PPAR-γ plays a critical role in glucose homeostasis and is a molecular target of insulin sensitizing drugs called thiazolidinediones which are PPAR-γ ligands. PPAR-γ ligands also upregulate expression of adipocyte glycerol kinase, resulting into improved insulin action in target tissue such as liver and muscle. PPAR-γ ligand also shown to augment glucose disposal in peripheral tissues by increasing expressions of the glucose transporter genes, GLUT-1 and GLUT-4. Majority of the Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 (DM type 2) patients (80%) are obese, but all obese persons do not develop DM type 2. Serum adiponectin level should be determined by level of PPAR-γ activity in adipocytes. Therefore it will be of interest to explore the difference in the level of serum PPAR-γ level between obese subjects with DM-2 and without DM-2, as both the insulin sensitizing factor’s adiponectin, and vistafin are synthesized in response to FFA. PPAR-γ complex receptor activity. Estimation of serum PPAR- γ level alongwith FBG was done in 90 cases, of which 30 were normal healthy subjects, 30 obese without diabetes type 2 and 30 obese with diabetes type 2. The qualitative estimation of PPAR-γ in human serum was done by ELISA method using ELISA kit from E lab science Biotechnology Co.Ltd. In our study we found a significant change in the level of PPAR- γ between the obese with DM-2 and control subject and also between obese without DM-2 and control subject but we did not find any significant difference between obese with DM-2 and obese without DM-2. In our present study we found the Increased Levels of PPAR- γ in the Obese without Diabetes Mellitus and Obese with Diabetes Mellitus. The levels were 8.03ng/ml ±11.16 and 8.04ng/ml±10.94 respectively. Finally, we observed that the level of PPAR- γ is increased with both the groups, i.e. obese without DM-2 and obese with DM-2 in comparison to normal subjects.

Fermented milk products such as yoghurts can be produced without the addition of any stabilizers. However, some sedimentation of the milk solids would occur in the products (especially drink-type products) and has to be accepted, especially if the shelf-life of the product is more than one week. Sedimentation can, however, be avoided by the addition of stabilizer(s). Pectin has been established as a stabilizing agent in cultured milk products. However, the pectin used is majorly extracted from apple pomace and citrus peels. With the increase in production of processed fruit products, the amount of fruit wastes generated is increasing enormously. Large amount of these wastes poses the problem of disposal without causing environmental pollution. These wastes can be effectively disposed by manufacturing useful by-products from them and one such product is pectin. The peel of passion fruit, for example, constitutes about half of the fruit mass. Given the background of numerous studies which have been carried out on the extraction and characterization of pectin from tropical fruit sources, it is, therefore, necessary to formulate yoghurt stabilized with pectin from these sources and to evaluate its performance in yoghurt. The study was carried out to evaluate pectin extracts from jackfruit and passion fruit peels and their performance in yoghurt production.

The strategy is a plan, implementation, and control in achieving long-term goals. Strategic management is an effort to achieve certain goals through the activities of others so that coordination is needed for the activities of planning, staffing, directing, and controlling in the long run. This study aims to develop a strategy for implementing the operational department procedures at the company PT "X" which has been standardized in the standard operating procedures integrated with computer programs. The research method used in this study is a qualitative analysis method trough interview, observation and documents. The result of analysis are operating procedures Standard of PT”X” are prepared in accordance with ISO 9001 requirements including: Control of Documents and Data (article 5), Process Control (article 9), Inspection and Testing (article 15), Identification and Product Traceability (article 18). The operating procedure standard of PT “X” is using: a. Job and activity, b. Format, c. Quality control. Standard of Operating Procedure for Marketing Division at PT. "X" consists of: Standard of Operating Procedures for Selling Consumer Shipping Services as follow: 1) Standard of Operating Procedures for Selling Consumer Services. 2) Standard of Operating Procedure for Making Shipping Services Cooperation Contracts. 3) Standard of Operating Procedure for Contract Cancellation. 4) Standard of Operating Procedure for Delay Fines. 5) Operational Standards Report Making Procedures and Performance Reporting Marketing Division. The Operating Procedure Standard of Document Management Divisipn as follow: 1) Standard Operational Procedure for Arranging the Decent Approval/Permit Document (SPB or letter of approval for shipping). 2) Standard of Operating Procedure for Document Management in the Transportation Department. 3) Standard of Operating Procedure for Port Document Management. 4) Standard of Operating Procedure for report making and performance document management division

Remittance is one of the key locomotives of economic growth and poverty reduction in developing countries because it serves as development finance needed for investment purposes. This study sheds new light on this question by examining the impact of remittances on private investment in Nigeria. Data on remittance inflow in Nigeria was retrieved from World Development indicator. Error correction and Ordinary least squares is applied for this purpose. The result reveals that remittances increase the rate of private investment in Nigeria and the previous investment is a determinant of the current investment. It is therefore recommended amongst others remittance-receiving households should be encouraged to invest remittances in small and medium scale enterprises rather than use it for the consumption of goods and services.

Background: Endometriosis affects approximately 6%–10% of women of reproductive-aged. Pain is the common symptoms associated with endometriosis and manifests as dysmenorrhea, chronic pelvic pain, dyspareunia, and/or dyschezia, can be debilitating. Aims and Objectives: To find out the association between type and degree of pelvic pain with the Revised American Society for Reproductive Medicine classification system. Materials and Methods: Thirty women with endometriosis were studied in Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology. Pain intensity was assessed by visual analogue scale (VAS) and a score of 1-3, 4-6 and ≥7 is classified as mild, moderate and severe pelvic pain. Disease was staged as per the American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) classification system in grade I to Grade IV and pain severity was compared. Results: Mean age of study cohort was 30 ±5.75 years. Majority of the women with endometriosis were in stage III (36.66%), stage IV (30%) and stage II (23.33%). Distribution of type of pain across the ASRM stages was insignificant (p >0.05). Distribution of visual analogue scale for pain with ASRM Staging was statistically significant (p=0.001). Conclusion: We did not find any association between type of pain and ASRM stages however severity of pain has a significant association with ASRM stages.

Context: Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are also known as chronic diseases, because they tend to be of long duration. Detection, screening, treatment and palliative care, are the key components of the response to NCDs. Aim: To know the prevalence of risk factors of non-communicable diseases in rural and urban districts of Etawah. Setting and design: It is a community based cross sectional study among person aged between 25-64 years residing in the rural and urban areas of district Etawah. Methods and material: WHO STEPS approach was used. Statistical analysis: The collected data was analysed using SPSS Inc. version 23.0, Chicago. Results: In the study almost half of the subjects were males. Prevalence of current tobacco users, alcohol users, insufficient use of fruits and vegetables and physical inactivity were found 42.4%, 22.0%, 92.8%, 51.1% in rural areas and 25.4%, 19.8%, 84.8% and 54.9% in urban areas respectively. Prevalence of included overweight, obesity, increased waist circumference, raised systolic and diastolic blood pressure were found 32.2%, 11%, 26.1%, 14.8% and 19.7% in rural areas and 42%, 21.2%, 49.2%, 14.4%, 18.9% in urban areas respectively. Prevalence of self-reported diabetes and hypertension in rural areas were 2.27%, 9.47% and in urban areas 4.92% and 10.98% respectively. Conclusion: Healthy lifestyle changes should be encouraged in order to reduce modifiable risk factors.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Financial Services Authority's circular letter number 14 / SEOJK.03 / 2017 concerning the health level of regional government-owned banks through a comparative analysis between Bank DKI Jakarta (“Bank DKI”) and Regional Development Bank Jawa Tengah (“BPD Jawa Tengah”) in 2017, the soundness level of PT BPD Jawa Tengah before implementation (2016) and after implementation (2017) and the soundness level of Bank DKI before implementation (2016) and after implementation (2017). The method used in this study is RGEC (Risk Profile, Good Corporate Governance, Earning, Capital), while the long-term goal is modeling the financial performance strategy of the Regional Development Bank. The results of this study shows that the comparison of the performance of Bank DKI and PT BPD Jawa Tengah in 2017 are not significant difference; the comparison of the performance of PT BPD Jawa Tengah are not significant difference for 2016 and 2017, but the comparison the performance of Bank DKI for 2016 and 2017 are significant difference. The implementation of Circular Letter Number 14 / SEOJK.03 / 2017 regional development banks period 2016 (before) and 2017 (after), shows that the assessment of financial performance of PT BPD Jawa Tengah are not significant difference, however the assessment of financial performance of Bank DKI are significant difference. In 2017 after the implementation of Circular Letter Number 14 / SEOJK.03 / 2017 the results shows that the comparison of the performance of PT BPD Jawa Tengah and Bank DKI are not significant difference.

Doxorubicin (DOX) is an anthracyclin antitumor antibiotic closely related to the natural product daunomycin. The most dangerous side effect of DOX is cardiomyopathy leading to congestive heart failure. This study aimed to investigate the cardiotoxicity of DOX by measuring lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), creatine kinase (CK-MB) enzymes, and troponin I level in serum, and measuring malondialdehyde (MDA) level in the heart muscle tissue. Sixty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the right thigh of the hind limb of a mouse. The total period of the experiment was 49 days (7 days before and 42 days after tumor inoculation). Mice were randomly divided into three groups (20 mice per each group) as follows: Group 1: Control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days). Group 2: Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. Group 3: DOX group, in which mice received DOX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. The results of this study showed that, treatments with an intraperitoneal injection of DOX lead to increase of myocardial infarction markers as serum LDH, CK-MB enzyme activities, and Troponin I level. MDA increases in cardiac tissue homogenate in treated mice with DOX. It can be concluded that DOX treatment of male mice inoculated with SEC Tumor induced a myocardial infarction. Therefore, cancer patients treat with DOX should be checked the serum LDH, CK-MB enzyme activities, and Troponin I level during treatment to avoid myocardial infarction.

Myeoloproliferative syndrome can cause portal hypertension by inducing the formation of portal thrombosis. In this rectrospective study, we report all cases of portal hypertension caused by myeoloproliferative syndrome and the steps of the final diagnosis

Background: Doxorubicin is used for treatment of solid tumors blood cancers, however, its cardiotoxicity, cardiomyopathy, and congestive heart failure, are the major limitation of its use. Doxorubicin treatment induces inflammation in various cancer cell lines. Exposure urothelial cells to doxorubicin (DOX) show an increase in IL-1β and prostaglandin E2, similarly, studies have shown that high IL-8, TNF-α and NFκB. This study aimed to investigate the effects of doxorubicin treatment of inflammatory and prooncogen mediators in heart muscle and tumor tissue. Methods: Sixty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the thigh of the hind limb. Mice were divided into three groups (20 mice per group) as follow: Control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal (i.p.) injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days), Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, in which mice received an intraperitoneal injection of 0.2 ml normal saline once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation, DOX group, in which mice received DOX (4 mg/kg, i.p.) once weekly on days 0, 7, 14, 21 (for 21 days) starting one hour after tumor inoculation. Results: administration of DOX to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in a significant increase in cardiac tissue IL-6 level by 4 folds compared to the control group and subcutaneous implantation of ECCs resulted in a significant increase IL-6 in tumor tissue. Administration of DOX to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in a significant decrease in tumor tissue IL-6 and TNF-α levels. SEC group showed a significant increase in tumor tissue SphK1 activity compared to the control group and administration of DOX ECCs-bearing mice resulted in the non-significant effect on the tumor tissue SphK1 activity. Conclusion: Treatment with DOX, leads to increase in inflammatory mediators as, IL-6 and TNF-α, in cardiac muscle tissue amelioration of these parameters in tumor tissue. SphK1 enzyme activity was increased by tumor induction.

Background and Aim: Anemia is a common and serious complication of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Despite the use of erythropoietin, anemia of CKD can be resistant to therapy. Hepcidin is the main iron regulatory hormone; increased hepcidin production during chronic inflammation interferes with iron absorption, prevents iron recycling leading to hypoferremia and iron-restricted erythropoiesis. Our study aims to evaluate the role of serum hepcidin in predicting the response to erythropoietin (EPO) therapy in children with CKD on regular hemodialysis. Subjects and methods: a cross sectional comparative study included 40 children with CKD on regular hemodialysis who received EPO therapy for at least 3 months and 40 age and sex matched healthy children. Assessment of anemia and iron profile before and after 3 months of EPO therapy and was correlated to the serum level of hepcidin. Results: in comparison to healthy controls, CKD children have significant anemia and high hepcidin level. CKD children have CKD children with high hepcidin level have significant lower hemoglobin and impaired response to EPO therapy in comparison to those with normal hepcidin level (P-value <0.005). There was significant negative correlation between serum hepcidin level and HB, HCT and iron level in children with CKD. Conclusion: children with CKD on regular dialysis have higher hepcidin level that interferes with the response of anemia to EPO therapy suggesting functional defect in iron utilization among those children

Indole-3-carbinol (I3C) and its metabolites were proven to suppress the proliferation of various cancer cell lines by targeting a wide spectrum of signaling pathways that regulate hormonal homeostasis, cell cycle progression, and cell proliferation. Moreover, I3C inhibited tumorigenesis in mammary glands, liver, lung, and gastrointestinal tract in different animal models. These preclinical findings demonstrate the value of I3C in cancer prevention and therapy, which has led to its trial in cervical dysplasia, breast cancer, leukemia and recurrent respiratory papillomatosis. This study aimed to investigate the effects of different doses of I3C on inflammatory mediators, IL-6 and TNF-α levels and prooncogenic mediator, SphK1 activity, in tumor tissue in Solid Ehrlich Carcinoma (SEC) Tumor Model. Eighty BALB/c male mice were used in this study. Except for mice in the control group, each mouse was implanted subcutaneously with 0.2 ml of the ascites fluid containing 1x106 Ehrlich carcinoma cells (ECCs) into the thigh of the hind limb. Mice were divided into four groups (20 mice per group) as follow: Control group, Solid Ehrlich carcinoma (SEC) control group, Indole-3-carbinol (I3C 1000 ppm) group, in which mice were put on a diet containing 1000 ppm I3C starting seven days before and continued for 42 days after tumor inoculation, Indole-3-carbinol (I3C 2000 ppm) group, in which mice were put on a diet containing 2000 ppm I3C starting seven days before and continued for 42 days after tumor inoculation. Administration of I3C (1000 and 2000 ppm) to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in significant decrease in tumor volume and increased survival rate. Subcutaneous implantation of ECCs resulted in significant increase in tumor tissue SphK1 activity, TNF-α and IL-6 levels and administration of I3C (1000 and 2000 ppm) to ECCs-bearing mice resulted in significant decrease in all of these oncogenic and inflammatory mediators.

Cutaneous metastasis is a condition where cancers originating from various parts of the body spread to the skin. There are rare but not unusual. The objective of our study is to study the epidemiological, clinical and evolutionary profiles of cutaneous metastases. Throw this retrospective study rendered over 6 years period from 2011 to 2016. 10 patients were selected from the dermatology department of Moulay Ismail’s Hospital in Meknes. We deduced the following: The sex- ratio M/F is 2.3, the average age is 60.9 years. Skin metastases appeared mostly during the evolution of the primary tumor. The preferred seat of the MCs in study was the trunk. The clinical appearance was mostly nodular. Adenocarcinoma (60%) was the most frequent histological form followed by squamous cell carcinoma (40%). Evolution was unfavorable, as 40% of the 60% of patients followed died at about 3 months after diagnosis of MCs. Skin metastases are a sign of poor prognosis, and occur most often at a late stage during the development of tumor pathology, but on the other hand, MCs may reveal underlying neoplasia. Its asymptomatic character makes early screening difficult

Epidemiological surveillance in the era of globalization, especially in the very rapid progress in the field of transportation, with only a few hours can cause an epidemiological shift in the disease, representative. Timeliness, data quality and stability. This study uses an evaluative descriptive approach to the surveillance system at the Port Health Office Class III of the Banda Aceh Work Area at the Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport. The subject of this study was a surveillance system in the area of Banda Aceh's Class III Airport. The technique of data collection was done through questionnaires, in-depth interviews, and documentation studies. The results of the study there are several indicators The attributes of simplicity, flexibility, acceptability, sensitivity and stability and high timelines. While the assessment of data quality and positive predictive value is still low. The conclusion of this study is the activity of epidemiological surveillance attributes at the Class III Banda Aceh Health Office in the Work Area of the Sultan Iskandar Muda Airport, but there are problems in the surveillance system due to limited equipment, although there is a shortage of positive predictions but the timeline remains.

Arbitration, the contractual alternative of dispute settlement, though it has scored greater efficiency and become a venerable mode of dispute settlement in this business world; it has been encumbered by court intervention, nowadays. Court intervention is appropriate and justified almost in all jurisdictions in different degrees and contexts. However, unless its justifications, instances, and extent are well stipulated and fettered under national arbitration law, unwarranted interventions could restrain arbitration proceedings so that parties’ whished benefits and interests remain in vain. Therefore, this article is going to deal with rationalities, instances, and the extent of court intervention in arbitration proceedings. In doing so, it strives to divulge the extent of court intervention under international and Ethiopian arbitration laws. For this, the article uncovered that Ethiopian arbitration law is exposed to unwarranted and inimical court intervention in arbitration proceedings. There are premature court interventions and broader judicial review circumstances under the Civil Procedure Code and the Civil Code of Ethiopia. Underscoring the existence of the higher extent of court intervention instances, this article also tried to pinpoint solutions calling for an optimal extent of court intervention in arbitration proceedings. In doing so, parties can have a fair degree of autonomy and freedom guaranteeing and underpinning an efficient arbitration system. Last, as a way forward, the article has also called, including ratification of the New York Convention (1958), modification of the Ethiopian arbitration law in light of the modern arbitration laws from the international arbitration laws, foreign jurisdictions, and arbitration rules of renowned arbitral institutions.