A single renal artery to each kidney is present approximately 70% of individuals. The arteries vary in their level of origin and in their calibre, obliquity and in their precise relations. Near the renal hilum, each artery divides into anterior and posterior divisions and these divide into segmental arteries supplying the renal vascular segments. The materials were 35 formalin fixed cadavers irrespective of the sex which were used for the routine dissection of the undergraduate students in the Department of Anatomy. Single renal artery was observed in 71.42% originating from abdominal aorta. Accessory renal arteries were seen in 27.14% originating from abdominal aorta. Extrahilar branches arising from renal arteries were observed in 27.15% 0f the specimens studied. The knowledge of the possible variations of renal arteries is necessary during renal transplantation surgeries, urological procedures and angiography of the renal arteries.

To investigate knowledge and practices towards preventive dentistry among undergraduate dental students and interns in Qassim university. 1. To assess the level of knowledge of preventive measures in dentistry among undergraduate dental students and interns in Qassim university. 2. To evaluate the practices of undergraduate dental students and interns in Qassim university in preventive dentistry. A ninety seven participants were involved in this study 28 third year students, 25 fourth year students, 24 fifth year students and 19 dental interns. The questionnaire was adopted from previous similar studies carried out in Nairobi dentists and Iranian dentists. Conclusions Based on the findings of this study, the following was concluded: 1. Undergraduate students and dental interns in Qassim University had vast knowledge towards preventive dentistry. 2. Undergraduate students and dental interns in Qassim University carried out most of the practices involved in preventive dentistry.

Abstract: Sepsis is a clinical syndrome that complicates severe infection and is characterized by inflammation and widespread tissue injury. The clinical process usually begins with infection, which potentially leads to sepsis and organ dysfunction [1]. It is estimated that puerperal sepsis causes at least 75,000 maternal deaths every year, mostly in low-income countries [2]. To assess specific management of maternal sepsis in High Dependency unit (HDU) and its impact on maternal outcome. Prospective study carried out at HDU in Gauhati Medical College (GMCH) and Hospital from 1st June 2017- 30th July 2018.All patients with sepsis admitted to HDU during the period of study were studied for their response to management and outcome is evaluated. Out 74 patients with sepsis admitted to HDU, 42 expired due to severe sepsis, septic shock or MODS. The total number of maternal deaths during the study period was 148 due to various causes and the total number of live births was 15802. So maternal sepsis was responsible for 28 % of maternal deaths. The calculated MMR for the period of study was 936/ lakh live births and calculated MMR for maternal sepsis was 265 / lakh live births. From this study it can be concluded that sepsis is an important cause of maternal morbidity and mortality. A positive blood culture and the antibiotic susceptibility testing of the isolates are the best guide in choosing the appropriate antimicrobial therapy in treating sepsis. Blood and blood products, vasopressors also plays important role as adjunctive treatment of sepsis.

The purpose of this study was to examine the contributions of physical facilities on effective management of public secondary schools in Uriri Sub-county, Migori County, Kenya. The research question was; How does thephysical facilitiescontribute to the management of public secondary schoolsin Uriri Sub-County, Migori County, Kenya? The study employed survey design. The study population included all head teachers, all PA chairpersons and all BOM members in the 18 public secondary schools. Purposive sampling was employed in the study. The sample therefore comprised of 18 principals, 18 PA chairpersons and 64 BOM members. Data was collected by use of questionnaires and interview guide. Four of the schools outside the study area was used in piloting the study to act as pre-test to the instruments of data collection to ensure their reliability. Face validity of the instruments was determined by three experts in the department of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, Rongo University Collegeand the impressions on the instruments improved based on the supervisors‟ advice before using them for data collection. Quantitative data was analyzed by use of descriptive statistics in form of frequency counts, percentages. Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) software was used for data analysis. Findings revealed that there was a problem in cooperation among the members caused by lack of team work and financial knowledge which was 51 (85.0%). It was recommended that the BOM members should be involved in regular financial training and budgeting.

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSME) sector plays a significant role in fostering entrepreneurial talent and distribution of income & wealth at grassroots level. It contributes immensely in manufacturing output, exports, generation of employment and gross domestic product. The contribution of female entrepreneurs cannot be ignored in this sector, especially in rural areas where they have strengthen the rural economy by generating employment in micro enterprises. But the growth of the female entrepreneurship has been slow owing to social attitudinal and practical problems. This paper focuses on the status of female entrepreneurs in regard to analysis of the findings of the NSS 73rd Round of NSSO, related to female entrepreneurs. It examines the obstacles of women entrepreneurs and the initiatives taken for the growth and development of women entrepreneurship. Finally suggestions have been specified for obliterating the hindrances and creating better environment for nurturing female entrepreneurship.

This study sought to establish the influence of participation in games on academic achievement across gender in secondary schools in Rongo Sub-County. The study adopted descriptive survey and correlation designs. The study population included 50 head teachers, 50 games teachers and 2000 Form Four students. The sample size was as follows: 350 form four students participating in games, 175 boys and target population. 175 girls which was 33% of the Face validity of the instruments was determined by three experts in the department from Rongo University. Test-retest method was used to establish the reliability of the instruments which was found to be 0.89 An independent t-test was performed to compare the academic achievement of girls and boys participating in games. The study found out that there was no significant difference in academic achievement among girls and boys participating in games (t 348) =0.752, p=0.453) moreover, the differences in academic achievement is however independent of the sex of the students. Girls who participate in games are likely to achieve just as much as boys who participate in games. The study concluded that Secondary schools need not discriminate on gender while participating in any games programs. The study recommended that all students should be encouraged to participate in games irrespective of their gender. The researcher paid keen attention to research ethical issues and got the informed consent of the respondents and guarded against plagiarism and ensured confidentiality.

This study was designed to investigate the levels of blood glucose and hemoglobin among malaria infected students in Nnamdi Azikiwe University, Nnewi, Anambra State, Southeast Nigeria. A total of 100 participants (75 malaria infected and 25 control subjects) aged between 18 and 30 years were randomly recruited for the study. Thereafter, 5mls of blood sample each was collected from the subjects and dispensed in unit quantity into fluoride oxalate and EDTA bottles respectively for the determination of malaria parasites, hemoglobin (Hb) and fasting blood glucose levels respectively using standard laboratory methods. The results revealed no significant difference in the mean fasting blood glucose level (p>0.05), but there was a significant decrease in the mean hemoglobin level in malaria infected students than in control (p=0.000) respectively. Also, there was no significant difference in the mean values of fasting blood glucose level obtained between students with heavy malaria infection and those with moderate malaria parasitemia (p>0.05), while the mean hemoglobin level observed in the students with heavy malaria parasitemia was significantly lower compared with students with moderate malaria parasitemia (p=0.000). The implication of this finding is that malaria infection depletes the hemoglobin level in infected persons, thus predisposing them to the risk of anaemia

The current wave of unrest among secondary schools students in Kenya is an indication of a serious problem in schools related to juvenile delinquency behaviours. For over two decades, this has been undermining the adolescents’ achievement and development. In this regard, juvenile delinquent behaviours have far reaching consequences; hence the present study sought to explore into the relationship between students’ indulgence in various delinquency behaviours and their academic achievement in Mumias sub-county, Kakemega County, Kenya. Specific objective for the study was to determine the elements of delinquent behaviours among secondary students. The study adopts Jessor's Problem Behaviour Theory (PBT) and ex post facto research design to explain the various study variables. The target population of this study was 54 secondary school deputy principals, 54 guidance and counselling teachers, 218 class teachers, 7548 form two and three students. The sample of the study consisted of 47 secondary school deputy principals, 47 guidance and counselling teachers, 139 class teachers and 365 form two and three students. Data was collected using questionnaire, observation schedules, interview schedules and document analysis.

This article describes the reconciliation between copyright law and library services. On the face of it, libraries and copyright protection seem to be located at cross-purposes. One seeks to freely disseminate literature, and the other seeks to preserve the exclusivity of the same. However, looking deeper, one can find a basis for reconciliation of the two in that copyright law is aimed at preventing the unfair use of and unlawful gain from another's literature or other creative work, while libraries aim at distributing knowledge from this literature and other creative works. The copyright act makes a sound balancing of the competing interest of the author on the one side and user on the other hand by recognizing library use as a privileged user right while upholding the moral and economic rights of the author. An attempt is made in this paper to examine the nature, extent and scope of this privileged use especially with a comparative analysis of the similar provisions in various national legislations. It’s really interesting that inspite of a series of technological developments and changed perceptions of public interest the legal provision stands as it is without any amendments for the last five decades. So it is right time to look into the efficacy of this legal provision in the context of changed public interest and technological challenges. Suggesting a viable mechanism keeping into account of the fragile social and economic needs of the country is the final aim of this analysis.

This study aims to improve student motivation and learning outcomes by utilizing the Traditional Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu game in learning Social Sciences (IPS). This research was conducted in the fifth grade of Gorontalo State University Laboratory Elementary School and was motivated by the condition of students who showed less student learning motivation and many learning outcomes were below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) because teachers often used the lecture method which tended to be monotonous and not used the game traditionsoanal Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu. This study uses Classroom Action Research methods with stages of planning, implementation, observation, analysis and reflection. The assessment used in this study is a test technique to determine student learning outcomes, assessment of student learning motivation through questionnaires and observation sheets to determine the activities of teachers and students during the learning process. The results of the study indicate an increase in the assessment of student motivation and learning outcomes. In the assessment of student learning outcomes cycle I completeness 45% with an average value of 74.50 while in cycle II completeness reached 80% with an average value of 83. This shows that the use of traditional Gorontalo Bilu-bilulu games can increase motivation and learning outcomes students in social studies learning.

Abstract: Due to active involvement of fetal system in regulation of amniotic fluid volume it has been identified as an indicator of intrauterine fetal status. USG has revolutionized the process of assessment of amniotic fluid thus becoming an integral part of fetal surveillance. Polyhydramnios is an obstetrical condition associated with significant perinatal morbidity and mortality. In a low resource health facility as India with poor coverage of antenatal care and malnutrition it still becomes more important to screen pregnancies for such high risk factors. The objectives of the present study were: 1. To determine the incidence of polyhydramnios by ultrasonography. 2. To evaluate its relationship with neonatal outcome. A hospital based prospective study for duration of one year. All the patients identified as having polyhydramnios according to Largest pocket diameter method. The incidence of polyhydramnios in singleton pregnancy during the study period was 1.04 %. Majority of cases (76.61%) were mild, 14.03% moderate and 9.36 % severe polyhydramnios. Congenital anomalies were present in 34 (19.88%) fetus. The commonest malformations were central nervous system 17 cases (9.94%), gastrointestinal system anomalies 9 (5.3%) and musculoskeletal 7 cases (4.1%). Anencephaly was the commonest CNS malformations. Significant association existed between severity of polyhydramnios and chances of fetus having congenital anomaly. Other fetal complications include VLBW 4.09%, macrosomia 1.75%, SGA babies 8.77%, LGA babies 9.94%, still birth 7.59%, NICU admission 20.47% , Perinatal death 16.96% and early neonatal death 9.36%. The study gives us the understanding of the impact of polyhydramnios on the fetal outcome. Our study demonstrates that careful fetal examination has to be performed when polyhydramnios is diagnosed, as congenital malformations are often associated with this condition. These anomalies if detected early timely termination of pregnancy can be done hence less physical and psychological trauma to mother.

The acceptance of antenatal care (ANC) is generally poor and inadequate in many developing countries such as Sudan. The study was aimed to evaluate the attitudes of pregnant women towards antenatal care. Methodology: Quasi-experimental study one group, conducted among 150 pregnant women attending ANC, in Al-Hawata area. Their age ranged between (15 – 49) years, in first and second trimester. The data collected by using self-administered questionnaires for literate subjects and interviewer administered for illiterate. Statistically analyzed used statistical package for social sciences (SPSS) version 20. Finding: It was found that almost the variables such as education, number of antenatal visits, diet requirement during pregnancy has significant association with women's education, P Value =0.0001. Also the result of this study showed that there was (84 %) of study group changed to positive attitude post intervention with mean score 45.71 to 74.54. From the findings of the study periodic health education for pregnant women to raise awareness on antenatal care and minimize unhealthy cultural practices is recommended.

This study aims to determine the amount of transformer production, availability of labor, inventory of finished products, normal working hours and optimal overtime so as to obtain minimal production costs and increase company profits. The method used in this study is to use Aggregate Planning by optimizing mixed integer linear programming. The data used is the secondary data of the company, then developed with mathematical models and processing data using the help of LINDO 6.1 software. The results of the study are as follows: 1.) The optimal number of production at (normal working hours and overtime) is 141 units of product, 2.) The optimal number of workers is that there are 173 employees or companies do not need to increase or decrease the number of employees, 3.) The optimal number of finished product inventories is 69 units. 4.) The need for normal working hours and optimal overtime decreases from 201,541 to 193,755 people working hours or decreases by 4%, 5.) Optimization of minimizing transformer production costs is 4.6% or Rp. 57,661,862,889, - from Rp. 1,249,002,284,528, - to Rp 1,191,340,421,639, -.

The current study presents a case of iatrogenic mid-root perforation with a maxillary central incisor in a 59 -year-old female patient, with a history of trauma in that region. Perforations that occur in the mid-root region pose a challenge to the dentist due to inadequate access to the perforation site. Perforations also increase the chance of inflammatory reaction in the periodontal ligament. A concept for the repair of root perforations is presented using a resorbable collagen matrix which reconstructs the outer shape of the root and facilitates the adaptation of MTA. The current clinical case shows successful root perforation repair with follow up using aforementioned technique.

This paper argues that in 2007, the Chinese A-share market held a significant change in its entire progressing process. The interest rate shock in late May 2001 may be a noteworthy event causing the trend change. The paper aims to test for the trend change in real estate stock prices. Two leading listed real estate stocks were employed. Monthly series spanned the period from 1998M012014M12. Unit root, break-date and cointegration tests were conducted. Both the Perron test (in a mixed IO Model C) and the Zivot-Andrews test (Model C) were performed. A long-run memory of real estate share markets was suggested. Breakpoints occurred in March 2007. Long-run equilibrium did not exist between the stock prices. Real estate shares responded fast and independently to the interest rate shock in 2007. The interest rate shock may result in a trend change in real estate stock prices