Diabetes Mellitus type 2 is a group of disorders characterized by high glucose levels. Electrolyte abnormalities are commonly encountered in chronic diabetes mellitus type 2 patients. These patients usually have Potassium, Magnesium and Phosphate depletion. This study was conducted to investigate the electrolytes and lipid abnormalities in chronic type 2 diabetes mellitus in patients attending Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences and Hospital Adilabad. This study was conducted in the Department of General Medicine and Biochemistry, Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Medical Sciences [RIMS], Adilabad. The study included male and female subjects diagnosed with chronic diabetes mellitus type 2. Chronic diabetics were defined as those diagnosed with diabetes mellitus type 2 and on medications, for the duration of 5 years or more they were designated as Group I. Similarly age and sex-matched controls from the normal population were included in Group II as controls. Fasting blood samples will be collected in Vacutainer 10ml and serum fasting blood sugar, Serum Electrolytes and lipid profile will be estimated in fully automatic chemistry analyzer ‘Beckman Coulter Au 400’. The results obtained were recorded and analyzed using statistical software. Results: A total of 100 patients were included in the study divided into two groups Group I (diabetics) and group II (controls). The serum fasting blood glucose was measured in group I the mean values was 174.5 ± 25.6 mg/dl and in group II 96.5 ± 20.5 mg/dl the p values were found to be significant. The triglyceride levels as compared to controls the mean values in group I was 201.55 ± 35.8 mg/dl and group II was 190.5 ± 30.12 mg/dl the p values were found to be significant. The potassium levels were also elevated in the group I (diabetic) as compared to group II and the p values were found to be significant. It can be concluded that type 2 diabetes patients have abnormal lipid and electrolyte balance. The impaired mineral metabolism can result in disturbances in enzymatic activities, hormone secretions, and antioxidant levels. Therefore monitoring of these patients every 3 months will help in preventing the occurrence of long-term complications related to diabetes

Abstract: Drop set training has been suggested as one of the best high intensity training techniques of all time. Though several studies have shown the effect of drop sets on limb muscles; there is a relative dearth of research on the effect of drop sets on spinal musculature. This study was aimed to determine the effect of drop sets on muscle strength and endurance of trunk extensors among trained men. Methodsː A randomized controlled trial was conducted for 6 weeks among 30 trained men recruited through convenient sampling. Participants were randomly assigned into two groups; experimental group that underwent drop sets and control group submitted to high load resistance training. A pre-test and post-test measurement of muscle strength and endurance for both groups was carried out using 1RM Strength Test and Biering-Sorensen test respectively. Data were statistically analysed by Pearson correlation and t-student tests, with a significance level of p<0.05. Resultsː At the end of the trial, significant changes are shown in pre-test and post-test scores of muscle strength (p=0.001) and endurance (p=0.003) of the trunk extensors in the drop sets training group. The findings proved that drop sets can simultaneously improve muscle strength and endurance of trunk extensors with short term training. Conclusionsː In conclusion, drop sets training achieved superior gains in muscle strength and endurance of the trunk extensors compared to high load training. In this context, this programme could potentially be used to improve trunk extensor muscle performance in trained men.

Many patients with gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms go through endoscopy often unnecessarily and without indication. Observational studies have generally shown poor adherence to international guidelines of endoscopy. This study aims to identify the common indications of GI endoscopy and the subsequent findings among the population of Al Kharj Province, KSA. We conducted a cross-sectional study on 516 patients who underwent upper or lower GI endoscopy at the Endoscopy Unit of King Khaled Hospital, Al Kharj, KSA in the period from March 2017 to March 2018. GI bleeding, dyspepsia and reflux symptoms were the most commonly reported causes for referral to endoscopy (26.8%, 19.6% and 10.7% respectively). Normal endoscopic findings were reported in 33% and 37% of the patients who underwent gastroscopy with dyspepsia and reflux symptoms, respectively). Only six patients (1.8%) of those who underwent colonoscopy had an indication of colorectal screening. Almost half of the patients 45 % (45/100) with dyspepsia 53% (27/55) unnecessary gastroscopy. High rates of unnecessary upper GI endoscopy are performed for inappropriate indication such as dyspepsia and reflux symptoms. Also, colorectal screening strategy has not been adopted by the physicians. We recommend the implementation of the recent international guidelines when referring patients to endoscopy to avoid the unnecessary invasive procedures.

The realization of the principle of justice in proving the settlement of consumer disputes through arbitration in Indonesia is important, with three reasons, namely first, there is a weakness of the consumer protection law because the formulation of substantial norms and formal law is contrary to other laws so that the formulation is not in the framework national legal system and difficult to be harmonized. Second, the legal norms for consumer dispute settlement with an inverse proof burden system have created injustice for consumers and producers and open up opportunities for other parties to manipulate adverse evidence. Third, no matter how well the consumer dispute resolution process, does not guarantee that justice is achieved unless the judge (arbitrator) is right and correctly divides the burden of proof and provides an assessment of the strength of the evidence submitted by the disputing party. Discussion of the problem of proof, using the normative legal research method that refers to norms and legal principles in the legislation or court decisions. This discussion is explorative on thought, concrete legal norms in the Indonesian consumer protection law and is prescriptive to offer the concept of problem solving of the problems presented. The conclusion of the discussion is that the consumer arbitration verification system in Indonesia is a model that comes from the presumption of liability principle with a reverse proof burden. The realization of justice in this system cannot be harmonized so that it needs to be adjusted to the principle of justice that is universally adhered to and the principle of justice characterized by the legal personality of the Indonesian nation, namely Pancasila justice.

In this correlational study, 54 MA students were selected out of 68 initial participants majoring in TEFL at Khatam ol-Anbia University, Tehran, Iran. The homogeneity of participants was calculated through administration The Cambridge Proficiency Test. Then, participants took a motivation test. After that, a topic was given to them to write an essay. All important parts of essay including thesis statement, body paragraphs, conclusion, outlining, and coherence was already taught to the participants. In addition, they were asked to read their own writing and score based on Writing Scoring Rubric modified. In order to avoid subjective rating and ensure the intra- rater reliability of the assessment, these writing samples were scored twice based on the same scale that the students utilized in self-assessment. The results revealed that there was not statistically significant relationship between motivation and students` self-assessment. Moreover, the relationship between self-assessment and teacher’s rating of students` writing ability was statistically significant. The findings have some implications for language teaching and assessment.

This is a theoretical paper with a charge to examine the scope and character of gender equality in the education systems of Uganda, Rwanda and South Sudan through a review of cross-national literature using feminist lens to interpret their connotations. While Uganda and South Sudan have invariably sought to enact affirmative action geared at achieving increased access for girl children, Rwanda has by and large focused on shifting from affirmative action to more holistic genderresponsive strategies in its crusade. This, perhaps, is the most convincing notion of salience among the three East African countries; confirming that formal opportunities for equal treatment of girl children ensure neither a shared starting point nor equal outcomes because of different cross-national milieus of change. In Uganda, the flagship of government initiative is the 1997 UPE which has since its launch spurred a big rise in the number of school girls across the country. The extension of the free education policy to 12 years represents Rwanda‟s best bid to attain gender equality; while the Go to School Initiative is South Sudan‟s rarest case of success in promoting access and participation but remains largely embryonic and sporadic. Cultural thinking, economic insecurity and social disadvantage immensely affect the way poor and rural households decide about investing in their girl children‟s education. There is need, therefore, to emphasize the intrinsic developmental value of education over and above the compulsion for productivity and employability. It is audaciously mistaken to establish that gender inequality could be altered by education or within the education system without restructuring sexual division of labour in the home and the market at large. To achieve gender equality in their education systems, Uganda, Rwanda and South Sudan must decode the cultural capital of their social classes and use that knowledge to empower women and girl children at the family and community levels while schools offer prospect. If these initiatives could be further institutionalised, resourced, and embedded in durable policy visions, it is possible for schools to become standard for broader societal transformation.

It is not hard to find plenty of children’s poetry in ancient China, exhibiting children’s creative contents and literary skills. Taking examples mainly from Fifty Selected Children's Poetry in Ancient China: English Translation and Appreciation, this paper applied the Three-Level Criteria of poetry translation by Dr. Wang Feng to analyze several English translations of children’s object-chanting poetry in ancient China. In children’s object-chanting poetry translation, at the macro-level, the criterion is Harmony; at the middle level, the theory of “resemblance in style, sense and poetic realm”; at the micro-level, the criteria of Eight Beauties, centered on the beauty of emotions and images. Based on these analyses, this paper aims to test the validity of the "Three-Level Criteria of poetry translation" and hopes to guide and promote the theoretical and practical studies on the English translation of children’s poetry in ancient China from a new perspective.

In vitro embryogenesis and plant regeneration were studied in date palm cultivar, Khalas using three osmotic agents (PEG, Mannitol, and Glucose) and NaCl for five different time periods ranging from 1 to 24 hrs. The highest frequency of somatic embryogenesis was recorded in the medium containing 15% PEG in the MS-culture medium. Similarly, the highest number of plantlets was also obtained on the regenerating medium containing PEG under elevated treatment time periods. Mannitol and glucose showed almost the same response at all treatment levels producing on an average 2 to 3 embryos per culture but did not had any positive effect on plant regeneration. Of all the osmtic agents, PEG proved to be better in producing more callus fresh and dry weights followed by mannitol indicating that at this stage these osmotica worked as non-metabolic osmotic agents. The use of NaCl as an osmotic agent produced the most adverse effects on callus fresh weight and embryogenesis, with no embryos formation at 12 and 24 h treatments. These studies revealed that elevated levels of PEG showed stimulating effects and helped in the production of more callus mass, somatic embryos and plantlets formation compared to other osmotic agents used.

Clear cell sarcoma of tendon and aponeuroses is extremely rare tumour, arises in deeper soft tissues, bound to tendons or aponeuroses. Despite histological similarity with cutaneous melanoma, it is distinct from it clinically, genetically. It is mainly seen between the ages 20 to 40 yrs and rarely occurs in children. Here we report a case of clear cell sarcoma of soft tissue arising in the left foot of a 12 year old child

Over the past two decades in Qatar, designers and planners focused on design merits of high-rise buildings and the impact on the skyline and the city image, discarding the integration of the buildings with the ground level. This research study investigates the sustainability and livability of the public realm within high-rise districts, focusing on the business district of West Bay, Doha, State of Qatar, as a case study. In West Bay, tall buildings have security gates and parking spaces on the ground level that weaken the livability and vitality of the street. Therefore, to enhance livability, the built environment should provide a vibrant social urban ground level. Insufficient parking spaces along with the lack of public transportation choices frustrate people and intensify the traffic congestion in West Bay. The lack of services and amenities within the residential towers accompanied with poor pedestrian circulation make it hard to perform everyday activities. The spatial segregation in West Bay translates into a distinct functional spatialisation. Also, most buildings in West Bay are single-use occupancy, with clusters of retail, services and catering activities, their spatialisation does not provide for an overlap of movement between the working occupants and the recreational ones. The research study aims to study the relationship between built environment and livability on the street level of the existing spatial environments on the micro urban scale of West Bay. Therefore, this research project aims to fill the gap in the literature regarding design-based research that provides solutions to existing limitations in the physical environment. The strategy includes a summary of the literature, site analyses and resultant design vision for a sustainable livable development concept for the study area, the business district of West Bay

The main purpose of this study is to explore the mediating role of occupational health & safety standard relationship between organizational innovation and business performance. Secondly, in order to get achieve this core objective of predictor direct and indirect relationship estimate on business performance. Methodology in this study was constructed mainly on the basis of quantitative method, where quantitative research estimated of essential to recover the knowledge base and measurement of vital aspects regarding the characteristics of management tools into test the hypotheses. This study has conducted been by stratified random sampling in which data were collected from Bangladesh ready-made garment factories. Data has been collected by survey questionnaire instrument. The data used that obtained from primary sources of survey questionnaire method. There are three hypotheses have been developed through literature review that tested using through correlation and liner regression analysis executed by SPSS 20.v software. Findings-while execution of survey data the mediating impact of occupational health & safety standard, it was found that statistically significant and positive impacts on the relationship between organizational innovation and business performance improved. Both predictors are highly correlation of each other with business performance to the significant and positive relationships. Recommendations- Further studies including with other standards can combine together to test and verifying the structural equation model concerning of measurement model and structural model fits.

Transfusion of Fresh frozen plasma is relatively common in neonatal intensive care units. Most common indications for transfusion being neonatal sepsis, deranged coagulation profile or co existence of both these conditions. However a universal protocol for FFP transfusion in neonates is lacking, leading to injudicious administration of FFP to neonates in many hospitals and thus exposing them to untoward risks of transfusion. This is our attempt towards analyzing the use of FFP in our neonatal intensive care unit and our compliance with the established guidelines (AIIMS protocol for FFP transfusion in neonates). Data was collected retrospectively of all the neonates who received FFP transfusions in our hospital from January 2014 to December 2017 and relevant analysis was performed. Most of the neonatal transfusions (93%) at our hospital during the study period were compliant with AIIMS guidelines. Most common indication for transfusion was bleeding manifestations followed by sepsis and deranged coagulation profile. However on analysis of pre and post transfusion coagulation parameters in these babies, no statistically significant improvement was seen. FFP was often used in accordance with the published guidelines in our study. However evidence based uniform guidelines need to be established and implemented to increase the benefit and minimise the risk associated with transfusion, especially in newborns.

Ankle fractures are the most common type of fractures treated by orthopedic surgeons in daily practice. Most of these fractures are complex type and difficult to manage. If not treated properly, may produce significant long-term disability and complications like pain, instability and early degenerative arthritis. Good functional results are obtained by surgical management of bimalleolar ankle fractures. Early weight bearing, and mobilization is achieved in these patients. This study was conducted at Prathima Institute of Medical Sciences, Karimnagar from January 2016 to December 2017. 40 adult patients with bimalleolar fractures of ankle who underwent open reduction and internal fixation were included in this study. Follow up was done at regular intervals of 6 weeks for minimum of 6 months. Baird and Jackson’s ankle scoring system of subjective, objective and radiographic criteria was used for the study. 24(60%) cases of medial malleolar fractures were fixed with malleolar screws, followed by cancellous screw in 4(10%) cases, tension band wiring in 10(25%) cases and K-wire in 2(5%) cases. 28(70%) cases of lateral malleolus were fixed with plate (24 with one-third tubular plate, 2 with 3.5mm DCP and 2 with 3.5mm recon plate) followed by malleolar screw in 4(10%) cases, Rush nail in 5(12.5%) cases and K wire/TBW in 3(7.5%) cases. Average time to union in our study was 10.4 weeks. However, most (80%) of the cases (80%) united by 8-12 weeks. Excellent results were achieved in 23(57.5%) cases, good results in 10(25%) cases, fair in 5(12.5%) cases and poor in 2(5%) cases. Open reduction and stable internal fixation of unstable bimalleolar ankle fractures restore the articular congruity of the ankle joint. Operative results in our study were satisfactory in 82.5% cases, with good to excellent functional outcome. Functional results were much better in younger age groups and men. Early weight bearing, and mobilization is achieved in these patients

Prostate gland of male reproductive system is about the size of walnut and surrounds the urethra. With increasing life expectancy, increasing awareness and better health services, lesions of prostate has become a common specimen received for diagnostic of both benign and malignant lesions which may have a very similar presentation but their management and prognosis is quite different. Most important investigation is the biopsy of the prostate. A histopathological study of features of the lesion gives best diagnosis. Our objective of study is to evaluate the spectrum and correlation of prostatic lesions with presenting complaints of the patient. It was a combined cross-sectional study conducted in Pathology Departments of both Bhaskar Medical College and Satya Diagnostic Centre, Himayath Nagar during the period from November 2015 to October 2017.

University academic society should be made aware that implementation of good governance does not only pose an obligation, but rather a necessity. Along with the increasingly fierce competitive situation, a University must consistently apply good university governance as a system attached to the university dynamics. Implementation of good governance values at universities can be integrated into a higher education culture. This research for the first year aims to identify the concept of the implementation of good governance at private universities in the city of Medan. This research is expected to increase efficiency, transparency, and consistency within private universities in Medan. In order to measure the implementation of the concept of Good Governance at the Private Universities in The city of Medan, the parameters of the aspects of transparency, participation, legal sovereignty or compliance with regulations, accountability, and effectiveness were used. The results of this study revealed that Good Governance has been implemented in Private University in The city of Medan and the aspects of transparency, participation, law supremacy or regulatory compliance, accountability, and effectiveness have well been implemented.