This study aimed to investigate the microbiological quality of two marine fishes collected from several local markets in Dhaka City, Bangladesh: Otolithoides pama (Poa fish) and Harpadon nehereus (Bombay duck). The total viable bacterial count ranged from 6.1 × 10² to 4.4 × 10⁵ cfu/g, while coliform counts showed 40 × 10¹ to 2.03 × 10³ cfu/g, and fungal counts showed 2.7 x 10² to 8.6 x 10⁶ cfu/g, indicating high amounts of microbiological contamination from different sources. In addition, the Presence of Vibrio spp. and Staphylococcus aureus was detected, with concentrations ranging from 7.0 × 10¹ to 9.8 × 10⁷ cfu/g. The examination of an Otolithoides pama sample revealed that both species of Shigella and Salmonella occurred TNTC (too numerous to count), thus indicating a source of significant contamination. The discovery of multidrug-resistant (MDR) organisms such as Stenotrophomonas maltophilia, Acinetobacter baumannii, and Providencia alcalifaciens by biochemical characterization further brings public health issues to the foray. Antibiotic test results indicated resistance to several commonly used antibiotics, i.e., co-trimoxazole, ciprofloxacin, and ceftriaxone, which seriously threatens antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in the food chain. Hence, enhanced hygiene practices, regulatory reinforcement, and the implementation of Hazard Analysis Critical Control Points (HACCP) in fish handling, storage, and transportation are urgently needed to protect consumer safety and minimize public health impacts associated with contaminated seafood.

Increase in microbial resistance of commonly used antibiotics is a major health concern globally this has necessitated researchers to focus on cheaper alternative materials which could perform the role of antibiotics. This study aimed at investigating the synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO Nps) and exploring the synthesized nanoparticles as sources of antimicrobials. The antimicrobial activity of the synthesized zinc oxide nanoparticles was tested against ten different bacteria namely; Enterobacter agglumerans, Corynebacterium bovis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii, Escherichia coli, Micrococcus luteus, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus, and Bacillus cereus. The results from this study revealed that four out of the test organisms (S. aureus, B. cereus, E. coli and Bacillus subtilis) were susceptible to the ZnO nanoparticles. The diameter of the zones of inhibition (ZOI) ranging from 14.50 – 25.50 mm. The synthesized nanoparticles showed the highest activity with S. aureus (ZOI = 25.50 mm, followed by B. cereus (22.00 mm), E. coli and B. subtilis (14.50 mm). The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) results showed that ZnO NPs was most effective against S. aureus and B. cereus at 25% concentration while minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) was at 50%. These findings revealed that zinc oxide nanoparticles have great potentials for inhibiting clinical isolates; thus, their use as an alternative means for new drug discovery should be encouraged.

The study examined the effect of sulfurization temperature on chemical composition, structural properties and morphological features of CuAlS2 thin films that had been prepared using two – step Vacuum Thermal Evaporation Technique. It was reported that metallic Cu – Al precursor layer first deposited onto soda – lime glass substrates before they were sulfurized and annealed at 573K, 673K, and 773K. The thin films were then characterized by X – ray Diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and Energy Dispersive X – ray Spectroscopy (EDS) to study their crystallographic phase, surface morphology and elemental composition respectively. XRD study disclosed the formation of a chalcopyrite tetragonal CuAlS2 phase with notable variations of crystallinity and lattice parameters as a function of temperature. SEM images revealed that the film morphologies were influenced by sulfurization temperature and EDS analysis suggested non – ideal stoichiometry as a result of incomplete sulfurization at lower temperatures. Overall, the findings highlighted the crucial role of sulfurization temperature in determining material properties. The study also highlighted the potentials of CuAlS2 thin films in optoelectronic devices, particularly solar cells and light- emitting diodes.

Semantic-based image retrieval (SBIR) is a critical challenge at the intersection of natural language processing and computer vision. Traditional retrieval methods primarily depend on metadata annotations or low-level visual feature extraction, often failing to capture user queries' rich contextual and semantic relationships. This study introduces a novel approach that leverages knowledge graphs to enhance SBIR by structuring and representing visual concepts in a more interpretable and relational manner. Specifically, we construct a knowledge graph from the Visual Genome dataset to encode semantic relationships between objects, attributes, and scene compositions. By integrating this knowledge representation into the retrieval process, our approach improves query accuracy, enables more intuitive search mechanisms, and extends the applicability of knowledge graphs in visual information retrieval. Experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this method in bridging the semantic gap between textual queries and image content, paving the way for more intelligent and context-aware retrieval systems.

The study examined the contribution of community based natural resources on the socio-economic development of indigenous coastal dwellers in Odukpani LGA, Cross River State. Four hundred copies of questionnaires were administered to the indigenous coastal dwellers including farmers, hunting, fishing and many others. A total of eleven (11) villages naturally endowed with resources were sampled. Adequate consultation with community stakeholders was carried out so as to fully incorporate their opinion into the study. The various community based resources found were sand aggregate, fisheries, wildlife, forest and swamp cultivation. The factors influencing the exploitation of community based resources were not limited to community institutions, poor technology/capital and land tenure. Chisquare was used in testing hypothesis. The result produces Pearson Chi-Square value of 207.162a, and a P-value (2-sided) of 0.000, with implication that, natural resources availability contributed less on the development of Odukpani LGA, Cross River State. Further result produces Pearson Chi-Square value of 219.100a, degree of freedom (df) of 12 and a P-value (2-sided) of 0.000, revealing that community based resource exploitation does not contribute significantly to household income for indigene of Odukpani. During interactive session, it was revealed that resources control is basically in the hands of few and similarly, management practices tends to contradict the principles of sustainable development. Suggestions such as setting up of committees on indigenous people’s rights and development, self-help development, increased political participation and effective implementation of government policy on financial autonomy at grass root level were raised for a transformative community development.

Angioleiomyoma is a benign tumor arising from the vascular smooth muscle of the tunica media of the subcutaneous blood vessels, predominantly occurring in the extremities. We report a case of a 36-year-old man presenting with a symptomatic angioleiomyoma located on the dorsal aspect of the left foot. The histopathological diagnosis was confirmed following surgical excision. Surgical resection resulted in complete recovery, with total and permanent resolution of symptoms and no recurrence.

Objective: This review presents a recent progress in the application of three-dimensional (3D) printing to dosimetry in radiation oncology. Methods: A thorough search across four databases identified 601 relevant publications. After removing duplicates using Rayyan QCRI and screening for relevance, 52 full-text articles were reviewed and six met the eligibility criteria for evidence synthesis. Results: The review covered six studies, including 76 cancer patients in total, of whom 52 (68.4%) were females. The studies indicated that 3D-printed boluses improved dose accuracy, skin conformity, and toxicity management during postmastectomy chest wall radiation. For scalp malignancies, integrated bolus/headrests minimized air gaps and enhanced treatment reproducibility. Customized boluses for squamous cell carcinomas (SCCs) in the extremities were adapted to anatomical variations, thereby increasing precision. Tongue immobilization devices reduced mucosal exposure in patients with nasopharyngeal cancer, outperforming standard mouthpieces. Patient-specific phantoms refined dose calculations, whereas 3D-printed nose boluses enabled cost-effective, highly controlled nasal cancer treatments with low toxicity. Conclusion: 3D printing is transforming radiation oncology by enhancing precision, personalization, and clinical performance. It addresses key challenges, such as dose conformity, reproducibility, and patient comfort. Despite its limitations, the benefits of 3D printing emphasize its future role as a vital tool in radiation therapy.

This study investigates how Saudi Arabia's economic diversification objectives under Vision 2030 might be complemented by a specialized seating and positioning solutions industry development. Saudi Arabia now mostly depends on imports for mobility aids, which drives expensive prices and restricted access. Decreasing healthcare costs, local manufacturing, enabling research and development (R&D) and allowing for exports contributes to a robust and globally aligned industry in Saudi. Moreover, the social and economic implications of better mobility solutions also lead to improved productivity in the workplace and a better quality of life. This research highlights the opportunity for a new industry that depends less on oil revenues, generates jobs, and improves health outcomes.

Culture plays a significant role in the development of the nation. India has rich cultural diversity and plurality, among which traditional game is one that used to occupy much of the leisure time of children and youth. These games are played informally with minimal equipment and infrastructure and with unwritten, simple, and flexible rules. The few popular traditional games in India are Camel Race, Game of Dice, Archery, Bull Race, Buffalo Race, Marbels, Mallakhamb, Kite flying, Hopscotch, Spinning the Top, Boat Race, and Kalaripayattu. Today's fast-paced lifestyle, urbanization, unit families, and popularity of video games are discouraging children from playing outdoor games. Still, these games have enough potential to provide unique opportunities for physical development, amusement, creativity, the transmission of culture, peer group interactions, and overall good life. The purpose of the study was to identify and analyze the different components of traditional games that develop social and motor skills that may lead to a good life among children. For the collection of data, the present study used primary and secondary sources, which included questionnaires, books, websites, and journals. It was observed that rural children largely engage in traditional games, which are locally organized, and safe. It was noted that many types of traditional games, such as games of physical skill, strategy, memory, rhythmic games, simulation, and verbal games, play an important role in the development of children's minds, cognitive ability and motor skills including balance, coordination and can also develop social skills like collaboration, cooperation, communication, mutual respect, cultural exchange, problem-solving, and overall well-being and healthy Life. UNESCO recognized the Traditional Games as a world intangible cultural heritage. The Association for International Sports for All (TAFISA, Germany) and UNESCO are jointly striving hard to safeguard and promote traditional games across the world. TAFISA adopted a mission in 2018 to create a better world through play by 2030.

UPLC is a modern technique which gives a new direction for liquid Chromatography. UPLC refers to ultra performance liquid chromatography, which enhance mainly in three areas: “speed, resolution, and sensitivity. Ultra Performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) applicable for particles less than 2µm in diameter to acquire better resolution, speed, and sensitivity compared with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). In twenty first centenary pharmaceutical industries are focusing for new ways to in economy and shorten Time for development of drugs. UPLC analysis at the meantime gives the better Quality of their products and analytical laboratories are not exception in this trend. The separation and quantification in UPLC are done under very high pressure (up to 100M Pa). As compared to HPLC, under high pressure it is observed that not any negative influence on analytical columns and other components like Time and solvent consumption is less in UPLC.

Background: Cognitive impairment is a hallmark of neurodegenerative disorders, often associated with oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, and cholinergic dysfunction. Turmeric (Curcuma longa), known for its neuroprotective and antioxidant properties, has been investigated for its potential to mitigate cognitive deficits. This study evaluates the cognitive reinforcement potential of turmeric in colchicine-induced cognitive impairment in mice. Methods: Turmeric was extracted using cold extraction with 50% ethanol for maceration with daily agitation for 72 hrs as prescribed by the extraction protocol. Animals (mice) were acclimatized for two weeks at the Behavioural Laboratory and one-week daily cognitive trial using Morris Water Maze model was done. Furthermore, the animals were grouped according to the study design as 1: control-10 ml/kg p.o, 2: colchicine 0.5 mg/kg p.o, 3: colchicine 0.5 mg/kg and 500 mg/kg p.o turmeric, 4: colchicine 0.5 mg/kg and 1000 mg/kg p.o turmeric, 5: 1000 mg/kg p.o turmeric, 6: 1 mg/kg p.o donepezil and 0.5 mg/kg p.o colchicine; treated for fourteen(14) days and then the test was conducted for each group using same model. Cognitive function was assessed using standard behavioural paradigm, including the Morris water maze tests. Results: Mice treated with turmeric demonstrated a significant, dose-dependent improvement in cognitive function, with the 1000 mg/kg p.o turmeric group exhibiting the highest recovery. Turmeric administration led to enhanced memory retention, reduced escape latency, and improved discrimination indices, suggesting attenuation of colchicine-induced neurotoxicity. Conclusion: These findings support the cognitive reinforcement potential of turmeric, likely mediated through its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory mechanisms.

This paper examines how traditional design solutions contribute to adapting to the harsh and diverse climatic conditions in Libya, with a focus on coastal, desert, and mountainous environments. The study analyzes the environmental design strategies used in traditional architecture, such as the inner courtyard, the malqaf, and the adjacent building blocks, by studying architectural models in cities such as Tripoli, Ghadames, and Gharyan. The paper aims to evaluate the effectiveness of these strategies in improving thermal comfort and reducing the impact of climatic conditions, by comparing different architectural characteristics within an environmental and climatic context.

The study painstakingly assessed ''Blue Resources under-exploitation and Development Impediment along Atlantic Coastline: Example from Akwa Ibom State, Nigeria’’. Reconnaissance survey was done prior to field work between September 2024 to February 2025. The study employed descriptive method of data analysis alongside in-depth interview using community leaders, Women Association and Youth Forum and other concerned social groups. Focus Group Discussion was further employed using 15 males and 15 females with participants ranging from 28 years and above. Forty (40) structured questionnaires were distributed to heads of household in ten (10) selected communities making a total of 400 questionnaires. Findings revealed that there are numerous blue resources potentials in Akwa Ibom State including blue food, blue tourism resources, blue mineral, blue energy, blue-green resources and blue transport. The study revealed that in order of resource utilization, blue minerals and blue tourism take the leads, while investment in blue energy, maritime services, wetlands farming and aquaculture was under-utilised. Linking this finding with the level of economic development of the region, blue resource under-utilisation contributed significantly to the declining economic situation. It was further realized that household economic status was relatively low in comparison to the huge natural resources availability. The study however, recommended that more efforts should be re-directed towards multi-sectoral and holistic resource management that could ensure that all dimensions of blue resources in the region are incorporated into the economic sector for development. Hence, an organized, participatory and multi-lateral investment, laced with modern skills on environmentally friendly resource exploitation, resource marketing and resource value-chain optimization are suggested.

This comprehensive study delves into the development of eye anatomy from the Greek to the Arab period, highlighting key figures such as Buqrāt (Hippocrates), Arastū (Aristotle), Herophilūs, and Jalinūs (Galen), whose pioneering contributions laid the foundation for the understanding of ocular structure and function. These scholars made significant strides in identifying the various components of the eye, including the cornea, retina, iris, and optic nerve, and proposed innovative treatments for ocular ailments. Their meticulous observations and detailed descriptions of eye anatomy in ancient medical texts underscore the early recognition of visual impairments and their clinical significance in early medical practices. The Arab period saw a flourishing of ophthalmological knowledge, with prominent figures such as Abū Bakr Moḥammad Ibn Zakriyā Al-Rāzī, 'Alī Ibn Sahl Raban Al-Ṭabarī, and Ḥunayn Ibn Ishāq Al-‘Ābādī making significant contributions to the field. These scholars authored seminal works that provided detailed insights into common eye anatomy and various ocular diseases, paving the way for advancements in ophthalmic knowledge and treatment methods. Their comprehensive texts not only enriched the understanding of eye disorders but also contributed to the development of systematic textbooks on ophthalmology, furthering the dissemination of medical knowledge in the Arab world. The legacy of scholars such as Ibn Sīnā, 'Alī Ibn 'Isā Al-Kaḥḥāl, Ibn Al-Haytham, and Ibn Rūshd continued to shape the field of ophthalmology, with their ground-breaking research on vision, eye anatomy, and disease treatment setting the stage for modern practices. Their innovative approaches to studying the eye, introducing technical terminology, and proposing novel theories on ocular function have had a lasting impact on the field. Through their collective efforts, these scholars have enriched the understanding the Ocular anatomy and its applied aspect, paving the way for advancements in ophthalmic research and clinical practice.

The aim of the study is to evaluate the effective protective potential of aprepitant on L-arginine induced pancreatitis in albino wistar rats. Thirty albino wistar rats weighing 150-200 g were randomly divided into five groups. Each group contains six animals. Pancreatitis was induced by 250 mg L- Arginine in the normal saline and administer in the time interval of 4th, 7th, 10th, 13th, 16th and 19th days. Treatment with aprepitant 14 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg was evaluated by using body weight and serum parameters like amylase, lipase, creatinine, BUN, ALT, AST, inflammatory markers and histological study of pancreatitis induced rat’s pancreas. The present study demonstrates that treatment with aprepitant with 14 mg/kg and 8 mg/kg had potential therapeutic effects on the treatment of pancreatitis. It was found that parental administration of the aprepitant shows the equal effectiveness in treating pancreatitis when compared with pancreatic rats treated with standard drug methylprednisolone. Histopathological studies of the pancreas sample also confirmed the damage in the pancreas reduced due to the aprepitant. This shows good anti- inflammatory activity against diseased group. It is concluded that the aprepitant showed siginificant anti- inflammatory activity in albino rats. Among that aprepitant 14 mg/kg showed distinguished effect than aprepitant 8 mg/kg. Therefore, the study results show that the aprepitant produces siginificant suppression of inflammation, cell damage in pancreas. Thus, it has the potential to be developed for clinical applications in the future.