Aim of this work was to compare properties of two etching gels produce by Kerr Orange and Spofa Dental. Etching gel are water solution of phosphoric acid using in total etch techniques. They are applicable on enamel surface for 30 seconds to make partially dissolving of hydroxyapatite crystals and increase mechanical adhesion between bonding agents and tooth structure. Materials and methods two commercial phosphoric acid gels (Kerr and Spofa Dental) were tested in consistency, thixotropic properties, water disintegration, force necessary for extrusion material from syringe, fil thickness. Results: Kerr materials has higher consistency, is less thixotropic compare to Spofa product, has longer time to dissolve (18 min), lower force necessary to extrusion 5 N and film thickness 4 microns. Conclusion: On the market exist etching gel based on different gelling agent organic gums or fumed silicas. Some clinician prefer material with higher viscosity for some application, other groups of practicing doctors are using less viscous materials.

This study critically examines the procurement Act 663, its impact on accountability and transparency of officers in the public sector. Specific research objectives were set to determine the laid down procedures for procurement Act; determine the competence of procurement staff in the procurement sector and to review the budgetary perspective of the procurement entity in Ghana. As methodology, the study adopted a quantitative research approach while employing a case study approach. Overall, 380 questionnaires were administered as well as face-to-face interviews conducted. The study findings revealed that the staff lacked professional knowledge on procurement service as the financial budget allocated for staff training was vastly inadequate. The study also revealed that a varied level of compliance existed among the procurement institute studied in respect of part II of the Act. It was also established that, whereas there was a high level of compliance in areas of well-established tender committees among significant others, prior mandatory days before scheduled date for meetings and professional expertise in procurement practice showed relatively low compliance. Furthermore, even though high education levels were indicated in the study; little was revealed about the acquisition of professional qualification in procurement among staff in the entity. The study recommends among others that an operational manual for procurement Act should be given to all procurement staff to guide and make them conversant with the procedures that guide procurement profession.

The choroidal macular neovascularisation (NVC) of the young subject is a serious condition that threatens visual function. The decrease in marked visual acuity is related to the foveolar or juxta-foveolar localization of the neovessels. The therapeutic management of idiopathic NVC of the young subject is difficult due to frequent recurrences despite the treatment. The use of anti-VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) represented a turning point in the management of this condition. The intravitreal (IVT) injection of bevacizumab appears to be effective and well tolerated.

Pregnancy related acute kidney injury (PRAKI) contributes to 3.7% of overall acute kidney injury cases in Indian subcontinent. It is a major cause of maternal and foetal morbidity and mortality in developing countries. To find out the maternal and foetal outcome in cases of pregnancy related acute kidney injury. A total of 50 patients with PRAKI were enrolled in this hospital based observational study. Cases were divided according to KDIGO criteria and maternal and foetal outcome were analysed in relation to age, parity, pregnancy status, mode of delivery, etiological factors and need for dialysis. Out of 50 cases mortality was 14% (7 cases). Aetiology was found to be multifactorial with sepsis in majority of cases (92%) and maximum cases were in the postpartum period. All the expired cases belonged to multipara group and all having anaemia and toxaemia of pregnancy. Out of 17 dialysed patients 29.4% (5 cases) expired

Fatigue is often cited as a contributing factor in air incidents and accidents. Usually, the words "fatigue" and "sleepiness" are used by aircrew to describe the same feelings, a questionnaire has been developed for subjective level assessment of fatigue and sleepiness among Moroccan aircrew. A 4-month prospective study including all aircrew (civilian, military) and air traffic controllers was conducted at the Aero-medical center of Rabat during their review visit. The questionnaire included the Pichot scale for fatigue and Epworth scale for sleepiness. It was filled anonymously. Out of more than 400 cards distributed, only 200 were exploitable. 23% of the subjects in the study had moderate fatigue. 6.5% of the sample presented moderate sleepiness and 4.5% had excessive daytime sleepiness. These two states seem to be preponderant in young aircrew population especially cabin crews. The occurrence of fatigue and daytime sleepiness in aircrew especially at the beginning of their career can be explained by the difficulty of adapting to aeronautical constraints. It is important to remember the countermeasures of fatigue to preserve aviation safety

The purpose of this study was to find out the effect of trust, security, quality of service and perceived risks on online purchasing decisions. To investigate thehypotheses of the research, data were collected through distributing questionarre with a samplesize of 385 samples.The questionnaire consisted of a list of statements submitted to respondents to obtain data relating to research. The methodology was conducted usingStructural Equation Modeling (SEM) program, and LISRELsoftware to perform factor analysis. The study revealed that trust variable on online Purchasing Decisions (PD) had positive and not significant effect with t-value of 1.38 and the estimated value of 0,19. The effect of Security Variable on Purchasing Decisions (PD) had a positive and not significant effect with t-value of 0.87 and estimated value of 0.12. The effect of Quality of Serivice (QS) on Purchase Decisions (PD) had a positive and significant effect with t-value of 6.03 and estimated value of 0.37. The effect of the Perceived Risk Variable on Purchasing Decisions (PD) had a positive and significant effect with t-value of 5.82 and estimated value of 0.44. The Quality of Serivice (QS) variable had a dominant effect on online purchasing decisions through Social Networking Websites compared to the Perceived Risk variables, Trust Variables and Security Variables

Mental health disorder is one of the major health problems, which requires early & effective treatment. WHO global burden of disease 2001 estimates four main psychiatric causes leading to disability, which is Depression, Alcohol abuse, Schizophrenia & Bipolar disorder. Although current psychotropic medicines have remarkable effect on mental illnesses, their utilization in clinical practice needs to be done regularly hence, current study aims to observe the utilization and prescribing pattern of various drugs used in department of psychiatry, according to various WHO drug use indicators. It is a prescription based prospective, observational study conducted on 1200 prescriptions of patients attending department of psychiatry for 18 months. Total of 3632 drugs were prescribed in 1200 prescriptions analyzed, where 48.4% (581) were males and 51.6% (619) were females, majority of the patients 56.25% (675) belonged to age group of 21-40yr, 85.67% (1028) individuals were married. Out of total drugs prescribed 2971 (81.80%) were psychotropic drugs. Average no. of total drugs & psychotropic drugs prescribed per encounter was 3.03 & 2.48 respectively. 1680 (46.26%) drugs were prescribed from the WHO EDL formulary (2016), all the drugs were prescribed by brand names, percentage of prescriptions with injectable drugs accounted for 4.75%. Polytherapy (>5drugs) was observed only in few prescriptions 26 (2.17%). This study advocated an overall rational utilization of psychotropic drugs with fewer deviations due to the prescription practices of healthcare providers, which needs an improvement, to ensure rational use of drugs.

Spinal trauma is very common in orthopedic practice. There is a debate as to whether the surgical or conservative approach is more effective in the treatment of spine fractures. We in the present study tried to evaluate the outcomes of patients with spinal fractures treated with the conservative treatment and surgical treatment and overall outcome of treatment in the patients. Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study conducted in the Department of orthopedics, MGM hospital attached to Kakatiya Medical College. A total of 30 patients were included in the study of which (n=15) patients were treated with conservative treatment based on the presentation of fractures and similarly (n=15) were taken for operative treatment depending on the type of fractures. A Detailed history of the injury was obtained they were clinically and radiologically evaluated for the thoracolumbar fracture. The radiographs included the anteroposterior and lateral views. Laboratory investigations were carried out before the surgery. CT and MRI scans were carried out to evaluate the relationship and instability of the spine. Results: The L1 vertebra was the most common to get fractured and most of the fractures (74%) were appeared at T12 and L1. AO type, A fractures were only studied with the majority of the fractures (66.6) were falling into AO type A3 (burst fractures). DENIS pain scale scores in conservative treatment, category 8 (53.3%) of patients were in the P3 category similarly in operative treatment 46.67 % of patients were in P1 category...

The malignant hyperthermia is a rare autosomal dominant disease of the skeletal muscles. Triggered by volatile anesthetics and succinylcholine which leads to excess release of calcium from sarcoplasmic reticulum that leads to hypermetabolic status of the body and it could be fatal. The incidence between 1:10000 and 1:250000 anesthetics. It is more common in males than females, and the young more than old people. MH cause by mutation in RYR1, CACHA1S or STAC3 genes. Symptoms of MH are muscle rigidity, tachycardia, hypercapnia, hypoxemia and hyperthermia. The symptoms of MH could be mistaken by other conditions and therefore delay the treatment. Treatment is by stopping the triggering agent, symptomatic treatment to prevent complications and the only pharmacological agent that reverses the MH is Dantrolen. IVCT is the gold standard to diagnose MH but it is invasive. Genetic testing is less invasive and also help in diagnosis of MH and identification of the affected gene, but it does not replace IVCT.

Turnover Intention is the desire of the merchant to quit his job. The purpose of this study is to determine the direct influence of independent variables of leadership, compensation and workload of the dependent variable is turnover intention. This research was conducted at PT Karya Utama Perdana, with 113 respondents from total population of 162 employees. In determining the sample of this study, the authors use the formula slovin and data collection is done through interviews and questionnaires. Then on the data analysis, the authors used multiple linear regression analysis techniques that were processed using SPSS software version 24, so the results obtained further indicate that leadership has significant effect on turnover intention, compensation has no effect and not significant to turnover intention, and workload significantly influence to turnover intention.

Nasal obstruction (NO) is defined as a single or bilateral nasal breathing disorder, recent or old, permanent or intermittent. It is a frequent problem in pediatrics and underestimated because of the absence of complaint in young children or unknown when the complaint is unilateral [1]. Although the majority of causes of ON belong to the infectious pathology, one must know to think of a syndrome malformative or tumoral [2]. The ON can cause significant troubles both locally and generally [1]. It is necessary to objectify the cause quickly especially in the newborn because of the vital consequences that this obstruction can cause [1].

The basic aim of our study was to develop and evaluate the polyherbal soap by using different extracts (extracts of neem leaves, papaya leaves, aloe leaves, turmeric and tulsi leaves) having greater antioxidant and antimicrobial potential. Pre-eminently, basic soap was prepared using Coconut oil and NaOH (lye) and the different extracts were incorporated into the basic saponification reaction. The herbal formulation thus prepared was then consigned for the evaluation testing for the analysis of pH, Moisture content, foaming ability, foam retention time, saponification, Total Fatty Matter determination and antimicrobial activity. The results demonstrated that pH 7.5 – 8, moisture contents 8.6%, foam retention time 1.20 minutes, Saponification value was 210.375 mg/ml, 30% TFM for polyherbal soap. Also the evaluation tests showed that the poly herbal soap has satisfactory antimicrobial results as compared to standard antibiotic. Some human infections which are majorly caused due to wounds, acne or blisters; these strains of microorganisms are of greater benefit. Moreover, oils and extracts used are added to treat various skin infections and are perfect for daily usage.

The aim of the study was to study effectiveness of inhalation sevoflurane with the laryngeal mask airway (LMA) in children undergoing surgeries below umbilicus. Thirty premedicated children 3-12 years old with the American Society of Anaesthesiologists physical status of I to II were enrolled and received induction with sevoflurane 7% by face mask and maintained with 50% oxygen and 50% nitrous oxide mixture followed by 1.7% sevoflurane with LMA. Demographic data, induction time, number of attempts, LMA insertion, removal and recovery times, haemodynamic parameters, complications, Aldrete score and child’s behaviour score were recorded. LMA insertion was successful at the first attempt in 93% with sevoflurane. LMA insertion, removal and recovery times were (1.26±0.36, 2.76±0.51, 5.16±1.6 minutes respectively). Perioperative minor complications were there. Recovery milestones including Aldrete score in the group was (9.03) t 5 minutes and comparable at 15 and 30 minutes. There was a greater incidence of excitatory phenomena with sevoflurane. Haemodynamics were studied. Sevoflurane provided short LMA insertion, removal and recovery times in children undergoing minor surgeries below umbilicus with little perioperative complications. Agitation was seen with sevoflurane.

Gender based violence is rising. Bangladesh stands second in the world in terms of violence against women in different forms like women battering, wife beating, domestic and dowry-related violence, acid attack, rape, physical and verbal harassment, fatwa, sexual harassment in the workplace, trafficking and prostitution, polygamy and child abuse. The rate of violence against women has dropped by 4.9 percent in between the years 2011 and 2015. Abusing rate was 87.1 per cent in 2011 which came down to 82.2 percent in 2015 and in the Daily Star newspaper came down to 80 percent in 2016. Around 72.6 per cent of women who are married in Bangladesh experience one or more such forms of violence it the hands of their husbands at least once during their marriage and 49.6 percent of lifelong married women suffered physical violence, 28.7 percent emotional violence, 27.2 percent sexual violence and 11.4 percent financial violence according to the Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. Gender discrimination also leads to women having less opportunity. The literacy rate for women in Bangladesh is only 43.2%, while 61.0% of Bangladeshi men are literate. The unemployment rate for women is 70.7%, much higher than the 12.4% unemployment rate for men. Most of the victims, around 39.7 percent, of forced or coerced sexual intercourse, are aged between 15 and 19. Child marriage that legitimizes sexual abuse of minors must be stopped immediately. The government should enhance legal and criminal justice systems to prevent further violence and need interventions to change male attitudes.

Skeletal muscle metastases are an exceptional mode of revelation of broncho-pulmonary cancers, we report a case of a patient with lung cancer disclosed by skeletal muscle metastasis. The patient consulted for a painful mass of the left calf with significant weight loss, the medical imagery shows an intramuscular process and the ultrasonography guided biopsy shows an infiltration of the muscle with metastatic adenocarcinoma, immunohistochemical patterns suggested the pulmonary origin, the treatment included muscle resection and chemotherapy. Skeletal muscles metastases from lung cancer are rare and although indicative of a poor prognosis, the treatment is poorly codified and differs from case to case.