Wilms’ tumor is the commonest renal tumor occurring in 1:10000 children worldwide. One of the important determinants of outcome in childrens are Histopathological features it helps in assessing prognosis and treatment. It is a retrospective study 60 children found to have wilms’ tumor. In our study all cases showed favourable histology 100%, triphasic pattern was seen in 43.3% and monophasic pattern accounted for 56.6% of which the epithelial predominance was seen in 38%, blastemal in 44% and FWRT in 18% which is helpful in assessing outcome of children with wilms’ tumor.

In a recent article Morton et al. reported about a new-born female with mitochondrial disorder(MID) due to a mutation in the AIFM1 gene on chromosome Xq26.1 encoding for a mitochondrial matrix protein with oxidoreductase activity involved in electron transport, apoptosis, ferredoxin metabolism, reactive oxygen species generation, and immune system regulation. The patient obviously manifested also in the lungs with follicular bronchiolitis and hypertrophic walls of pulmonary arteries. Overall, this interesting report could be enriched by genetic investigation of the aunt with multiple sclerosis, a more detailed description of the nerve conduction and electromyographic studies, revision of the cerebral MRIs, prospective investigations of clinically unaffected organs, and by excluding autonomic neuropathy

Citizenship education essentially prepares students as citizens as well as good citizens. The learning process must be understood as part of the process of civilizing students so that it becomes a cultured and ethical human person. Thus the development of morality in the learning process is expected to be carried out through the planting of values in students so that they have attitudes and behavior in accordance with the ethics that apply in society. This study aims: (1) To find out data on morality development of students through citizenship education, (2) To determine the contribution of morality guidance through civic education to student ethics, and (3) To determine whether there is influence in morality education through ethics education students. This research uses descriptive quantitative approach method, which was carried out at North Gunungsitoli Junior High School Student. The population is a total of 38 students in class VIII. The entire population is at the same time determined as the research sample (total sampling). To get the data, a questionnaire instrument was used, both for morality development and student ethics. Moral guidance through citizenship education is still classified as not so too student ethics are classified as poor with an average questionnaire value of 57.84. The contribution of morality guidance through citizenship education to student ethics is 73.27%. There is the influence of morality coaching through citizenship education on student ethics, this is based on hypothesis testing using the t-test results obtained t-value = 9.935 greater than t-table = 1.689 In line with the findings of this study, researchers provide several suggestions, among others (1) Teachers should be in the learning process citizenship education provides exemplary and moral guidance to students. (2) Citizenship education subject teachers should develop students' awareness to uphold the ethics that apply in society. (3) Teachers should not make punishment as the only tool to provide guidance to students.

By Universal adoption of first and second trimester screening, the rate of detection of congenital anomalies has been improved with sensitives ranging up to 85-90%, but their detection at an advanced gestational age becomes a dilemma for the patient as well as the obstetrician. With this article we share our experience, dilemma and doubts about some of these rare surgically correctable anomalies managed at our institute

This study dealt with finding the topics perceived to be difficult in Biology by Senior School students in Isoko North Local Government Area of Delta South Senatorial District of Delta State. The researchers adopted descriptive survey research design in carrying out this study. Six research questions were formulated to guide the study. The population of the study was 904 Senior School III students. 200 (130 female and 70 male) Senior School III formed the sample. The instrument used for data collection was Student‟s Perception on the Difficult Topics in Biology. Cronbach Alpha statistic revealed that the reliability index of the instrument was 0.81. The instrument contained Biology topics as contained in West African Senior School Certificate Examinations Syllabus and Regulations, which the respondents responded to on the basis of Very Difficult, Difficult, Very Easy and Easy and rated as 4, 3, 2 and 1, respectively. The percentage statistic was used to analyse data, using 50% as the cut-off. The result of the analysis among others was that nervous coordination was perceived as the most difficult topic in Biology by both the male and female Senior School students in Isoko North Local Government Area, Delta State. Recommendations were given to improve teaching and learning strategies.

The aims of the research are to analyze the effect of Profitability, Cost Efficiency and Assets Growth on Fund Adequacy Ratio of the Employer Pension Fund with Defined Benefit Pension Program. This research is quantitative research the causal approach uses secondary data and panel data regression analysis method. The research results prove that Return on Investment (ROI), Return on Assets (ROA) and Assets Growth have significant effect on the Fund Adequay Ratio of The Employer Pension Fund of Defined Benefit Program, but have not been able to prove that Cost Efficiency influences on the Fund Adequacy Ratio of The Employer Pension Fund of Defined Benefit Pension Program.

This study was conducted to assess prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injury among primary school children in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA). This was a cross-sectional study based on clinical examination. It was conducted at private and public schools of Riyadh. 400 schoolchildren aged 8-11 years old were selected. Traumatic Dental Injury was recorded using epidemiologic classification adopted by (WHO) 1992 and modified by Andreasen et al. The data obtained were compiled systematically and then statistically analyzed; study revealed the prevalence of Traumatic Dental Injury (TDI) in primary schools of Riyadh was 13.6%, also showed higher prevalence in public schools than in private schools (7.3% vs 6.3%), 9 year old children had the highest prevalence of TDI (6.04%), followed by 8 years old children (5.8%). Maxilla scored higher prevalence of TDI than mandible (10.8 % vs 0.76%) and both Central & Lateral incisor teeth are the most commonly affected anterior teeth. Enamel fracture was the most common traumatic injury (48.1%). This study recorded low prevalence of TDI among primary school children, and recommended periodic oral health education programs targeting causes and methods of prevention of TDIs.

Purpose of the study: This study was undertaken to evaluate histopathological spectrum of endometrial cancer in women undergoing surgery for carcinoma endometrium in a tertiary hospital in South India for a period of 5 years (2007-2012). Design: It is retrospective study. Setting: This study was revive of medical records in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology in collaboration with the Department of medical record section, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, from January 2007 to December 2012. Population: The subjects included 121 women who underwent surgery for carcinoma endometrium during the study period. Materials and Methods: The medical records of all patients who underwent surgery for carcinoma endometrium were revived. Stage of the disease, surgery performed, co-existing risk factors like diabetes, hypertension and obesity, prophylactic antibiotics, intra operative and postoperative studied. Main outcome measures: Out of the 121 women who underwent surgery for endometrial carcinoma, majority 47 (39%) of them were in the age group of 51-60 years. Majority of women (94%) presented with postmenopausal bleeding. All 121 patients underwent extrafascial hysterectomy and bilateral salpingooopherectomy. Surgicopathological staging showed majority early stage. Mean duration of hospitalization was 14 days and 66 patients received postoperative radiotherapy. Results: In our study majority were endometriod adenocarcinoma (91.74%), followed by serous carcinoma (4.13%) and mixed cell carcinoma (1.65%) with least being leomyosarcoma (0.83%). Complex atypical hyperplasia was present in 0ne patient (0.83%). Conclusion: Endometriod adenocarcinoma is most common histopathological type of carcinoma endometrium in south India

Gullies proliferate the landscape of the Ajalli Sandstones (AS) geological formation in the North Central Nigeria. This study was carried out to assess the vulnerability to gully erosion of the Ajalli Sandstones geological sediments, and to examine the relationship between gully length and average gully sediment volume on this formation. Soil samples, collected from each sidewall of 15 gully erosion sites at two depth ranges, the rilling depth, d1 (0 – 60 cm) and the gullying depth, d2 (60 – 120 cm), were tested to determine their particle size distribution using the hydrometer method as well as compute their erodibility indices (K). Further, samples were collected using sampling tubes to determine the soils’ dry bulk density (DBD). Additionally, 37 gullies developed on the AS formation were measured to determine their lengths (L), average widths (W), and average depths (D). From each gully, three additional variables of average gully sediment volume (V), average cross sectional area (A), and average form factor (W/D) were computed. For the two respective depth ranges, the particle size distributions, the K values, and the DBD as well as the sets of six variables of L, W, D, C, A, and W/D from each gully were analysed using descriptive statistics. And the pairs of L and V for each gully were further analysed using inferential statistics to examine their relationship. Results show that the rilling depth (d1) and the gullying depth (d2) are both highly erodible with the mean %sand d1 + %siltd1 = 95%, %clayd1 = 5%, Kd1 = 24.40, and DBDd1 = 1.31 g/cm3; and the mean %sandd2 + %siltd2 = 82%, %clayd2 = 18%, Kd2 = 8.40, and DBDd2 = 1.34 g/cm3. The cross sectional shape of the gullies formed on the AS is trapezoidal. The mean W/D ratio on this formation is 1.46. This shows that the surface soil is eroding faster than the subsurface soil. The length is significantly, positively, but moderately correlated with the average sediment volume. And a simple bivariate regression shows that the relationship between gully length and the average gully sediment volume is of the form: V = 27,066.643 + 147.213L (R = 0.503, R2 x 100 = 25.30%). The study also shows that gully length is a moderate predictor of average sediment volume on homogeneous, erodible formations.

Objectives: This study was undertaken to compare the urine protein to creatinine ratio with 24-hour urine protein estimation in pregnancy complicated by hypertension and to establish the cut-off value of the urine protein to creatinine ratio for predicting significant 24-hour proteinuria. Design: This is a comparative study and consists of a single group of 240 subjects. Setting: This study was conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology in collaboration with the Department of Biochemistry, JIPMER, Pondicherry, India, from February 2011 to January 2013. Population: The subjects included 240 pregnant women admitted after 20 weeks of gestation to the JIPMER hospital with hypertension (≥140/90 mmHg). Patients with known cases of renal diseases, diabetes and urinary tract infection were excluded. Methods: A first voided morning sample was obtained for urine protein and creatinine estimation and urine culture. Subsequent urine samples were collected for the 24-hour urine protein estimation. Main outcome measures: The spot urine protein to creatinine ratio and 24-hour urine protein were significantly correlated (r=0.98; P<0.0001). The cut-off value for the protein to creatinine ratio as an indicator of protein excretion ≥300 mg/day was 0.285. The sensitivity and specificity were 100% and 99.02%, respectively. The positive and negative predictive values were 100% and 99%, respectively. Results: The cut-off value for the protein to creatinine ratio as an indicator of protein excretion ≥300 mg/day was 0.285 with significant correlation. Conclusion: The spot urine protein to creatinine ratio is valuable for clinical purposes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of school language policy on pupils‟ achievement in English composition in public primary schools in Trans-Nzoia West sub-county. The study adopted the descriptive survey research design. The target population was 1,715 class 8 pupils, 120 teachers of English and 9l head teachers. Purposive sampling techniques were employed to select 73 head teachers and 92 teachers of English who were involved in the study. The 313 pupils who participated in the study were selected using proportionate stratified sampling procedures. Data were collected using the teachers‟ questionnaires, the head teachers‟ interview schedule and pupils‟ English composition achievement test. The content and face validity of the three instruments were examined by the researcher in consultation with experts from the department of Curriculum and Education Management of Laikipia University. The English teachers‟ questionnaire and the English composition achievement test were piloted in 5 schools in Kwanza Subcounty and their reliabilities estimated using the Cronbach coefficient alpha method and the Kuder-Richardson 21 formula respectively. The reliability coefficients of English teachers‟ questionnaire and the English composition achievement test were .898 and .916 respectively. Data were analyzed with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22. The hypothesis was tested at the .05 level of significance using simple regression. The results of the study revealed that school language policy influences pupils‟ achievement in English composition. The results of the study should assist teachers to manage and improve the quality of instruction in English composition. The results of the study should also help the policymakers in the Ministry of Education Science and Technology to develop a suitable language policy for implementation in all schools in Kenya.

This complete enumeration, cross-sectional, descriptive study was conducted in a slum area of Kalwa, in Thane city, Maharashtra state, India. Anthropometric measurements were carried out on 326 pre-school children (girls: n=146; 44.78% and boys: n=180; 55.22%) aged between 3 and 5 years, so that interventional measures could be initiated. Amongst the study participants, the gender differences in weight-for-height, body mass index and mid upper arm circumference was not statistically significant. When compared with Child Growth Standards of the Indian Association of Paediatrics, both the body mass index and mid upper arm circumference were significantly lower in both sexes, across the three age groups. The present study revealed the ubiquitous existence of under-nutrition without significant gender-related bias among pre-school children. Since under-nutrition in childhood is related to slower cognitive development and substantial deleterious health effects later in life, it is necessary to undertake a multi-pronged approach comprising maternal nutrition education, promotion of infant and young child feeding practices and nutritional supplementation programmes

This study seeks to analyze how cartoons depicted Kenyan political scenario during electioneering period from April 2017 to April 2018. The objectives of the study is to find out how Kenyan electioneering period was framed in political cartoons through the use of metaphors a clear picture can be constructed by performing a content analysis that reveal what type of frames were dominants and which kind of metaphor were used. An analysis of 24 cartoons from four major print media that is The standard, Daily Nation and the Star between April 2017 and April 2018 portraying Kenyan election period was analyzed in order to find out which frames were prominent during the Kenyan political period and to evaluate metaphors that cartoonist used to pass out the message. A deductive approach with possible frames predetermined as variables to verify the extent to which these frames occur in the news was used; therefore five frames distinguished are: conflict frames, human interest frames, responsibility frame, economic consequences frame and morality frame were used. Giles theory of conceptual blending where metaphorical scenario and frame are combined was used to analyze 24 political cartoons. Responsibility frame was the dominant frame. The metaphorical scenario of a fight was the most recurrent metaphor used in the cartoons of Kenyan election period. The findings of this research show that political leaders are responsible for igniting and ending political crisis in Kenya. The study will contribute on research about framing as visual metaphors and provide a contribution towards an analytical tool for cartoons.

Blood transfusion saves so many lives but there is an imbalance between the supply and demand of blood. The WHO policy is to achieve 100% non renumerated voluntary blood donation practice in 2020¹. It can be improved and achieved by analysing the knowledge, attitude and practice towards blood donation among routine blood donors, paramedical students, medical students and common people in Sivagangai district

Fungal corneal ulcers usually difficult to diagnose and treat especially in primary and secondary hospital level and abrupt use of antibiotics and steroids lead to resistance to treatment. Our study realized that while treating a recalcitrant deep fungal keratitis in combination with intrastomal injection of voriconazole along with use of topical voriconazole eye drop increases the healing rate and hastens the resolution period without significant complications leading to severe visual loss as compared to the treatment with use of topical voriconazole eye drop alone