatives by the government to alleviate youth unemployment has achieved much and the rate of youth unemployment is high in Nairobi City County due to migration to the city in search for employment, with Clay City Ward being the highest hit. A descriptive survey design was adopted on a target population of 400 unemployed youths in Clay City Ward aged between 21-25 years. A sample size of 30% of the target population which is 120 respondents was obtained through simple random sampling and a questionnaire administered. Key informant interview was also carried out with five youth leaders. Lack of proper technical and vocational training, capital, experience and dependency on parents and relatives was a major cause of youth unemployment. This has led to low living standards, low self-esteems, moral decay and some youths opting not to marry due to unstable income to support themselves and family. However some youths have taken the initiative to exploit their soft talents to earn a living. Despite the government investment in youth’s initiatives not much has been achieved due to poor governance and lack of accountability. The ministry of devolution and planning should devolve the youth’s funds and make it more accessible with adequate training for sustainable job creation.

To evaluate clinical performance of three different resin composites (microfilled, nanohybrid, nanofilled) polished with one-step polishing system in cervical restorations after 24 month. Thirty adult patients were selected from outpatient clinics with a total of 90 restorations (30 of each type of dental composite resin). All of the restorations were finished using fine grit finishing diamond under water-cooling to remove gross excess and polished with one-step polishing system. All restorations showed only minor changes and no differences were detected between their performance at any time period. Nanofill and nanohybrid composite resin showed a satisfactory clinical performance after 24 month as microfill composite resin.

Electrolyte abnormalities are common cause of morbidity and mortality in ICU patients. Quick and accurate results are required for immediate treatment. Conventionally these are measured in serum by electrolyte analyser but now point of care analysers are available to determine them in arterial blood by ABG. To measure electrolyte levels in venous and arterial samples and to evaluate the difference in them. The study was conducted in the department of biochemistry, GGS Medical College and Hospital, Faridkot. It was conducted on the total of 115 patients of either sex admitted in the intensive care unit (ICU). Arterial blood sample was collected for ABG and venous blood was processed in the electrolyte analyser. Results show that there is quite a difference between the mean values of these parameters in venous and arterial blood, with sodium having mean of 124.22 ± 9.18 in arterial blood and that of 137.09 ± 8.71 in venous blood. The mean value for potassium is 3.49 ± 1.28 in arterial blood and 4.21 ± 1.08 in venous blood. For chloride it is 108.54±9.9 in arterial blood and 101.77±7.2 in venous blood. The p values for all the parameters was <0.001. As we observed significant difference between electrolyte levels of venous blood done on electrolyte analyser and that of arterial blood done on ABG analyser so these cannot be used for in exchange for each other and so physicians should be cautious while reporting the results.

This research aims to know the influence of the application of mathematical approach is realistic and critical thinking towards problem-solving ability of grade V primary school in Tangerang. This type of research is to experiment with the use of the technique of simple random sampling has been done to 60 students. Retrieval of data obtained through tests and analyzed using the variant analysis (ANAVA) two lanes with a design treatment by level 2 x 2.Research results showed: (1) problem solving Ability among students who are taught using realistic mathematical approach higher than students taught using conventional methods, (2) there is the influence of the interaction between the application realistic mathematical approach to critical thinking and problem-solving abilities, against (3) problem solving Ability among students who are taught using realistic mathematical approach higher than students taught using methods the conventional group of students who have a high, critical thinking and (4) problem solving Ability among students who are taught using conventional methods is higher than students taught using a mathematical approach is realistic on a group of students with critical thinking.The results of this research show that the mathematical approach with a realistic critical thinking was able to increase the ability of solving math problems.

Complications involving the lungs as a sequela of a systemic disease process are not uncommon, and in fact, pulmonary involvement could be the first or even the only manifestation of systemic disease in a handful of clinical cases. Inflammatory bowel diseases are characterized by mucosal inflammation involving the GI tract that can follow a relapsing-remitting course. Respiratory tract diseases in the setting of IBD can be quite variable and warrants clinical recognition and proper treatment as it could have a significant impact on the patients' health. Here I summarize the potential pathological involvements of the respiratory system in the cohort of IBD patients and summarize the clinical assessment steps necessary to achieve the proper diagnosis.

This research is about meninkatkan ability of student in mastery of Indonesian student vocabulary by using picture and picture method. The purpose of this research is to improve students' vocabulary mastery through picture and picture method. This research method is action research consisting of two cycles. The subjects of this study were the 3rd graders of elementary school, which amounted to 25 students. In completing this study, the authors of observation methods, written tests and field notes, as a means of collecting data collection. By conducting this action research, it was found that using the picture and picture method can improve students 'ability in mastery of students' vocabulary in each cycle. The results can be seen from the improvement processes in improving students' vocabulary mastery in each cycle. The first cycle found the mean completion criteria and the second cycle found an average value of 95.7 which means above the completeness criteria minimal, so the use of picture and picture method can help students in improving students' vocabulary mastery.

This study was designed to compare the properties, kinetics and stability of the immobilized lettuce protease with the free one. We also aimed to test the use of the immobilized lettuce protease for the production of novel bile binding and tyrosinase-inhibitory peptides from plant food processing wastes (cauliflower midrib and broad bean leaves). Immobilized lettuce protease was prepared previously from Lactuca sativa (lettuce) seeds. Free lettuce protease was immobilized on alginate-glutraldehyde beads by covalent bond at optimum conditions with high immobilization efficiency. In the present study, immobilized protease showed optimal activity 221.5 U/mg enzyme protein at pH 10 and 70°C, while the free one showed 22 U/mg enzyme protein at pH 7 and 60°C. Km values of the immobilized and free protease toward azocasein were 1.143 and 1.442 mg, and Vmax values were 142.9 and 24.6 U/mg enzyme protein, respectively. Immobilization of lettuce protease resulted in an increase of activation energy (Ea) for azocasein hydrolysis from 9.6 to 23 Kj/mol. Immobilization improved its turnover number Kcat (15.96 Kj/mol) and catalytic efficiency Kcat /Km (13.96 Kj/mol) compared to that of the free one (3.09 and 2.143 Kj/mol, respectively). Deactivation energy (Ed) values were 38.76 and 55.41 for the free and immobilized protease, respectively, confirming the enzyme stability by immobilization. Free protease could be stored for 70 days at 4°C with loss of only 20% of its initial activity, while the immobilized one could be stored for 23 and 46 days with retention of 114 and 74.5% of its initial activity at 9°C, respectively. CaCl2 increased the rigidity, stability and activity of the immobilized enzyme by 125%. Cauliflower peptides were enzymatically prepared from cauliflower protein. It had higher bile binding and tyrosinase inhibitor potency than the parent protein. Immobilized lettuce protease and cauliflower peptides could be applied in food and pharmaceutical industries.

There has already been the ongoing trend in the shift of focus in specialized translator training from domain-specific knowledge training to an all-round competence development. Based on the analysis of the current problem with the specialized translator training with subject knowledge, this study is to propose suggestions as to how translators deal with the problem of lacking in subject knowledge. Provided in this paper is the detailed illustrations of four methods of selfenriched translator training with specialized subject knowledge, i.e. self-training in efficient subject knowledge management, self-training for efficient reading, selftraining to reuse translations in parallel corpus, self-training to use post-editing machine translations. This study aims to contribute to the future specialized translator training by serving as a reference source or even an inclusion as component parts in these training programs.

The Aim of this study was to compare the clinical efficacy and safety of non-fixed combination (NFC) of dorzolamide (2.0%)/timolol maleate (0.5%) versus NFC of latanoprost (0.005%)/timolol maleate (0.5%) regarding reduction of intra ocular pressure in patients with primary open angle glaucoma. This was a 12-week, randomized, open label, parallel group study with primary open angle glaucoma (IOP range: 24 – 36 mmhg), which included 40 subjects in dorzolamide/timolol group [dorzolamide (2.0%) instilled twice daily and timolol maleate (0.5%) twice daily] and 40 subjects in latanoprost/timolol group [latanoprost (0.005%) instilled once daily, timolol maleate (0.5%) twice daily]. IOP was measured at baseline, 4 and 12 weeks at 10 am. Adverse events were recorded at each visit. The difference in reduction of IOP in two treatment groups from baseline to 12 weeks was the main outcome measure. Mean IOP was similar at baseline for both groups. Absolute reduction in IOP from baseline to 12 weeks was 9.6 mmhg in dorzolamide/timolol group (P <0.001) and 9.7 mmhg in latanoprost/timolol group (P <0.001). No significant difference was found regarding reduction of IOP between the groups (P < 0.85). Both treatments were well tolerated. NFC of dorzolamide/timolol and latanoprost/timolol showed comparable efficacy in reducing IOP. They were also comparable regarding safety profile.