Currently, the Internet is considered as the largest medium and the most important tool for transferring and exchanging information. Besides the benefits and facilities of this "worldwide web", the possibility of crime occurrence has been doubled. Offenses which are now threatening citizens' safety, behavior and welfare, did not exist in the past at all. The present study investigates properties and factors which double the risk and damage of internet crimes. Findings revealed that on one hand internet crimes have unique characteristics such as global aspect, ease of perpetration, extent of damage, multiplicity of victims and crime detection-related issues and the like and on the other hand, internet criminals and victims differ from other criminals and victims in terms of age, gender, motivation and others.

Objective: Pseudomonas aeruginosa is an important cause of hospital acquired infection especially in patients admitted in critical care units such as intensive care units and burn care units. In recent times, it has emerged as a widespread Multi Drug Resistant (MDR) pathogen which requires antibiotic susceptibility testing on a regular as well as a periodic basis. This study was carried with an aim to determine the antimicrobial resistance pattern and prevalence of MDR P. aeruginosa infection among burns patients at a tertiary care centre. Material and Methods: This retrospective study of pus samples of hospitalized patients in burn wards between January 2018 to June 2018 was carried out. The intensity of use of antibacterial agents and resistance of P. aeruginosa to common anti-Gram-negative antibiotics were measured. The antibiotic sensitivity testing of all P. aeruginosa isolates was done using Kirby-Bauer disc diffusion method and the results were interpreted according to the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute guidelines (CLSI) 2017. Results: Out of these 130 clinical specimens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa was isolated in 38(29.2%) samples. P.aeruginosa showed maximum sensitivity to Imipenem (90%), Piperacillin-tazobactum (78%) and Gatifloxacin (52.6%) followed by Tobramycin (28.9%), Ciprofloxacin (23.6%) and Gentamycin (13.1%). Conclusion: Pseudomonas was the commonest cause of infection in fire burn patients in our setting. About 29.2% of the isolates showed multiple resistances. In light of our findings, regular antibiotic resistance test has to be done for each patient in order to select an appropriate antimicrobial agent.

It is obvious that the life of man and that of the society revolve around land and its resources. This importance of land to man and the society influenced the state intrusion into property legislation in order to ensure adequate and efficient land management technique for the benefits of the greatest number of the members of the society. Furthermore, the nexus between land and economic prosperity of an individual and a nation informed the constitutional provisions respecting the inviolability of private property rights in various jurisdictions around the world. This work focuses on the credit aspects of land reform and land settlement schemes in Nigeria. The findings, manifestly, show that Land Use Act 1978 (Act) brought enormous reforms to the administration and management of land in Nigeria, including the aspects of land settlement schemes. Which has, remarkably, improved the economic value of land, and prescribed a much more better and equitable ways of alienating interest in land as expressed in the combined effect of Sections 21, 22, 23, 24, 26 and 34(7) of the Act. It also notes that Land settlement schemes are projects with positive impact on land, and not fettered by the provision of the Land Use Act 1978, as previously thought. Even the ones created by Deed or Wills before the Land Use Act as adumbrated in Section 26 of the Act, Therefore, we recommend that Governments at all levels should create land settlement schemes, so as to improve land, the fortunes and living conditions of the citizens, and, by extension, food security through the Farm settlements.

Hepatitis B infection is caused by hepatitis B virus (HBV), an enveloped DNA virus belonging to family Hepadnaviridae that infects the liver and causes hepatocellular necrosis and inflammation which are serious public health problem worldwide. The Present study was conducted in the department of microbiology on 456 female patients. The serums were obtained by centrifugation & test was done. The Hepatitis B surface Ag was detected by using HEPACARDS kit. In our current study on 456 female patients were screened for HBsAg and we found that 5.3% female patients were reactive with HBsAg in serum and 94.7% were Non reactive with HBsAg out of 456 female patients. Higher prevalence of HBsAg was reported in most sexually active age group.i.e.21-40 years (57.5%) and least in age group 81-100 (0.4%). In the light of current study, it can be concluded that the Hepatitis B contributes significantly to chronic liver diseases in India and being transmitted through parenteral, sexual or perinatal mode. The study revealed high prevalence rate of HBV among female patients (5.3%).

The present article deals with the syntactic position of the topic markers in Mandarin Chinese. One of the characteristics of the topic structures in Mandarin Chinese is that there is a topic marker attached to the topic. The topic markers don’t carry meaning in the structure but only serve as the functional markers in syntax. Therefore it may be argued that these topic markers are not heads of the topic structures but rather modality particles attached to the head of the topic.

Background & Objective: UTI (urinary tract infection) is the most common among all hospital acquired infections world wide. In UTI, most common organism is E.coli. Organism responsible for the hospital acquired infection may have tendency to develop multiple drug resistance. E.coli acquired from the hospital source and community source may differ in their resistant against antibiotics. Aim: Our aim to study and compare the antibiotic resistant pattern with special reference to ESBL (extended spectrum β lactamase) in the community acquired and hospital acquired common gram negative bacilli causing UTI in patients of district hospital Gandhinagar during period of June 2008 to may 2009. Methods and materials: E.coli from symptomatic UTI cases from both community acquired and hospital acquired UTI at district hospital Gandhinagar during period of June 2008 to May 2009 were tested for the antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 18 drug of various groups performed by Kirby Bauer's disc diffusion method. Isolates resistant to third generation cephalosporin were tested for ESBL production by double disk synergy test method. Results: Overall E.coli was (73.75%) among the all gram negative bacilli of UTI patients. The majority (70%) of the isolates were from female. ESBL prevalence was 12.6% and 25% among community acquired and hospital acquired E.coli respectively. Cephalosporin group of sensitivity was widely varied among both the group compare to other groups of antibiotics and more resistance was found in hospital strain. Discussion and Conclusion: Almost double prevalence of ESBL among hospital strain compared to community strain leads to change in line of management when a hospitalized patient has tendency to develop UTI, plain cephalosporin should not be administered in other diseases also.

Background: Anaemia is reduced oxygen carrying capacity of blood, due to reduced RBC mass and/or haemoglobin concentration [1]. Causes of anaemia include nutritional deficiencies, inherited genetic defects, medication-related side effects and chronic diseases. We had studied patients attending our tertiary care centre to determine aetiology of anaemia and its different clinical aspects during period of July 2012 to March 2014. Methods: A total 100 patients having anaemia were enrolled in the study and detailed clinical examination and relevant laboratory investigations were performed. Results: Out of 100 patients 55 were females and 45 were males. In present study 45 females fall in age between 12-40 years and 29 males were in the similar age group. Most common presenting symptoms were generalised weakness and easy fatigability. Pallor was noted in 94 patients. Severe anaemia (Hb <7 g/dl) were seen in 89% of the cases. 34% of the patients had subnormal serum iron levels and 45 patients were having low serum vit. B12 level (<187 pg/dl). Among other causes, 7 patients had anaemia of chronic disease, 4 had malabsorption and 2 had drug toxicity. Conclusion: Vitamin B12 deficiency in association with iron deficiency was found to be the commonest cause for anaemia in the study group. Haemolytic anaemia was more common in males in thid study

In Yabello most of the range land was changed in to agricultural area and the remaining part were exposed to overgrazing and become seriously degraded. The aim of this study was in order to assess the impact of overgrazing on the soil characteristics of Yabello rangeland. The soil physico –chemical characteristics were evaluated by using three (3) grazing intensity level (ungrazed, moderate grazing and over grazing (each with 2 ha) were selected, which were located about 100 to 150m apart within a 10 ha area. This study indicates that Overgrazing homogenized soil characteristics. The ranges of spatial autocorrelation for soil organic C (SOC) and total N were at the HG site, which was considerably larger than that at the MG and OG sites. Soil nutrients such as organic C, N and K were show a small higher variation in the ungrazed areas than as compared to both moderately grazing and overgrazing, even though, a variation were generally low and differed non-significantly in all the study sites. Results on soil texture revealed that the sand, silt and clay contents were not much difference in the three land-use systems. In general, since the complex nature of soil nutrient patterns, which are largely dependent on land-uses and topography and also the current study were done based on small sample areas we call up researchers for a more broad-based additional research investigation to provide stronger and basic information in the Yabello rangelands in this regard.

Within the space of sports games, more particularly in the physical practices where participants interact operative way with others. This is particularly the case in team sports (football, basketball, volleyball, rugby, baseball, Futsal, Beach soccer...) or traditional Tunisian sports games (mini goals, 7 holes, elagfa,...) analysis by Allen Ali [1], during of which the players of a team communicate unambiguous with their partners but contre-communiquent not without malice with opponents. The purpose of our study is to show the effect of the specificity of the environment according to the rules of each sport Futsal and beach soccer on the certainty of decision-making during communications for inter and intra participated in competitive situations high level. The methodology used being an analysis of six matches, including three of the last World Cup of Futsal 2016 in Colombia and three of the last World Cup of beach soccer 2017 in the Bahamas. These analyses have come up as a result that the environment affects the shape of the sport as well as the practice environment is a determinant of practical identity during the decision-making process and affects the certainty of results.

Leaf ethanolic extracts of six Senna species namely S. occidentalis, S. hirsuta, S. siamea, S. obtusifolia, S. polyphylla and S. alata were obtained using the cold extraction method. The extracts were tested for antimicrobial activity against five organisms, namely Escherichia coli, Klebssiella pneumonia, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumonia and Salmonella typhi. The agar well diffusion method was used to carry out this test. The study on antimicrobial activities shows that ethanolic extracts of the six Senna species possess antibacterial activity against human pathogens used in this study. The antibacterial activities of the extracts were more pronounced at higher concentration than at lower concentration in the species of Senna investigated. However, Senna alata showed more antimicrobial acivity. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the plant extracts ranged from 21.5 mg/ml to 62.5 mg/ ml with Senna alata having the lowest value (31.25 mg/ ml) for the pathogen tested except Klebssiella pneumonia (65.5 mg/ml) while the other Senna species have similar minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The antimicrobial activity of ethanolic extract of Senna alata was favourably compared with the standard drug, ciprofloxacin. The antibacterial activities of the plant extract could possibly be due to alkaloids and flavonoids. Bioactive substance from these six Senna species can therefore be employed in the formation of antimicrobial agent for the treatment of various bacterial infections or diseases.

This paper attempts to discuss the need for fostering 21st century skills in schools, especially in English Language classrooms. Our school systems need to respond to the changing world. The new generation is to be prepared for the new careers, by connecting their learning with real life. Schools should build the young generation for the future. This is possible only when the curricula incorporate the 21st century skills to frame the syllabi to meet the changing needs. The teaching- learning process should be made challenging, inspiring, interesting and effective. Language classroom can contribute much to this effect by connecting physical and virtual environment that can connect the learners with a “variety of learning resources, and with people of different cultural backgrounds.” This may enhance learning experiences and individual development. The present century is technology rich and immensely complex. Learners in the present century need abundant opportunities to participate in connected learning environments that can ensure perfect learner engagement. Classroom environment should provide the learners with the opportunities to acquire the skills like critical thinking, problem solving, creativity, innovation, celebration, team work, leadership, cross-cultural understanding, etc. This can equip the learners with the ability to face the challenges of the modern society. Learning is a lifelong process .So the learners must get chances to update themselves with the latest trends and information. English is the ideal context for introducing and building 21st century skills

Background: The presence of a mass in head, neck and face region often pose a challenging diagnostic problem to the clinician who is confronted with a maze of possibilities. The routine work up comprises of clinical history, clinical examination and other diagnostic aids like radiology which often fail to resolve the vexing problem regarding the nature of the mass. An early recognition and categorization of lesions is essential for treatment. Aim of the Study: To assess the utility of FNAC as an initial diagnostic modality in patients with swellings in the head, neck and face region. Materials and Methods: The study was conducted in the Department of General Pathology of D.Y. Patil Medical College. The ethical clearance for study protocol was obtained from ethical committee of the institution. The present study emphasizes on the diagnostic utility of the fine needle aspiration of head, neck and face swellings. This study is undertaken from February 2015- June 2016. All the patients referred to the department of pathology for FNAC of swellings in the region of head, neck and face, were analysed. A total number of 484 FNAC cases are analysed in this study.

Flours were prepared from seven cassava varieties (Agbablé3, Bonoua2, Bondoukou4, Boufouh3, Boufouh4, Soclopouopo3, Totoba2) evaluated for their physicochemical properties. The physicochemical parameters of the seven varieties show significant differences (p <0.05). The results showed that moisture content of flours ranged from 10.88±0.02 (Bonoua2) to 12.92±0.31% (Agbaglé3), starch from 28.71±0.34 (Socloppouopo3) to 44.06±0.56% (Totoba2) carbohydrates from 92.70 ±0.05% (Totoba2) to 94.72±0.27 (Bonoua2), organic matter from 85.3±0.27 (Totoba2) to 87.4±0.18% (Bondoukou4), and energy value from 347.56±0.03 (Agbable3) to 361.95±0.01 to kcal/100g (Bonoua2). Physicochemical parameters at low content are the protein ranging from 1.37±0.14 (Soclopouopo3 and Boufouh4) to 2.23±0.13% (Boufouh3), lipids from 0.77±0.03 (Bonoua2) to 1.29±0.11(Boufouh4), ash from 1.29±0.1(Agbablé3) to 2.62±0.01 (Soclopouopo3), fibers from 1.03±0.24 (Soclopouopo3) to 1.08±0.06% (Boufouh3 and 4) and total sugar from 1.30±0.04(Soclopouopo3)-3.35±0.05(Bonoua2). The most dominant minerals are potassium, calcium and phosphorus whose content are respectively 328±0.1 (Totoba2) to 1207 mg/100g (Bondoukou4), 82±0.01 (Boufouh4) to 338±0.26 mg/100g (Bonoua2) and from 20±0.05 (Totoba2) to 100±0.41 mg/100g (Bonoua2). From the data obtained it can be concluded that cassava varieties should not be abandoned because of poor cooking quality and high cyanogenic potential. These varieties could be used for other purposes such as starch production, glucose, adhesives, fuel alcohol, animal feed and other industrial Uses.

Vermiculture employ earthworms for decomposition of organic waste for production of organic manure. The importance of earthworms is known since time immemorial and it is considered natural plough by the farmers. Earthworms are one of the most important fauna of agro-ecosystems which dominate the biomass of invertebrates in many soils of temperate and tropical regions of the world. The benefits are now globally realized that earthworms can contribute much to the management of different pedo-ecosystems. They are useful in land reclamation, soil improvement and organic waste management in addition to their use as a protein-rich source of animal feed. Earthworms eat and mix large amount of soil or in burrows, depending upon the species concerned. Their casts contain high concentration of organic material, silt, clay and cations such as iron, calcium, magnesium and potassium. Earthworms also release nitrogen in to soil in their casts and urine. Earthworms change the physical characteristics of soil by aerating during rain or irrigation. Earthworms thus enhance incorporation and decomposition of organic matter, increase soil aggregate, improve porosity and water infiltration and increase microbial activity. Vermiculture may be a boon for Fiji which is a small Island nation located in the South Pacific, 3000 km east of Australia and 1930 km south of the equator. It is endowed with excellent climate which is very much suitable for vermicomposting. The land and climate of Fiji are very good for growing horticultural crops such as vegetables and fruits. Fiji farmers use imported chemical fertilizers which is costly resulting farming as an expensive venture. The export market for organically produced crops is increasing worldwide providing excellent opportunity to the farmers to use organic manure produced locally. To meet the farmers‟ demands of organic manure there is a vast scope of vermiculture. The availability of plenty amount of plant biomass, number of suitable earthworm species and excellent tropical climate are in favour of simple vermiculture technology.

The present project constitutes an investigation about the factors that intervene in first semester students when choosing a university. The study employs a 95% reliability in the first semester of the Engineering in Business Management degree. The results obtained in this research were various factors that are involved in the choice of a university environment such as family, economic or skills