Abstract: Diabetic retinopathy is the most common cause of vision loss among people with diabetes and a leading cause of blindness among working age adults, it is a serious sight threatening complication of diabetes. Hs-CRP is a marker of low-grade inflammation and its levels are raised in patients with diabetic retinopathy. The current study was undertaken in 60 subjects. 30 diabetic retinopathy patients and 30 non diabetics as normal control group. The aim of the study was to assess the serum levels of hs-CRP in diabetic retinopathy patients. hs-CRP is significantly much higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to control group. TC, TG, LDL-C and VLDL-C levels where significantly elevated and HDL-C levels were significantly lower in cases when compared to controls. Hence it is concluded that the serum levels of hs-CRP appear to be useful as markers of diabetic retinopathy and provide valuable information for proper medical intervention.

The parasitic weed Striga hermonthica poses a serious threat to sorghum production in Northern Cameroon. To evaluate the response to S. hermonthica of 24 genotypes of rainfed sorghum and the effect of sodium carbonate on this parasite, field and pot experiments were conducted at Touboro (North Cameroon) in 2016 and 2017. In pot and in field, under striga infestation, results showed varietal responses of sorghum for the number of emerged Striga, the height of sorghum, the stem diameter, the number of leaves per plant, the panicle weight and the grain yield. Globally, Striga infestation significantly reduced the height, the stem diameter, and the number of leaves, the panicle weight and the grain yield of sorghum accessions by 28.94%, 19.54%, 17.78%, 28.24% and 44.17% respectively. Application of natural sodium carbonate salt reduced significantly the emerged Striga and the host plant damage by 74.29% and 41.94%. Under Striga infestation, sodium carbonate also increased the growth and yield sorghum accessions. Among the 24 studied genotypes, complete resistance was no recorded, but landraces LMO-LT18, LMO-LT22, KW-CP09 and LMT-21 appeared as the most resistant and tolerant to S. hermonthica. Combination of sodium carbonate with resistant and tolerant genotypes should be investigated as a major component of integrated packages to the effective control of Striga on sorghum in northern Cameroon.

Marketing efficiency as a concept is strongly linked to many of the core organizational results, such as long-term growth, stability, customer satisfaction, competitive advantage, and strong market orientation. Marketing effectiveness depends on the company's goals. Due to the growing demand for marketing professionals, one needs to focus on a system where both short-term and long-term financial impact can be measured on the company's market investments. Marketing effectiveness measurement is a business process that shows the results of specific marketing decisions. The effectiveness of marketing activities should be defined as the return on the funds invested in these activities.

To study the antibacterial activity of Tabernaemontana divaricata (Apocynaceae) secondary metabolites capped silver nanoparticles (SNPs). In the present investigation, SNPs were synthesized using an aqueous extract of T. divaricata flowers. Flower aqueous extract was mixed with 1 m M silver nitrate for the biosynthesis of nanoparticles. The antibacterial activity of SNPs was determined against various bacterial cultures including laboratory isolates using the agar well diffusion method. The SNPs showed the highest antibacterial activity against Grampositive and Gram-negative bacteria. The present study envisions on the biosynthesis of SNPs from T. divaricata plant which are emerging as antibacterial therapy in modern medical applications.

Entrepreneurship Development leads to employment creation, growth of the economy those results to sustainable development. Youths on the other hand represents the working force of every society which can bring about economic growth and development of every nation. In order to achieve economic growth and development it becomes imperative that they must be gainfully employed, otherwise, being unemployed means that their energies will be diverted to negative practices which is crime. Even though it is generally acknowledged that social vices are global issue, however, its rate and incidence of criminality varies among youths, states and nations. It has been established by previous work done in this area that high unemployment rate in Enugu State is responsible for high rate of social vices in the state. It is in the light of this, that the role of Entrepreneurship Development as a tool for the reduction of crimes is examined. The study made use of review of literature, where various published and unpublished documents were visited. It was found out that Entrepreneurship Development does not only help to reduce social vices among youths, but also boosts the economic growth and development of nations. It further shows that, the problem of unemployment can be reduced with youths engaging in entrepreneurship practices as a means of creating employment and in turn lessen the problem of crime.

Bambara nut (Voandzeia subterrenea (L.) Thouars) is a cheap source of leguminous protein with a good potential as substitute for relatively expensive animal protein, in several food products such as biscuits, particularly in developing countries. Biscuit was produced from blends of wheat flour and fermented bambara nut flour (l00:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50) and was analysed. Proximate composition and protein content of biscuit produced from the flour mixes was higher than that produced with 100% wheat flour, while the moisture content ranged between 2.95 and 5.71%. The carbohydrate components and reducing sugar were in the ranges of 60.29 and/64.99%, and 2.74 and 4.43%, respectively. Sensory data indicated that the fermented bambara nut biscuit with up to 30% were acceptable. Thickness, diameter and spread ratio of the biscuit ranged from 230.33 -285.67mm, 29.00 - 36.67 mm and 61.70 -89.19%, respectively. Consequently, the potentials of fermented bambara nut in biscuit production was established thereby providing alternative composite flour in biscuit production.

Ministry of Education is determined to improve access, equity, quality, and relevance of education through better management of service delivery to all learners. Achievement in this sector will, therefore, enhance economic growth, create more employment, and guarantee sustainable development for the Kenyan people. The country therefore, has no choice but must make massive investment in science, mathematics and technology education, particularly in women; if at all the set targets will be to achieve the goals well articulated in Vision 2030.The purpose of the study was to determine the rate of flow of men and women in selected science and technology programmes in Kenyan universities is the same and to investigate alternative strategic to enhance survival rate of flow of men and women in selected science and technology programmes in Kenyan universities is the same. The theory used in this study was Liberal feminism. It is rooted in the tradition of 16th- and 17thcentury liberal philosophy, which focused on the ideals of equality and liberty. The research design used in this study is ex post facto. The study was carried out in 3 Kenyan public and 3 private universities. The data of the study was collected using questionnaires and focus group discussion. The obtained data was analyzed using Wilcoxon Mann–Whitney Test. This test is a non-parametric analog to the independent t-test and is used when one does not assume that the dependent variable is a normally distributed interval variable (one can only assume that the variable has at least ordinal. The findings indicate that lack of adequate qualified personnel remain the number one factor that hinders the full rolling out of SMT programmes besides the expensive equipment in both public and private universities. It is recommend that girls are equally good in terms of performance at the university level means gender gap can be crossed in STs related professions. A lot then needs to be done from early childhood education, through primary to secondary school level to significantly improve the number of girls transiting to university.

This study deals with the morphological variations of suprascapular notch of dry scapula. A total of 200 human dry scapulae which were obtained from the Department of Anatomy of various medical colleges were analyzed. The variation of suprascapular notch was recorded and classified into different types. The most common type of suprascapular notch in the study was U shaped. The other shaped were V and J shaped. We also encountered ossified suprascapular ligament and complete absence of suprascapular notch. Such conditions can cause suprascapular nerve entrapment syndrome.

This study was conducted to measure the outcome of the influence of country-of-origin image and product positioning on consumers attitude towards madein-Nigeria textiles in South Southern region of Nigeria. A survey design was used in gathering data needed for the research. Copies of questionnaire were self administered to a sample of four hundred (400) consumers. Descriptive statistics was used in the application of percentages and other statistical procedures. Multiple regression analysis was used to establish and measure the relationship between product extrinsic attributes and consumers‟ attitude. The results revealed that there is a significant relationship between country-of-origin image, product positioning and consumers‟ attitude towards made-in-Nigeria textiles. The study recommended that for good country of originimage to be built about Nigeria textile products, in the minds of millions of Nigerian customers; attention should be paid towards facilitating consistency in the production of durable textiles and less corruption within the production process. This will aid in improving the nation‟s economy. Above all, made-in-Nigeria textiles with unique features like; originality, outstanding, fulfillment and convincing, should be properly positioned in the minds of consumers.

This study was conducted to investigate the effect of bioferilizer (Pseudomonas fluorescens and Azotobacter chroococcum) on growth of cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata), the experiment was carried out at the experimental farm of soil laboratory belong to Directorate of Diyala Agriculture, Iraq during 2017, the experiment included three levels of bio fertilizers 0.08, 0.14 and 0.28 g/plant, it was laid out in randomized complete block design having four treatments with four replications. The results showed a significant increase in cabbage yield in treatments that inoculated with biofertilizer. The highest increase in yield of cabbage (plant weight, head weight, total plant weight (ton\acre) and total head weight (ton\acre)) was achieved in Biofertilizer 0.14 g/plant was reached 1262.375 g, 810.025 g, 14.026 ton\acre and 9.000 ton\acre respectively followed by Biofertilizer 0.28 g/plant, 1113.125 g, 757.875 g, 12.367 ton\acre and 8.421 ton\acre respectively and Biofertilizer 0.08 g/plant, 1000 g, 700 g, 11.111 ton\acre and 7.777 ton\acre respectively as compared with control 731 g, 363g, 8.122 ton\acre and 3.883 ton\acre respectively .

This paper engages Business Model Generation via the Business Model Canvas developed by Osterwalder and Pigneur as a case-based approach to understanding organizational challenges and crisis stemming from business model deficits. The author uses the H. Wayne Huizenga College of Business and Entrepreneurship, the business school of Nova Southeastern University, as a case in point (based on his experience working for the institution and his understanding of its business model and challenges) to explore the Business Model Canvas as a critical tool for organizational strategic considerations and improvements. The author applies the nine (9) components or building blocks of the Business Model Canvas (Osterwalder, & Pigneur, 2010) to the Huizenga College of Business and Entrepreneurship in order to examine its value creating activities and challenges. The result is an analysis providing further understanding of the Huizenga College of Business and Entrepreneurship and its features that may be critical to understanding the building blocks of the Canvas, and which may consequently inform similar organizations in their quest to develop better business models, achieve innovation, and gain sustainable competitive advantage in today’s global economy. Using a critical case study approach, the Business Model Canvas is explored and recommendations specific to the case in point are presented.

The objective of this study was to evaluate the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of ethanolic and palm wine extract of Phragmanthera capitata stems widely used by traditional healers. Acute toxicity according to the OCDE Guideline 423 showed that the LD50 of ethanolic and palm wine extract was greater than 5000 mg/Kg body weight. Anti-inflammatory capacity was evaluated by hind paw oedema model using carrageenan-induced inflammation in rat. It has showed that palm wine and ethanolic extracts possessed a dose-dependent anti-inflammatory activity (at the first hour) with 21.47% and 41.24%, respectively, as a percentage inhibition for the 200 and 300 mg/Kg body weight of palm wine extract and 16.95% and 28.21% for the ethanolic extract of same dose as compared with 25.42% for aspirin. The phenol dosage by the Folin-Ciocalteu method showed that ethanolic extract (14420 mg EAA/g dry extract) had a high content relative to the palm wine extract (2570 mg EAA/g of dry extract ). The antioxidant capacity was evaluated by the diphenyl-picryl test (DPPH), where the ethanolic extract showed strong antioxidant activity with a EC50 of 0.0085 mg/mL when that of the wine extract was 0.049 mg/mL, after the ascorbic acid (standard) with 0.033 mg/mL. Ethanolic and palm wine extract of Phragmanthera capitata stems are non-toxic and have inflammatory and antioxidant activity that could justify its traditional use.

Abstract: The study aims to find out root cause for insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting of blood samples in clinical chemistry laboratory. Blood samples centrifuged in the laboratory were aliquoted by technicians in to 1.5 ml eppindorf cups for placement in to automated chemistry analyser. The aliquotes were allowed to settle for 1 hour and observed for presence of red rim of settled RBC at the bottom of the cups, indicating insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting. Frequency of such samples were analysed for time of day, type of sample tube, amount of residual serum/plasma after aliquoting, origin of sample from hospital departments. Total 13491 sample tubes analysed in 20 days at Biochemistry laboratory of New civil hospital Surat. There were 248 samples showing red rim of RBC at the bottom of the cups. Out of 248, samples received at night constituted 78%. Serum sample have 3 times chances of having insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting as compared to fluoride plasma. 86% of sample had residual serum/plasma of <200 ul. Neonate sample have 7 times chances of having insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting as compared to adult samples. 97% of samples having insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting were received from wards while only 3% were received from OPD. Under filling of collection tubes, neonatal samples, samples collected in plain vacuum tubes, samples collected by phlebotomist on duty at night are root causes for insufficient centrifugation and sample aliquoting.

Mandible is one of the strongest bones of the facial skeleton; still it is it has structures like condyles which are prone to fracture due to its anatomy and distribution of heavy masticatory and other functional load. Mandibular condyle fracture accounts for 25-35% of the mandibular fractures. A prospective demographic study was done at Bapuji Dental College & Hospital, Davangere, to determine condylar fractures occurring in north Karnataka region. A total of 16 condylar fractures were assessed in a period 2015- 2017.

The aim of this brief paper is to provide a case study of reflection on a teaching critical incident within higher education. The case study is based on personal experience providing personal insights and feelings, and an action planning for further development in future similar scenario. Teachers in higher education may face different challenges during their teaching experience; this would worth reflecting upon to further understand the nature of the challenge as well as the associated aspects with it and enables opportunities of sharing experience and best practices with other academics, faculties, institutions and professionals internally and externally.