Unexplained infertility refers to the absence of a definable cause for infertility despite a thorough evaluation. Subtle abnormalities like mild endometriosis, minor tubal dysfunction as evidenced by presence of peritubal adhesions or partial fimbrial phimosis, endometrial defects, may be unearthed by thorough investigations in these couples labelled with unexplained infertility. Primary objective of the study was to determine if IVF outcomes in unexplained infertility are different from other cause of infertility like male or tubal factor infertility. Secondary objectives were to find out what intrinsic or extrinsic factors in unexplained infertility influence IVF results. Based upon these factors, to help in prognosticating couples with unexplained infertility before they enter IVF. The study was explained to all eligible couples undergoing IVF at centre. They were offered participation in study and given a patient information sheet to understand the study. Those who accepted to take part in the study were enrolled in study. After applying inclusion and exclusion criteria, three cohorts of unexplained, male and tubal are formed according to their indication of IVF cycle. Age of female partner was the only variable which showed statistically difference. Mean age of female partner of unexplained group was 34.12 ± 3.69 years, and of tubal & male group it was 33.00 ± 4.2years 3, 32.13 ± 3.69 years respectively (p value 0.047 < 0.05). Laparoscopy and hysteroscopy offered not only to establish the diagnosis but also helping couple knowing their chances of successful pregnancy in IVF

The existence of law enforcement agencies in the Republic is considered not as protectors and protectors, but often backfires and social problems because what is aspired are not by the reality. Nevertheless, the community continues to voice the law as what is desired even though sometimes it is ignored but still struggling. The law desired by society is necessarily a law that lives sociologically. At the level of investigation in the police, even if someone is suspected of having committed a minor criminal offense, the police will still apply the concept of the investigation by the prescribed criminal procedure law. In the current system of investigating criminal cases, the government continues to seek reasoning mediation against the background of thoughts that are associated with the ideas of renewal of criminal law (penal reform) and associated with the problem of pragmatism. The background of the ideas of "reforming reasoning" includes the idea of victim protection, technical ideas, the idea of restorative justice, the idea of overcoming rigidity/formality in the prevailing system, the idea of avoiding the adverse effects of the criminal justice system and the current criminal system, in particular in seeking other alternatives to imprisonment (alternative to imprisonment/alternative to custody). The problem that can be raised from this paper is how the position of a system of reasoning mediation in the police investigation system on objects and how the opportunities and prospects for the implementation of a penal mediation system as an effort to discuss criminal law in Indonesia. This research study is normative juridical research by looking at national criminal law as a rule or norm in the enforcement of criminal law. The researcher will see the principle of legality in national criminal provisions both in principle and in the application of law enforcement. In normative juridical research, the type of data used is secondary data obtained from library data.

Using the canine hookworm Ancylostoma caninum as model we aimed to investigate the anthelmintic activity of goat’s milk in vitro by describing in detail the nature of damage taking place cross sectionally in the worm cuticle after exposure to goat’s milk through careful observation by transmission electron microscope (TEM). Adult worms were obtained from routine culling of unwanted dogs from Selayang Municipal Council (MPS) animal detention center, Rawang, Malaysia. Fresh raw goat’s milk was used. Worms were cut into 1mm3 slices, fixed in 4% glutaraldehyde, washed with 0.1sodium cacodylate buffer, post fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide, washed again in 1%sodium cacodylate buffer, dehydrated in acetone, embedded in resin, polymerized, ultrathin cross section cut and stained with uranyl acetate before being viewed under transmission electron microscope. Goat’s milk resulted in worm cuticular damage in the form of irregularity and significant thinning similarly seen with cysteine proteinases mediated damage. Internal hypodermic changes were also observed in the form of mitochondrial degeneration which appeared as large vacuoles similarly seen in albendazole affected worms. Understanding anthelmintic mechanism through transmission electron micrography has provided critical information in developing novel therapies from natural products. It also provides basis for the consumption of goat’s milk as functional food for parasitic worm control.

Money laundering crime has become an essential link in crime. The perpetrators of crime hide the results of corruption in the financial system or various other forms of endeavor. The act of concealing the proceeds of crime or the funds obtained from the offense is intended to obscure the origin of the property. Various reasons to combat money laundering which could adversely impact the economy, either macro and micro, because it is corrosive to the economic fundamentals. At the macro level, either directly or indirectly, money laundering can disrupt various financial systems, social systems, and the political system of a country. All countries agreed that money laundering is a crime that should have confronted and eradicated. Therefore, it takes the role of various parties to introduce, prevent and eradicate money laundering. One of the branches of economics is the Development Economy, which basically questioned how the implementation of development, so that people get a better life through the fulfillment of their needs. That way can go well if any of the rules are agreed upon. Then the picture concludes that the law and the economy are mutually supportive. The law or regulation guarantees the needs of the community and the interaction of the good. The required Economic Law is a law capable of creating a climate and atmosphere that allows the government and the community to work together. In short, the Economic Law in question is the Economic Law that is able to establish cooperation between the government and all components of society

Changes in maternal lipids and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity occur during normal pregnancy. There is scarce data in regards to atherogenic indices and relationship of lipids with ALP during pregnancy. The study therefore aimed at determining serum lipid levels, atherogenic indices, and ALP activity as well as their relationship in normal pregnancies. The case-control study compared the parameters of second (n=37) and third (n=40) trimester pregnancies with normal pregnant controls (n=40) aged 18-35 years. Results showed a significant (P<0.0005) rise in the levels of total cholesterol (TC), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C), triglycerides (TGs), non-high density lipoprotein cholesterol (nHDL-C) and ALP in the pregnant women compared to anthropometrically matched non-pregnant women. A significant (P<0.02) rise in Castelli’s risk index (CRI-1), atherogenic coefficient (AC), TG/HDL-C, atherogenic index of plasma (AIP) was observed in the pregnant women compared to the matched controls. Pearson correlation showed a positive correlation of gestation age with ALP (r=0.365), TC (r=0.450), HDL-C (r=0.311), VLDL-C (r=0.338), TGs (r=0.338), and nHDL-C (r=0.291). A positive correlation of ALP was observed with TC (r=0.689), LDL-C (r=0.608), VLDL-C (r=0.231), TGs (r=0.231), and nHDL-C (r=0.647). The atherogenic indices neither correlated with gestation age nor ALP. The present study shows that serum lipids increase in association with ALP during normal pregnancy. We recommend further studies in women with complicated pregnancies to gain insights into the patho-physiology of the association

This is a cross sectional survey study of reward structure management and Employee Commitment of banking employees in Rivers State, Nigeria. The concern of the study is focussed on employees loafing and banking sector crises that has become an occurring decimal in Nigeria. A sampled population of 200 principal officers of selected banks under study was determined using Taro Yamane sample determination formula. Structured closed ended questionnaire was constructed to extract testable responses. The data gathered were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment Correlation coefficient statistics. The result of the analyses showed that there is a significant relationship between Reward Structure Management and Employee Commitment in Commercial Banks in Port Harcourt, Rivers State. It is concluded that better Reward Structure Management is one best approach to ensuring Employees Commitment in the banking sector. It is therefore recommended that for effectiveness and sustainable banking operations, the banking system actors should design a good Reward Structure Management that takes cognizance of team collaboration, goal achievement, profit sharing and organisational citizenship. These attributes, the study has shown portend greater employees‟ commitment that can give rise to innovativeness and loyalty in the banking sector.

Abstract: Struma ovarii is an ovarien teratoma which predominantly contains thyroid tissue. Because of its rarety, the diagnosis and the managment of the tumour have not been clearly defined. We report a case of malignant papillary struma ovarii not suspected in preopertive. The chirurgical treatment of our patient was total hysterectomie, bilateral salpingo-oophorectomie and biopsies comleted with thyroidectomie and radioactive iodine ablation wish was decided in multidisciplinary consultation meeting. Through this observation, we discuss the diagnositic, management and outcome features of these particular tumors.

One of the catastrophic aftermath effects of the Structural Adjustment Program is the continuous fluctuations in exchange rate in Nigeria. The possible spillover effects of exchange rate fluctuations on trade balance in the country have generated a serious concern among scholars in the recent time. However, mixed results have been observed from the past studies which created a vacuum in the literature in which this study would fill. Consequently, this paper employed Cointegration, Granger Causality and Fully Modified Least Squares (FMOLS) approach to address the objective of the study. The findings that originated from this study are as follows; the exchange rate fluctuations have a negative impact on imports in Nigeria, though not statistically significant. Meanwhile, the impact of exchange rate is positive on exports though not significant in Nigeria as well. Also, economic growth and exchange rate have an inverse relationship in the country. In the same vein, exchange rate has a negative impact on trade balance. Similarly, there is a unidirectional causal relationship between imports and exports in one hand, and exchange rate and economic growth on the other hand in Nigeria. This implies that exchange rate fluctuations have not been favourable to balance of trade and economic growth in Nigeria. Moreover, on the basis of the findings above, it is paramount this paper recommends the following; firstly, the policy makers in Nigeria should embark on policy measures that will ensure the stability of the country`s exchange rate. Also, the Nigerian government should put appropriate mechanism that will ensure the competitiveness of the locally made products both in Nigerian and the world markets. The government should have a political will to embark upon aggressive exports promotion of the locally produced goods in the country.

Pregnancy related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) contributes to 3.7% of overall acute kidney injury cases in Indian subcontinent. It is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. To find out the maternal and foetal outcome in cases of pregnancy related acute kidney injury. A total of 50 patients with PRAKI were enrolled in this hospital based observational study. Cases were divided according to KDIGO criteria and maternal and foetal outcome were analysed in relation to age, parity, pregnancy status, mode of delivery, etiological factors and need for dialysis. Out of 50 cases mortality was 14% (7 cases). Aetiology was found to be multifactorial with sepsis in majority of cases (92%) and maximum cases were in the postpartum period. All the expired cases belonged to multipara group and all having anaemia and toxaemia of pregnancy. Out of 17 dialysed patients 29.4% (5 cases) expired

This research aims to determine the effect of Good Corporate Governance (GCG) which proxied by the General Meeting of Shareholders (RUPS), Number of Commisioners (JDK), Number of Board Directors (JDD), Institutional Ownership (KI), and Audit Committee (KA) on profitability as measured by Operating Income Operating Costs (BOPO). The Sampling Technique used by this research is Purposive Sampling Technique which is using as many as 30 bank's Yearly Financial Reports that are listed in the Indonesian Securities Market on 2012-2016. Panel Data Regression used by this research as Data Analysis Method. This Research results show that the RUPS has a positive effect on BOPO as much as 6,546831 with a probability value of 0.0001 < 0.05. Means that RUPS had a significant effect on BOPO. The effect of JDK on BOPO is - 1.808941 with a probability value of 0.0725> 0.05, so the JDK has no significant effect on BOPO. The effect of JDD on BOPO shows the amount of -2.440531 with a probability value of 0.0159 <0.05, so it can be concluded that JDD has a significant effect on BOPO.The KI effects on BOPO is 2.576708 with a probability value is 0.0110 <0.05, so KI has a significant effect on BOPO.The KA effects on BOPO is 0.747203 with a probability value of 0.4562> 0.05, so it can be concluded that KA has no significant effect on BOPO. This means that every change of committee assuming other variables remain (Ceteris Paribus), then BOPO does not experience changes.

Hydatid disease is a global parasitic zoonosis with a very low incidence of 1 in 30,000 during pregnancy, with liver as the main organ to occur in it. Their diagnosis would depend on their clinical or radiological presentation, but the main problem during pregnancy would be their management. Here in, we present our case of accidently discovered liver hydatid cyst during pregnancy that was managed by albendazole therapy

The present aimed to assess the utility of serum transferrin receptor (sTfR) and sTfR -ferritin index in diagnosing iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in children. Ninety children≤ 12years of age with anemia (6-59 months; Hb<11g/dl and5-12years Hb<11.5g/dl) were recruited. Serum iron, total iron binding capacity, percent transferrin saturation (%TS) and serum ferritin were measured in all patients. Sixty-two children with IDA (SF<15µg/l and/or %TS<16) were included in the study. Thirty-five controls were also studied (non anemic children without ID). sTfR was measured (ELISA) in patients and controls and ROC curve made. sTfR was significantly (p<0.001) higher in patients (6.0 ± 2.9 µg/ml) as compared to controls (1.2 ± 0.6 µg/ml). sTfR-F index showed a similar trend. The area under the ROC curve for sTfR was 0.985 indicating good diagnostic ability. The sensitivity and specificity of sTfR ≥ 2.25 µg/ml for diagnosis of IDA was 90.3% and 94.1% respectively. sTfR and sTfR-ferritin index are useful tests for the diagnosis of IDA.

Introduction: Fingerprint patterns have been normally used for identification of an individual. The fingerprint design whorl might be winding, oval, roundabout or any assortment of a loop and record for around 30%. Arches are the basic type up till now uncommon (about 5%). As blood group system and dermatoglyphics have genetic inheritance, studies have shown that there is association between finger print pattern and blood group. Material and Methods: This is a prospective and single centre study was conducted among 90 subjects over a period of 6 months at Department of Anatomy and Physiology, Tertiary care Teaching Hospital. Inclusion criteria: Students who were aware of their blood group and whose age ranges between 17-25 years. Exclusion criteria: Individual with any hand deformity like permanent scars on fingers which may be congenital or acquired due to trauma on fingers. Individuals suffering from any chronic skin disease, having worn fingerprints or extra or bandaged fingers. Result: Of the 90 samples, 56 were males and 34 females, which correspond to 62.2% of male and the rest female. In this study, the maximum number of subjects were in the age group of 20-22 years which were 40% (n =36) of total followed by age group 17–19 years having 34.4% (n = 31) in this group and 25.5% were 23-25 years. In our study, the most of subjects had „O‟ Blood Group 43.3% (n =39) and least were AB Blood Group 7.7% (n = 7). It was observed that percentage of whorls was highest in B blood group (43.6%) and lowest in A blood group (37.3%). Also, percentage of arches in A blood group was highest (16.8%) as compared to lowest in O blood group (4.8%). Similarly, percentage of loops was highest in O blood group (51.80%) and lowest in AB blood group (46.0 %). Conclusion: The fingerprint used as a traditional, effective, and unique identification method of an individual, in future it allows researchers to investigate with various diseases other than those are raised with age but also helps to explore different antibodies or reactive process of human body in several diseases. Also, similar study helps to predict the risk of any kind of diseases in early age of an individual.

This study sought to compare the effects of debts on economic growth of Ghana and Nigeria. The specific objectives were to evaluate the impact of bilateral debt and also assess the impact of multilateral debts respectively on economic growth of Ghana and Nigeria. Ex-post facto research design was adopted for the study. Secondary data were sourced from Central Bank of Nigeria statistical bulletin, Debt management office Nigeria and Debt management division of ministry of finance Ghana. The regression analysis based on Ordinary least square (OLS) was used to test our null hypotheses. Two hypotheses were tested in the study. Findings from the study revealed that multilateral debts significantly impacted negatively on the economic growth of Ghana while its negative impact in Nigeria was not significant. Moreover, bilateral debt impacted significantly for Ghana but not for Nigeria. The study therefore concludes that the governments of Ghana and Nigeria should ensure that multilateral debts when contracted should be tied to self- liquidating projects and also for longer period of moratorium.

Fulminant myocarditis (FM) is a life-threatening disease with a rapid, progressive course of deterioration. The prognosis is favorable with appropriate management in the initial vulnerable stages. Here we report the first occurrence of FM in a healthy primigravid woman. We report the case of a previously healthy 30-year-old woman with FM in whom cardiac function normalized within 4 days with aggressive pharmacological support using positive inotropic drugs, intravenous steroids, high-dose immunoglobulin, and intravenous antibiotics. FM remains a challenging disease for diagnosis and treatment in clinical practice. This case serves to emphasize the importance of FM and its management. Myocardial failure due to FM can be reversible if treated early